中国剑龙类的发展史和演化

剑龙类恐龙是一类长有骨板的中-大型有甲类恐龙。其最明显的特征是从颈部到尾部沿背脊有两列直立的骨板,呈对称或交错排列。已知最早的剑龙类恐龙发现于中侏罗世的欧洲和中国,在侏罗纪末期剑龙类迅速繁衍,在全球都有分布,但随后在白垩纪早期开始消亡。中国至今所发现的剑龙类恐龙化石有几十个个体材料,发表的属种共计9属10种,分别为嘉陵龙、乌尔禾龙、芒康龙、营山龙、华阳龙、沱江龙、重庆龙、巨棘龙,将军龙。从地层分布、头部、腰带、肢骨比值和骨板几个特征来看,中国剑龙类应该有一个从华阳龙-重庆龙-巨棘龙-沱江龙-营山龙-芒康龙-乌尔禾龙的演化过程。     

湖北省县域交通和经济发展空间格局与耦合

在湖北省县域交通优势度和经济发展水平综合测度的基础上,采用洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数、空间自相关等方法探究交通、经济发展的均衡性及空间集聚效益,计算其耦合协调度,根据两者相对发展度进行交通经济发展类型的划分。结果表明,湖北省县域交通优势度呈现出以武汉、襄阳和宜昌为核心的格局,西部山区交通优势度较低;县域经济以武汉市和宜昌市为核心,武汉市周边形成圈层状递减结构;各县市区交通优势度相对平均,交通发展均衡性优于经济发展;县域交通优势度和经济发展水平均呈正空间自相关,两者的高值聚集区和低值聚集区存在明显的空间重叠;湖北省交通与经济耦合度整体较高,协调性相对较低,绝大多数县市区交通优势未得到充分发挥。湖北省各县市区应充分发挥交通优势,促进经济快速发展。     

基于面向对象的海水养殖模式遥感提取研究

不同海水养殖模式用地面积的获取是海水养殖区域进行合理规划、长期稳定发展的基础性工作之一。本文以广东省柘林湾海水养殖区为实验区,采用面向对象遥感分类方法实现了对3种海水养殖模式的分类提取,研究结果表明:面向对象的海水养殖模式遥感分类结果精度为83.87%,较监督分类提取精度提高了9.61%;此方法对塘埂的剔除效果较明显,且能有效对不同池塘养殖模式进行分类。     

应用Landsat7 ETM+遥感影像进行区域生态环境评价

在对生态环境评价方法的理论研究基础上,利用Landsat7ETM+遥感影像,结合数字高程模型,提取相关生态因子,进而进行生态环境评价,并利用该方法建立了山东省威海市2002年生态环境评价体系。评价结果表明:威海市生态环境质量等级为优,非常适和居住。     

水下动态重力数据实时采集仿真技术研究

针对难以通过水下采集真实重力数据对重力辅助惯性导航关键技术、算法模型进行实验验证与优化,基于捷联惯导反演算法和重力动态测量原理,研究构建了捷联式与平台式水下航迹重力数据实时采集仿真系统,并采用两两采样点间的重力异常之差作为新的匹配量以提高匹配量精度.依据现有器件水平,设置陀螺仪随机常值漂移为0.002°/h,加速度计随...     

湖南省醴陵市正冲金矿地质特征与找矿标志

正冲金矿所处区域构造复杂,岩浆活动频繁而强烈,成矿条件十分有利。文章阐述了正冲金矿矿床地质特征及成矿地质条件,总结了找矿标志,且在该区找矿具有重要的指导意义。     

相变储能矿物材料研究现状及其展望

相变储能材料因为储能密度高,热导率大,相变过程近似恒温等特点,所以被公认为是一种很有前景的储能材料。在相变储能材料中,矿物储能材料占有重要地位,被广泛应用于太阳能存储、工业余热回收和各种控温领域。本文首先介绍了相变储能材料的一般概念,然后以矿物材料为重点,总结了常见的相变储能矿物材料和矿物复合相变储能材料的来源、物化性质、功能等。最后回顾了目前相变储能矿物材料的主要应用领域,指出目前相变储能矿物材料研究过程中有待解决的问题,并展望了其应用和发展前景。     

Recycling of sediment into the mantle source of K-rich mafic rocks: Sr–Nd–Hf–O isotopic evidence from the Fushui complex in the Qinling orogen

Potassium (K)-rich mafic rocks are viewed as being derived from partial melting of an enriched mantle source, but it is controversial about which processes cause the mantle enrichment. The Fushui intrusive complex is the largest early Paleozoic K-rich intrusive complex in the eastern Qinling orogen. Therefore, detailed studies on the Fushui complex can contribute not only to understanding of the petrogenesis of K-rich mafic rocks, but also to unraveling the Paleozoic evolution of the Qinling orogen. In this study, we provide an integrated investigation of in situ zircon U–Pb dating and Hf–O isotopes, in combination with whole-rock major and trace elements, as well as Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes, for the Fushui intrusive complex. In situ zircon secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) / laser ablation induction coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) U–Pb dating reveals that different rock types of the Fushui complex have identical formation ages of 488–484 Ma. The Fushui complex belongs to the shoshonitic series, and is characterized by extreme large ion lithophile element (LILE, e.g., Ba, U, Th and Sr) and Pb enrichment and depletion of high field-strength elements (HFSEs, e.g. Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, P and Ti). It shows high initial Sr isotopic ratios (0.7100–0.7151), negative whole-rock ε _Nd(t) (?3.97 to ?5.68) and negative to slight positive whole-rock (?2.24 to 2.38) and zircon (?2.85 to 0.34) ε _Hf(t) values, as well as high zircon δ¹⁸O values (6.86 ± 0.13 ‰). The Hf–Nd isotopic systems are decoupled with positive Δε _Hf values (3.85–5.37). These geochemical features indicate that the mantle source has incorporated subducted zircon–barren oceanic sediments. A simple two-end-members mixing model constrains the amount of subducted sediments in the Fushui mantle source to 5–8 %. The Fushui complex originated from 1 to 6 % equilibrium melting of a phlogopite-bearing garnet lherzolite by non-modal melting. As shoshonitic magmas have been discovered in modern nascent arcs, we suggest that the generation of the Fushui complex was induced by the subduction of the Paleotethyan Ocean, when it jumped from the northern to the southern boundary of the North Qinling microcontinent.     

Geochemistry of magmatic and hydrothermal zircon from the highly evolved Baerzhe alkaline granite: implications for Zr–REE–Nb mineralization

The Baerzhe alkaline granite pluton hosts one of the largest rare metal (Zr, rare earth elements, and Nb) deposits in Asia. It contains a geological resource of about 100 Mt at 1.84 % ZrO₂, 0.30 % Ce₂O₃, and 0.26 % Nb₂O₅. Zirconium, rare earth elements (REE), and Nb are primarily hosted by zircon, yttroceberysite, fergusonite, ferrocolumbite, and pyrochlore. Three types of zircon can be identified in the deposit: magmatic, metamict, and hydrothermal. Primary magmatic zircon grains occur in the barren hypersolvus granite and are commonly prismatic, with oscillatory zones and abundant melt and mineral inclusions. The occurrence of aegirine and fluorite in the recrystallized melt inclusions hosted in the magmatic zircon indicates that the parental magma of the Baerzhe pluton is alkali- and F-rich. Metamict zircon grains occur in the mineralized subsolvus granite and are commonly prismatic and murky with cracks, pores, and mineral inclusions. They commonly show dissolution textures, indicating a magmatic origin with later metamictization due to deuteric hydrothermal alteration. Hydrothermal zircon grains occur in mineralized subsolvus granite and are dipyramidal with quartz inclusions, with murky CL images. They have 608 to 2,502 ppm light REE and 787 to 2,521 ppm Nb, much higher than magmatic zircon. The texture and composition of the three types of zircon indicate that they experienced remobilization and recrystallization during the transition from a magmatic to a hydrothermal system. Large amounts of Zr, REE, and Nb were enriched and precipitated during the transitional period to form the giant low-grade Baerzhe Zr–REE–Nb deposit.     

内蒙古“一湖两海”水域动态监测体系:框架、指标与专题可视化

水资源动态监测是自然资源监测评价的核心内容。自然资源治理从单一要素治理向综合要素治理转型,水资源监测需要从系统化视角切入。基于此,以中国内蒙古自治区“一湖两海”水域为案例区,基于驱动-压力-状态-响应(driving-pressure-status-response,DPSR)模型构建了一种综合水域动态监测体系,形成了水域动态监测框架与指标体系,同时结合专题地图可视化技术对案例区水量、水温、水质和生物多样性的变化趋势进行动态分析和专题图表达,为“一湖两海”水域保护与治理工作提供决策支持。