X波段双线偏振雷达数据质量分析及控制方法

利用双偏振参量在弱降水过程中性质均一、随时空变化缓慢的特征,选取北京、佛山地区弱降水过程的观测资料,通过将较长时间观测结果沿径向或方位累积的方法,分析双偏振参量测量精确度受地物、避雷针、旋转及俯仰关节的影响,并提出相应的质控方法,得出以下结论:(1)差分反射率(ZDR)、相关系数(ρhv)及差分传播相位(ΦDP)比水平反射率(Z)对地物更敏感,其中在地物处ρhv小于0.85,ZDR低于-1 dB。根据降雨与地物之间偏振参量特征的不同,将ρhv长时间累积能有效的识别地物回波。(2)每根避雷针对双偏振参量影响的方位和幅值是近似一致的。在以避雷针为中心的±15°的方位范围内,ZDR增大0.4~1.5 dB,ρhv降低0.01以下、Z降低1~2 dBZ,且均在避雷针中心处影响达到极值。通过基于上述方位的统计订正可以较好的去除避雷针对双偏振参量的影响。(3)雷达旋转关节的异常会导致ZDR在水平方向上不平稳变化,而俯仰关节异常会使ZDR在高、低仰角差距较大,通过ZDR沿方位一段时间的累积得到各层仰角ZDR变化曲线,用此曲线来实现ZDR的误差标定。通过检验,本文提出的质量控制方法有效的提升了X波段双偏振雷达的数据质量,为其在业务中的进一步推广提供了支持。     

倾斜摄影在矿区工程测量的关键技术研究

矿区工程测量已从传统的人工测绘转变到无人机航空摄影测绘,既节省人力,又提高了效率和精度。随着科技的发展,无人机航空测绘也逐渐从垂直摄影发展到倾斜摄影。本文根据矿区工程测量的特点,阐述了倾斜摄影像控点布设和航测飞行方案的关键技术要点,列举出了多种像控点布设方案,并加以对比,最终通过实际量测,得到了多组有效地验证。得出结论为在矿区按照测绘区角部、边部点组均匀布设及中心少量布设为最佳方案,为矿区的工程测量、生产运营、监督管理等方面提供科学依据。     

北京721特大暴雨极端性分析及思考（一）观测分析及思考

本文利用多种常规和非常规观测资料对北京2012年7月21日大暴雨过程的降水特点,引发特大暴雨的中尺度对流系统的环境场条件及其发生发展过程进行了全面的分析。观测分析发现：这次特大暴雨是一次极端性降水过程,具有持续时间长、雨量大、范围广的特点。降水过程由暖区降水和锋面降水组成。暖区降水开始时间早,强降水中心较为分散,持续时间长。锋面降水阶段,多个强降水中心相连,形成雨带,雨强大,降水效率高,持续时间较短。引发此次特大暴雨的中尺度对流系统的环境场条件分析发现：极端降水过程发生在高层辐散、中低层低涡切变和地面辐合线等高低空系统耦合的背景下。来源于热带和副热带的暖湿空气在暴雨区辐合,持续输送充沛的水汽,具有极高的整层可降水量、强低层水汽辐合等极端水汽条件。在充沛的水汽条件下,低涡切变、低空急流上的风速脉动、地面辐合线、地形作用等触发了强降水。随着锋面系统东移,在冷空气和适度的垂直风切变作用下对流系统组织化发展,产生较强的锋面降水。中尺度对流系统发生发展过程分析发现：降水过程首先以层状云降水和分散的对流性降水为主。随着干冷空气的侵入逐渐转化为高度组织化的对流性降水,多个中小尺度对流云团组织化发展并形成MCC,产生极端强降水。由于回波长轴方向、地形以及回波移动方向三者平行,此次过程的雷达回波具有明显的“列车效应”;并具有明显的后向传播特征和低质心的热带降水回波特点。通过此次罕见暴雨事件观测资料的综合分析,提出了需要进一步研究的问题：此次特大暴雨过程极端性降水特点及极端水汽条件的成因;北方地区暖区暴雨的形成机制;列车效应和后向传播的形成机制;对流单体的组织维持机制以及数值预报对暖区降水的模拟诊断能力等。     

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一次暖云强降水主导的对流单体闪电活动特征

利用中国气象局雷电野外科学试验基地(CMA_FEBLS)三维闪电观测数据,结合广州双偏振雷达观测数据,分析了2017年5月7日广东一次暖云强降水对流单体的闪电活动及其与云降水结构的关系。该单体在4 h内产生1250个闪电,地闪比例约24%。绝大多数闪电出现在4~12 km高度,对应温度层为0℃至-40℃;闪电放电活动的峰值高度出现在8.5 km,对应环境温度约-19℃。分析的强降水单体宏观上呈现上正、中负、下正的三极性电荷结构,中部负电荷核心区约为-8℃至-15℃。在闪电活动区域中,由干雪粒子主导区域占比约82%,霰粒子主导区域占比约11%,且大部分与闪电活动关联的霰粒子主要位于4~8 km高度。总闪频数与30 dBZ雷达回波顶高、-20℃温度层上大于20 dBZ的回波体积具有较好的相关性。闪电活动的平均位置高度与20 dBZ雷达回波顶高和-20℃温度层上大于30 dBZ的回波体积具有较好的相关关系。闪电活动与最大降水强度之间具有较好的时序对应关系,单个闪电表征降水量的值为107 kg/fl量级。     

Carboniferous porphyry Cu (-Au) mineralization of the West Junggar region,NW China: the Shiwu example

ABSTRACT

The West Junggar region, located in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is characterized by extensive Carboniferous magmatism and porphyry Cu (-Au) deposits. The Shiwu porphyry Cu-Au deposit, located in the east of the Barluk Mountains, the West Junggar region, is not only a newly discovered deposit but also a representative porphyry Cu-Au deposit in this area. The volcanic rocks (including andesite and tuff) and intrusive rocks (including diorite, quartz diorite, quartz diorite porphyry, and tonalite porphyry) occurred in the Shiwu area and the mineralization associated with the quartz diorite porphyry. The secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) zircon U–Pb ages of quartz diorite porphyry and tonalite porphyry are 310.4 ± 2.3 Ma and 310.1 ± 2.4 Ma, respectively, indicating that the Shiwu deposit is related to the Late Carboniferous magmatism. Intrusive rocks, which were characterized by the enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and pronounced negative high field strength elements (HFSEs), belong to the calc-alkaline or tholeiitic series. Their (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i, (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_I, and εNd(t) values range from 0.703569 to 0.704311, 0.512488 to 0.512512, and 4.9 to 5.3, respectively. Volcanic rocks, which belong to the calc-alkaline series, have similar geochemical features as the intrusive rocks, and their (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i, (¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_i, and εNd(t) values, respectively, are 0.703704–0.704071, 0.512520–0.512542, and 5.49–5.92. These characters indicate that the igneous rocks in the Shiwu area derived dominantly from the mantle and formed in an island arc setting. These characters also further confirmed that the Barluk Mountains is still in an island arc setting in the Late Carboniferous and the accretionary orogenesis can exist until 310 Ma at least.     

SEISMOTECTONICS OF THE 8 AUGUST 2017 JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE AND THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL FAULT MODELS IN THE SEISMIC REGION

On 8 August 8 2017, an M_S7.0 earthquake occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province. Field geological investigations did not find any co-seismic surface rupture in the epicenter area, implying that the seismogenic structure is likely a hidden active fault. Based on the results of the relocated aftershocks, the seismogenic fault was simulated and characterized using the SKUA-GOCAD software. The three-dimensional model of the seismogenic fault was preliminarily constructed, which shows that the main shock of the Jiuzhaigou M_S7.0 earthquake occurred at the sharp bending area of the fault surface, similar to the geometry of the active fault that generated several major earthquakes in the Songpan area during 1973-1976. Our study suggests that high seismicity of this area may be closely related to the inhomogeneous geometry of the fault surface. In this work, we collected the historical earthquakes of M ≥ 6.5, and analyzed the geometric and kinematic features of the active faults in the study area. A three-dimensional fault model for the 10 main active faults was constructed, and its limitation in fault modeling was discussed. It could provide evidence for analyzing the seismotectonics of historical earthquakes, exploring the relationships between earthquakes and active faults, and predicting major earthquakes in the future.     

Temporal and spatial evolution trends of drought in northern Shaanxi of China: 1960–2100

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Drought prediction and assessment are the basis for addressing climate change and extreme weather. Northern Shaanxi is an important energy base and ecological...     

基于小波萎缩方法的图像小波去噪的研究

小波方法越来越广泛地应用到图像处理当中。小波萎缩方法是小波图像去噪方法中较为重要的方法之一。本文主要介绍了图像小波去噪中较常用的小波萎缩方法，并主要针对Bayes阈值，使用噪声方差邻域估计法加以研究和实现，并将几种阈值函数的去噪效果进行了对比。     

2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震触发滑坡及其构造分析

2013年7月22日,甘肃省岷县漳县交界发生了Ms6.6地震.地震触发了大量的、类型各种各样的滑坡.滑坡类型以黄土崖崩、滑、倾为主,还有一些深层连贯型土质滑坡、大型土质流滑、斜坡裂缝等类型.地震滑坡主要分布在一个与临潭-宕昌断裂平行的长条形区域内.该长条形区域面积约为250km2,长度约40km,最大宽度约8km.对应不同构造段落的区域内滑坡发育程度不同,反映了不同段落发震构造的特征差异.滑坡的主体分布范围与震中位置表明了构造破裂是从SEE向NWW方向发展的.最后,分析了该滑坡主体分布区中心线与临潭-宕昌断裂在空间地理位置上相差10km的2种可能的原因.