南海海域新生代沉积盆地构造演化的动力学特征及其油气资源

通过对构造环境、地球物理场特征、盆地生储盖层发育等方面对比研究, 讨论南海南北部沉积盆地的油气资源分布特征, 为在南海进行油气勘查指明方向.目前油气勘探实践证明, 南海南部的油气资源比北部丰富, 究其原因, 南海北部为被动大陆边缘, 张性沉积盆地的烃源岩体积较小, 而南部挤压环境下形成的沉积盆地的烃源岩体积大; 北部的地热流较南部小, 因此地温梯度也较小, 如北部陆架上的珠江口盆地的热流值在5 3~ 87mW /m2之间, 平均6 7mW /m2, 而南海南部大曾母盆地平均热流值达97mW /m2, 最大值达130mW /m2, 故南部边缘烃源岩的成熟度比北部高; 由于南部边缘处于挤压构造环境, 因此在沉积盆地中形成了许多挤压构造, 而北部边缘一直处于张性构造环境, 形成的构造较少且较小; 同时, 南部边缘沉积盆地中, 烃源岩生烃与构造形成在时间上搭配较好.因此, 在南海南部边缘沉积盆地中形成了许多大型油气田, 而南海北部边缘沉积盆地中, 大型油气田较少, 中小型油气田较多.这就是为什么南海南部边缘的油气资源比北部丰富的地质原因.      

陆相断陷盆地层序类型与隐蔽油气藏勘探——以南堡凹陷古近系为例

以南堡凹陷高分辨率三维地震、测井和丰富的地质资料为基础, 运用高精度层序地层分析方法, 结合盆地构造和沉积充填特征的研究, 在南堡凹陷古近系识别出了1个超层序组、4个超层序、11个三级层序, 在柳北扇三角洲体系可划分出6个四级层序.根据古构造坡折带控制层序类型和层序构成模式的思路, 通过南堡凹陷古近系同沉积构造发育特征的分析, 认为南堡凹陷古近系存在同沉积断裂坡折带和同沉积背斜挠曲坡折带2种类型, 由此决定了南堡凹陷古近系主要发育了同生断裂坡折型层序和同沉积背斜挠曲坡折型层序, 建立了这2种类型层序体系域构成模式.其中同生断裂坡折型层序和同沉积背斜挠曲坡折型层序的低位域砂体及高位域砂体成藏条件优越、地震剖面易于识别, 是隐蔽油气藏勘探的主要目标.      

云南兰坪-思茅盆地脉状铜矿床铅、硫同位素地球化学与成矿物质来源研究

云南兰坪-思茅盆地中一新生代砂页岩中赋存有许多脉状铜矿床。本文对盆地内从北至南三个典型脉状铜矿床(金满、水泄和白龙厂)进行了详细的铅、硫同位素研究，探讨了该类型矿床的成矿物质来源。分析表明。该类型矿床的铅同位素组成总体变化较小，且均位于上地壳铅演化线附近，说明成矿流体中铅具有稳定的上地壳来源。各矿床由于赋矿层位不同，矿石铅同位素组成表现出一定差异，如由兰坪盆地侏罗纪地层中的金满矿床到思茅盆地二叠纪地层中的白龙厂矿床，铅同位素比值(^207Pb/^204Pb)呈增高趋势，这表明这类矿床的铅主要来源于围岩地层，且地层越老，提供的铅就相对富含放射成因铅。矿床中脉石矿物重晶石、铁白云石等的锶同位素组成也表明，金满矿床成矿流体的^87Sr／^86Sr比值较高(0．70874—0．71232)，而白龙厂矿床的^87Sr／^86Sr比值较低(0．70829—0．70938)，接近于围岩灰岩的值(0．70755)。硫同位素研究表明，金满矿床中硫化物的δ^34S值变化最大，为-20．5‰- 7．0‰。水泄矿床中硫化物的δ^34S值变化最小，为-0．1‰- 4．2‰。而白龙厂矿床中硫化物的δ^34S值为-14．3‰--3．6‰。水泄和白龙厂矿床中重晶石的δ^34S值分别为 12．3‰- 19．0‰和 13．1‰，它们与盆地中蒸发岩层中石膏的δ^34S值( 10．8‰- 15．7‰)相近。分析表明，兰坪-思茅盆地中脉状铜矿的硫源主要来源于盆地热卤水萃取的地层中蒸发岩硫酸盐，它们通过有机质的热分解反应还原为沉淀硫化物所必需的低价硫。各矿床独特的硫同位素组成还表明它们的硫源受局部地层硫源和成矿流体物理化学性质所控制。本文提出大气降水起源的盆地热卤水通过对围岩中新生代地层的淋滤和萃取，获得了成矿所需的金属和硫，并在构造薄弱部位沉淀形成了本区的脉状铜矿床。     

近45年拉萨深层地温变化趋势分析

利用1961—2005年拉萨0.8 m, 1.6 m和3.2 m逐月平均地温, 采用气候倾向率、累积距平、信噪比等气候诊断方法, 分析了近45年拉萨深层平均地温的变化趋势, 以及异常、突变等气候特征。结果表明:近45年拉萨0.8 m和1.6 m年平均地温呈极显著的增温趋势, 倾向率为 (0.58~0.69 ℃)/10a;0.8 m和1.6 m平均地温倾向率春季最大, 秋季最小; 3.2 m平均地温却以夏季升幅最大, 冬季最小; 与同时期平均气温的增温幅度比较, 地温增幅更大; 20世纪60—90年代0.8 m和1.6 m年平均地温呈明显的逐年代升高趋势; 季平均地温20世纪60—70年代均偏低, 80年代大部分季节仍略偏低, 90年代都表现为正距平; 0.8 m, 1.6 m和3.2 m年平均地温均在1999年出现了异常偏暖, 异常偏冷现象仅发生在1.6 m土层上, 时间为1963年; 夏季深层平均地温异常偏暖均发生在1999年; 冬季0.8 m和1.6 m平均地温多异常偏冷年份, 主要发生在20世纪60年代; 1999, 2002—2005年冬季3.2 m平均地温异常偏暖; 夏、秋季和年平均地温的气候突变都出现在1986年, 冬、春季发生在1983年。     

土壤环境中化学定时炸弹的研究现状与展望

土壤环境中的化学定时炸弹对生态环境乃至人类自身危害极大,国内外均有大规模发生化学定时炸弹的实例,但是,由于其不易发现而常常被忽略,这将造成更为严重的后果。化学定时炸弹的分类问题比较复杂,目前较为妥当的做法是对各种分类方案进行有益的探索。化学定时炸弹的触爆机制研究十分重要,是进行地球化学灾害评价、预测和防治的基础;地球化学工程技术是将来预防和治理化学定时炸弹最主要手段。从科学的严密性和严肃性考虑,化学定时炸弹的概念应该由具有更深刻内涵和更广泛外延的“缓变型地球化学灾害”来替代。     

华北地块东段和龙超镁铁质科马提岩的发现及特征

和龙岩体赋存于新太古代夹皮沟—金城洞花岗绿岩带中,与围岩发生同变形变质。岩体具有典型的科马提岩冷凝结构分层和鬣刺结构、冷凝多面体节理。上述特征是作者1990年发现确认的。该科马提岩的矿物学特征:玻璃质脱玻形成铁皂石等矿物;斜方辉石和橄榄石鬣刺呈中空骸晶状,大部被滑石、铁白云石、绿泥石、磁铁矿等取代,但仍保留完好的长柱状假像;堆积带中橄榄石呈微细粒、新鲜,仅发生网状蛇纹石化。岩石化学特征富MgO,CaO/Al_2O_3=1.04,用科马提岩分类图判别为超镁铁质科马提岩。     

A note on the discovery of a 2M_⊙ pulsar

It is conventionally thought that the state equation of dense matter softens and thus cannot result in high maximum mass if pulsars are quark stars and that a recently discovered 2M⊙ pulsar (PSR J1614-2230) may make pulsars unlikely to be quark stars. However, this standard point of view would be revisited and updated if quark clustering could occur in cold quark matter because of the strong coupling be- tween quarks at realistic baryon densities in compact stars. It can be argued that the state equation of...     

Geological environment conflicts of Kunming Basin and its urban sustainable development

Kunming Basin locates middle of Yunnan altiplano and has a particularity in geography,topographic and geological environment.With the urban dilation quickly,add the reason of the unreasonable city layout,conflicts between environment and urban resources consumption become shrill increasingly.It is human being activities that lead to vulnerability and depravation of geological environment in local.Take a few examples on geological environment to expatiate relationship between urban construction and geological environment carrying capacity,and find a way how to make a better plan for urban sustainable development to achieve new balance between man and nature in local.     

StudyofCurieisothermalsurfaceinSichuanBasinandtheseismicareaonitswesternmar┐gin

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Geology, Geochemistry and Minerogenesis of the Shijuligou Zinc–Copper Deposit in Gansu, China

Abstract: The Shijuligou deposit was separated by an arcuate ductile shear zone cross the center of the deposit region, resulting in the difference between the southern and northern ore bodies. The lead (Pb) isotopic data of ores of the Shijuligou copper deposit have averages of 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb in 17.634, 15.444, and 37.312, respectively. It has been shown that ore-forming metals originated from intrusive and extrusive rocks in the upper part of ophiolites. The sulfur isotopic data of pyrite and chalcopyrite in the northern part change from +7.61‰ to +8.09‰ and +4.95‰ to +8.88‰ in the southern part. Isotopes of δ18O in the Shijuligou copper deposit are between +11.1‰ and +18.6‰, with the calculated δ18OH2O at +0.65‰. It is suggested that the mineralized fluid is a mixture of magma fluid, meteorological water, and seawater through circulating and leaching metals from the volcanic rocks. The zircon uranium-lead (U–Pb) dating of gabbro is 457.9±1.2 Ma, and the lower crossing age of the discordant and concordia curves of pyroxene spilite of zircon is 454±15 Ma. It is indicated that the Shijuligou deposit formed in a new ocean crust (ophiolite) of the back-arc basin in the late Ordovician. Mineralization should occur in the intermittence period after strong volcanic activity, and the age should be the late Ordovician. Moreover, the mineralization of ophiolite-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the ancient orogenic belt of the late Ordovician in the northern Qilian Mountains was controlled by the primary fault/fracture, with the forming of a metallogenic hydrothermal system by a mixture of volcanic magma fluid and seawater, which circularly leached the metallogenic metals from the volcanic rocks, resulting in their accumulation. The ore bodies were transformed with morphology and metallogenic elements. Jasperoid is an important sign for prospecting such deposits. There were many island arcs in the continent of China. This study provides evidence for understanding and exploration of ophiolite-hosted massive sulfide deposits in western China, especially in the area of northern Qilian Mountains.