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161.
Christian Sellar 《GeoJournal》2013,78(1):1-19
This paper analyzes how processes of Europeanization opened up opportunities and generated ideals, which in turn changed the articulation between political and economic powers in the city and county of Timisoara, Western Romania. It builds on case studies of local government agencies and foreign investors from Italy. In doing so, it discusses the circular relationship between the European and the local levels of governance: European governance affected the interactions between firms and institutions in the city, while at the same time city authorities used different understandings of ‘Europe’ to pursue their own agenda. It also shows some of the unexpected side-effects of Europeanization, due to the political activism of Italian investors. Beck and Grande’s concept of ‘reflexive modernization’ and the literature on regional economies frame the discussion. 相似文献
162.
Siegfried Siegesmund Akos Török Andre Hüpers Christian Müller Werner Klemm 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(2):385-397
High levels of SO2 and particulate pollution enable the rapid development of gypsum-rich weathering crusts in Budapest. Two types of white crusts,
thin and thick ones, and two forms of black crusts, laminar and framboidal ones, were studied in limestone buildings of the
parliament and Citadella. The percentage of crust cover and damage categories were documented on selected walls. Petrographic,
XRD, XRF and sulphur isotope analyses were performed under laboratory conditions to understand the mechanism of crust formation.
White crusts found both on exposed and sheltered walls display a calcite-rich layer with gypsum, while black crusts are enriched
with gypsum. The sulphur isotopic composition of white and black crusts overlaps, but the crusts are slightly enriched in
heavy isotopes compared to rainwater. S content, Si/Al ratios and particulates in black crusts suggest that air pollution
(SO2, dust) contributes to black crust formation. The accumulation of sulphur and Zn enrichment of white crusts were also documented
indicating that under high pollution levels, even these compound can accumulate on exposed facades. 相似文献
163.
164.
165.
166.
Roberto Ventura Santos Edilton J. dos Santos João Adauto de Souza Neto Luis Christian Montreuil Carmona Alcides Nóbrega Sial Luis Henrique Mancini Lauro Cézar Montefalco de Lira Santos Gilzênia Henrique do Nascimento Lucas UpaDafubigin Santos Mendes Emerson Marcello Ferreira Anastácio 《Gondwana Research》2013,23(1):380-389
Strongly-deformed marbles may be easily confused with linear and elongated carbonatite intrusions. Both rocks may present similar texture and foliation to the host rock, or even cross cutting field relationships, which could be interpreted either as igneous or high-grade metamorphosed marble. Diagnostic criteria are even more complex when there is evidence of melting of the metasedimentary carbonate rock, such as has been described in the Himalayas and in the Eastern Ghats, India.In the Alto Moxotó Terrane, a high-grade gneissic domain of the Borborema Province, Northeastern Brazil, there are metacarbonates associated with banded gneisses and different metaplutonic rocks. Field evidence indicates the absence of other metasedimentary rocks associated with these marbles, thus suggesting that these carbonates were separated from other siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks. The presence of marble also suggests that it may represent the initial stage of a crustal carbon recycling into the mantle. These marbles present many field similarities to carbonatites (e.g., fluid-flow structure) and, together with metagranites and metamafic intrusions, may represent a major collisional tectonic suture.A detailed study of the carbon, oxygen and strontium isotopic composition of these marbles is presented. This study aims to identify the origin of the different isotopic components. It is argued that these rocks were subjected to temperature and pressure conditions that were sufficiently high to have melted them. The isotopic data presented here support this interpretation and indicate the mixing of two components: (i) one characterized by radiogenic Sr isotopes and mantle-like carbon isotopes, which is associated with the gneissic and mafic rocks, and (ii) another characterized by low 87Sr/86Sr ratios and highly positive δ13C values. Available geochemical data for the upper Paleoproterozoic indicate that the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of ocean water, varying between 0.7050 (2.25 ± 0.25 Ga) and 0.7047 (1.91 Ga), falls within the lower range of the samples from Itatuba and thus reinforces the interpretation that these marbles are sedimentary-derived and were partially contaminated by interaction with the host gneissic and mafic rocks. 相似文献
167.
Coesite and pure pyrope in high-grade blueschists of the Western Alps: a first record and some consequences 总被引:55,自引:0,他引:55
Christian Chopin 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1984,86(2):107-118
A pyrope-quartzite originally described by Vialon (1966) from the Dora Maira massif was resampled and reinvestigated. Garnet (up to 25 cm in size), phengite, kyanite, talc and rutile are in textural equilibrium in an undeformed matrix of polygonal quartz. The garnet is a pyrope-almandine solid solution with 90 to 98 mol % Mg end-member. It contains inclusions of coesite which has partially inverted to quartz, resulting in a typical radial cracking of the host garnet around the inclusions. Several lines of evidence show that coesite crystallised under nearly static pressure conditions and that the whole matrix has once been coesite. The formidable pressures of formation implied (≧28 kbar) are independently indicated by i) the coexistence of nearly pure pyrope with free silica and talc, ii) the coexistence of jadeite with kyanite, iii) the high Si content of phengite. Water activity must have been low. The stability of talc-phengite and the presence of rare glaucophane inclusions in pyrope point to low formation temperatures (about 700 °C) and to a probable Alpine age for the assemblage. This is evidence that low temperature gradients, how essentially transient they are, may nevertheless persist to considerable depths. Moreover, the upper crustal (evaporite-related?) origin of the quartzite and its interbedding within a continental unit implies that continental crust may also be subducted to depths of 90 km or more. The return back to the surface is problematic; the retrograde assemblages observed show that it must be tectonic. If the rocks remain at depth, new perspectives open for the genesis of intermediate to acidic magmas. Eventually, the role of continental crust in geodynamics may have to be reconsidered. 相似文献
168.
Researching the South African tourism and development nexus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Under apartheid, tourism was essentially anti-developmental in focus and tourism research largely centred on the recreation
of white South Africans. Since the 1994 democratic transition tourism has become recognised as an increasingly important sector
for South Africa's economy and for achieving the government's goals for reconstruction and development. In this paper a review
and critical analysis is presented of the changing directions and foci of tourism scholarship in South Africa. It is shown
that South African scholars are beginning to respond to the challenges posed by tourism as a developmental focus.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
169.
Loading and fate of particulate organic carbon from the Himalaya to the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We use the evolution of river sediment characteristics and sedimentary Corg from the Himalayan range to the delta to study the transport of Corg in the Ganga-Brahmaputra system and especially its fate during floodplain transit.A detailed characterisation of both mineral and organic particles for a sampling set of river sediments allows taking into account the sediment heterogeneity characteristic of such large rivers. We study the relationships between sediment characteristics (mineralogy, grain size, specific area) and Corg content in order to evaluate the controls on Corg loading. Contributions of C3 and C4 plants are estimated from Corg stable isotopic composition (δ13Corg). We use the evolution of δ13Corg values from the Himalayan range to the delta in order to study the fate of Corg during floodplain transit.Ganga and Brahmaputra sediments define two distinct linear relations with specific area. In spite of 4-5 times higher specific area, Ganga sediments have similar Corg content, grain size and mineralogy as Brahmaputra sediments, indicating that specific area does not exert a primary control on Corg loading. The general correlation between the total Corg content and Al/Si ratio indicates that Corg loading is mainly related to: (1) segregation of organic particles under hydrodynamic forces in the river, and (2) the ability of mineral particles to form organo-mineral aggregates.Bed and suspended sediments have distinct δ13Corg values. In bed sediments, δ13Corg values are compatible with a dominant proportion of fossil Corg derived from Himalayan rocks erosion. Suspended sediments from Himalayan tributaries at the outflow of the range have low δ13Corg values (−24.8‰ average) indicating a dominant proportion of C3 plant inputs. In the Brahmaputra basin, δ13Corg values of suspended sediments are constant along the river course in the plain. On the contrary, suspended sediments of the Ganga in Bangladesh have higher δ13Corg values (−22.4‰ to −20.0‰), consistent with a significant contribution of C4 plant derived from the floodplain. Our data indicate that, during the plain transit, more than 50% of the recent biogenic Corg coming from the Himalaya is oxidised and replaced by floodplain Corg. This renewal process likely occurs during successive deposition-erosion cycles and river course avulsions in the plain. 相似文献
170.
Controlling geological and hydrogeological processes in an arsenic contaminated aquifer on the Red River flood plain,Vietnam 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1