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81.
Tongjiang Wang Nelson L. Reginald Joseph M. Davila O. Chris St. Cyr William T. Thompson 《Solar physics》2017,292(8):97
Three-dimensional electron density distributions in the solar corona are reconstructed for 100 Carrington rotations (CR 2054?–?2153) during 2007/03?–?2014/08 using the spherically symmetric method from polarized white-light observations with the inner coronagraph (COR1) onboard the twin Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO). These three-dimensional electron density distributions are validated by comparison with similar density models derived using other methods such as tomography and a magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model as well as using data from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO)-C2. Uncertainties in the estimated total mass of the global corona are analyzed based on differences between the density distributions for COR1-A and -B. Long-term variations of coronal activity in terms of the global and hemispheric average electron densities (equivalent to the total coronal mass) reveal a hemispheric asymmetry during the rising phase of Solar Cycle 24, with the northern hemisphere leading the southern hemisphere by a phase shift of 7?–?9 months. Using 14 CR (\(\approx13\)-month) running averages, the amplitudes of the variation in average electron density between Cycle 24 maximum and Cycle 23/24 minimum (called the modulation factors) are found to be in the range of 1.6?–?4.3. These modulation factors are latitudinally dependent, being largest in polar regions and smallest in the equatorial region. These modulation factors also show a hemispheric asymmetry: they are somewhat larger in the southern hemisphere. The wavelet analysis shows that the short-term quasi-periodic oscillations during the rising and maximum phases of Cycle 24 have a dominant period of 7?–?8 months. In addition, it is found that the radial distribution of the mean electron density for streamers at Cycle 24 maximum is only slightly larger (by \(\approx30\%\)) than at cycle minimum. 相似文献
82.
James Goff Catherine Chagué‐Goff Michael Archer Dale Dominey‐Howes Chris Turney 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(7):660-670
Large asteroid impacts are rare, and those into the deep ocean are rarer still. The Eltanin asteroid impact around 2.51 ± 0.07 Ma occurred at a time of great climatic and geological change associated with the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary. Numerical models of the event indicate that a megatsunami was generated, although there is debate concerning its magnitude and the region‐wide extent of its influence. We summarise the existing evidence for possible Eltanin megatsunami deposits in Antarctica, Chile and New Zealand, while also examining other potential sites from several locations, mainly around the South Pacific region. In reviewing these data we note that these events were unfolding at the same time as those associated with the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary and, as such, most of the geological evidence from that time has a climatic interpretation. The potential climatic and geological ramifications of the Eltanin asteroid impact, however, have failed to be considered by most researchers studying this time period. Although we are not advocating that all geological activity at that time is connected with the Eltanin asteroid impact, it raises interesting questions about the role potentially played by such catastrophic events in contributing to or even triggering epochal transitions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
83.
84.
Andrew J. Turner John Woodward Stuart A. Dunning Adrian J. Shine Chris R. Stokes Colm Ó Cofaigh 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(2):221-232
We present results from three geophysical campaigns using high‐resolution sub‐bottom profiling to image sediments deposited in Loch Ness, Scotland. Sonar profiles show distinct packages of sediment, providing insight into the loch's deglacial history. A recessional moraine complex in the north of the loch indicates initial punctuated retreat. Subsequent retreat was rapid before stabilisation at Foyers Rise formed a large stillstand moraine. Here, the calving margin produced significant volumes of laminated sediments in a proglacial fjord‐like environment. Subsequent to this, ice retreated rapidly to the southern end of the loch, where it again deposited a sequence of proglacial laminated sediments. Sediment sequences were then disturbed by the deposition of a thick gravel layer and a large turbidite deposit as a result of a jökulhlaup from the Spean/Roy ice‐dammed lake. These sediments are overlain by a Holocene sheet drape. Data indicate: (i) a former tributary of the Moray Firth Ice Stream migrated back into Loch Ness as a major outlet glacier with a calving margin in a fjord‐like setting; (ii) there was significant sediment supply to the terminus of this outlet glacier in Loch Ness; and (iii) that jökulhlaups are important for sediment supply into proglacial fjord/lake environments and may compose >20% of proglacial sedimentary sequences. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
85.
Chris Rand 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1994,19(9):839-844
There is no doubt that although the price of PCs has fallen, the performance for money continues to rise. As this happens, so the suitability of using general-purpose computing platforms, especially PCs, for specific technical applications increases. This article discusses recent developments and reviews some of the systems which are currently available for data acquisition and analysis in the environmental sciences. 相似文献
86.
Chris Windass 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1994,19(9):849-858
87.
Summary The stability characteristics of trapped gravity waves, generated by an isothermal bounded tanh (z) velocity profile in the presence of a saturated finite layer, are studied. The saturated layer is introduced at different levels above the inlection point and the variations of moisture content, layer thickness and distance from the origin are examined. The growthyrates and phase speeds of the unstable modes are obtained by solving numerically the equations of motion in the linear, inviscid, Boussinesq limit, via the technique of Lalas and Einaudi (1976).It is shown that the presence of the saturated layer can significantly affect the stability characteristics of the waves. inereases in moisture, layer thickness and distance of the layer from the inflection point are found to amplify the wave response because the saturated layer behaves as a top boundtry to the shear flow. The presence of such effective boundaries is found to stabilize short wavelengths and destabilize longer wavelengths. Finally, an application of the results to a rainband case produces values of the wave parameters in good agreement with the observed ones.With II Figures 相似文献
88.
A total of 81 samples (244 specimens) from Upper Cretaceous Indus Molasse and Middle to Upper Cretaceous Dras Flyschoids of the Indus-Tsangpo suture zone in Ladakh (northwest Himalaya) has been studied by thermal demagnetization methods.Both formations showed a characteristic magnetization component indicative for equatorial to low northern palaeolatitudes of acquisition. Similar palaeolatitudes have been obtained before from secondary magnetization components of Early Tertiary age in the Ladakh Intrusives and in the Tibetan Sedimentary Series of central Nepal. The present characteristic components are interpreted likewise as secondary magnetizations which stabilized between 50 and 60 m.y. ago, during Greater India's collision with Asia's southern margin.The Dras Flyschoids show another magnetic component which, in case of primary origin, indicates acquisition at a low southern palaeolatitude. If correct, this interpretation supports recent suggestions for Late Cretaceous obduction of an island arc on Greater India's northern margin. 相似文献
89.
Catastrophic events reveal the dynamic nature of salt-marsh vegetation in Southern California 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Joy B. Zedler Jordan Covin Chris Nordby Phil Williams John Boland 《Estuaries and Coasts》1986,9(1):75-80
Recent hydrological disturbances, including flooding, dry-season streamflow, and drought, greatly altered coastal wetland habitats in sourthern California. At Tijuana Estuary, a six-year study of salt-marsh vegetation patterns during these rare conditions documented substantial temporal variability in plant growth and distribution. Important to cordgrass (Spartina foliosa Trin.) dynamics were the amount and timing of streamflows, which reduced soil salinity and alleviated stresses on plant growth. Poorest growing conditions occurred in 1984 when both river and tidal flows were lacking; soils had low moisture and extreme salinities (avg.=104‰ in September). Plant stress was documented in 1984 as high mortality (62% fewer stems than in 1983) and reduced height (19% less than in 1983). Cordgrass height was greatest in 1980 following winter flooding (20% increase over 1979); densities were greatest in 1983 with summer freshwater influxes (60% increase over 1982). A carbon allocation model is proposed to explain the varied responses. 相似文献
90.
Chris C.Y. CHAN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1986,10(2):131-134
The carbonate-carbon (CO2 ) content of forty-one geochemical reference samples has been determined by coulometric method following acid treatment of the sample for releasing CO2 . The method is superior to the conventional methods in speed, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the coverage of CO2 range. The results on NBS limestone samples agree well with the certified values. The precision of the method is 0.5 % r.s.d., and the practical detection limit is 10 ppm C. 相似文献