豫西地区山西组—太原组页岩孔隙结构及其影响因素——以ZXY1井为例

页岩孔隙结构是储层评价的关键,对页岩气的勘探、开发以及页岩储层改造等都具有十分重要的意义。本文以ZXY1井太原组—山西组页岩为例,利用低温氮吸—脱附实验、X衍射、扫描电镜等实验手段研究页岩孔隙结构及其影响因素。结果表明,太原组—山西组页岩孔隙复杂,发育有机孔、微裂缝和多种无机孔;孔隙孔径主要为2~50 nm,以介孔为主,其次为微孔;孔容和比表面几乎全部由微孔和介孔提供。有机质、黏土矿物及其组合对孔隙结构影响分析表明,孔容与TOC含量、孔容与黏土矿物含量、比表面积与TOC含量、比表面积与黏土矿物含量均具有较为显著的正线性相关关系;TOC含量和黏土矿物含量数值乘积与孔容、比表面积表现为非常显著的正线性相关关系;TOC含量和黏土矿物含量双参数回归孔容与比表面积,相关系数高,误差较小。综合分析认为,有机质和黏土矿物对孔隙结构的影响并非简单正线性相关关系,而是复杂的正向关系。     

Variability and Climate Effect of the Salinity in the Pacific Warm Pool-cold Tongue Confluence Region

This study focused on the warm pool-cold tongue confluence region (WCCR) in the central tropical Pacific Ocean where the warm and fresh water from the warm pool encounters with cold and saline water from the cold tongue. The WCCR is characterized by strong surface salinity front, shallow mixed layer and thick barrier layer. The WCCR is the key area for the development of different types of El Ni?o, and also the area with significant systematic bias in climate models. In order to reveal what role the structure and variability of salinity will play in the ocean dynamic and thermal conditions, and the cycle of the ENSO, a key project was approved by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in July, 2017. The key scientific issues that will be addressed in the project are as follows: ①to depict the three-dimensional structure and variability of salinity in the WCCR; ②to reveal the mechanism for the variability of salinity front and barrier layer; and ③to illustrate the main processes that control the impact of salinity on the upper-ocean variation in the tropical Pacific and the cycle of the ENSO. The present study will improve our understanding of the tropical ocean dynamics and ENSO dynamics, and will enhance the prediction skill of the ENSO.     

渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷古潜山的三维地质结构特征

地质结构研究是开展盆地分析与油气勘探的重要基础。渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷以古潜山油气田著称于世,潜山地质结构的精细研究是深化油气勘探、进一步获得油气发现的关键。本文基于对覆盖整个冀中坳陷的2D 和3D 高精度地震资料的系统解释及对钻达潜山的数百口探井资料的综合整理与分析,开展了潜山地层与断裂系统的精细解析,整体揭示了潜山的三维地质结构。研究表明,冀中坳陷内发育长城系底、寒武系底、石炭系底、中生界底、古近系底和新近系底6个区域性不整合面,据此,在纵向上划分出7个构造层。冀中坳陷内切穿潜山顶面的断裂按其走向可以分为NE、NW 和近EW 向3 组。其中,NE 向断层最为发育,NW向断层多发育于坳陷中部偏东。以近EW 向的徐水-安新断层和衡水断层为界,将冀中坳陷分为北、中、南3 段,各段的构造样式存在明显的差异。从潜山成因类型的角度出发,根据潜山的地层组成、构造演化、控山断层及潜山本身几何学特征等因素,在坳陷内划分出42个潜山构造带,并详细总结了重点潜山带的发育特征。前中生代的构造-沉积演化为潜山的发育奠定了良好的物质基础,印支运动和燕山运动早期的挤压事件对潜山地层有着明显的改造作用,晚侏罗世以来的多期伸展控制了坳陷内不同成因类型潜山的形成-调整-定型过程。     

沙尘暴对天山托木尔峰青冰滩72号冰川环境的影响

基于沙尘暴发生前后在天山托木尔峰青冰滩72号冰川末端采集的7个大气气溶胶样品和在水文断面采集的9个融水径流样品,探讨了沙尘暴事件对天山冰川区大气环境和水环境的影响。结果表明,Ca²⁺和SO₄^2-是青冰滩72号冰川大气和融水径流的主要离子,当沙尘暴发生时,这两种介质中的离子浓度显著升高,而且升高存在同时性。由于影响因素不同,浓度随时间变化的趋势不同,大气环境对沙尘事件的响应能力强,水环境则对温度变化的响应能力更强。通过相关性分析和主成分分析认为,青冰滩72号冰川大气中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Na⁺、K⁺、Cl^-和SO₄^2-主要以自然源为主;NO₃^-和NH₄⁺则以人为源为主。轨迹分析发现,由源于东欧、西伯利亚经中亚南下的冷气团引发的大风降温天气以及区域沙尘暴对冰川区环境有显著影响。     

Competition policies for water environment technology imports in China

This paper analyzes the current state of water environment protections in China and explores the need for technology imports in this field. Few studies have discussed the import of water environment technologies in China. In particular, there is a lack of research on the competition policies of technology-importing countries. Based on the retrieval and analysis of technology patents in the water environment field, as well as the research on relevant competition policies, this paper indicates that China shall import and learn about related technologies from developed countries, such as the US and the EU. In addition, China ought to pay more attention to relevant EU competition policies. The relationship between water environment protections and EU market competition policies could serve as a reference for green exemption practices in Chinese anti-trust law. Lastly, this paper analyzes China’s relevant competition policy. It is also helpful for potential foreign investors to understand the transparent institutional framework.     

Pressure transient analysis of multi-fractured horizontal wells in tight oil reservoirs with consideration of stress sensitivity

Multi-fractured horizontal well (MFHW) is an effective technique to develop unconventional reservoirs. Complex fracture network around the well and hydraulic fractures is formed during the fracturing process. Fracture network and hydraulic fractures are the main seepage channel which is sensitivity to the effective stress. However, most of the existing models do not take the effect of stress sensitivity into account. In this study, a new analytical model was established for MFHW in tight oil reservoirs based on the trilinear flow model. Fractal porosity and permeability were employed to describe the heterogeneous distribution of the complex fracture network, and the stress sensitivity of fracture was considered in the model. The Pedrosa substitution and perturbation method were applied to eliminate the nonlinearity of the model. By using the Laplace transformation method, the analytical solutions in Laplace domain were obtained. Then, validations were performed to show that the model is valid. Finally, sensitivity analysis was discussed. The presented model provides a new approach to the estimation of fracturing effect and can be also utilized for recognizing formation properties of tight oil reservoirs.     

中国剑龙类的发展史和演化

剑龙类恐龙是一类长有骨板的中-大型有甲类恐龙。其最明显的特征是从颈部到尾部沿背脊有两列直立的骨板,呈对称或交错排列。已知最早的剑龙类恐龙发现于中侏罗世的欧洲和中国,在侏罗纪末期剑龙类迅速繁衍,在全球都有分布,但随后在白垩纪早期开始消亡。中国至今所发现的剑龙类恐龙化石有几十个个体材料,发表的属种共计9属10种,分别为嘉陵龙、乌尔禾龙、芒康龙、营山龙、华阳龙、沱江龙、重庆龙、巨棘龙,将军龙。从地层分布、头部、腰带、肢骨比值和骨板几个特征来看,中国剑龙类应该有一个从华阳龙-重庆龙-巨棘龙-沱江龙-营山龙-芒康龙-乌尔禾龙的演化过程。     

湖北省县域交通和经济发展空间格局与耦合

在湖北省县域交通优势度和经济发展水平综合测度的基础上,采用洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数、空间自相关等方法探究交通、经济发展的均衡性及空间集聚效益,计算其耦合协调度,根据两者相对发展度进行交通经济发展类型的划分。结果表明,湖北省县域交通优势度呈现出以武汉、襄阳和宜昌为核心的格局,西部山区交通优势度较低;县域经济以武汉市和宜昌市为核心,武汉市周边形成圈层状递减结构;各县市区交通优势度相对平均,交通发展均衡性优于经济发展;县域交通优势度和经济发展水平均呈正空间自相关,两者的高值聚集区和低值聚集区存在明显的空间重叠;湖北省交通与经济耦合度整体较高,协调性相对较低,绝大多数县市区交通优势未得到充分发挥。湖北省各县市区应充分发挥交通优势,促进经济快速发展。     

基于面向对象的海水养殖模式遥感提取研究

不同海水养殖模式用地面积的获取是海水养殖区域进行合理规划、长期稳定发展的基础性工作之一。本文以广东省柘林湾海水养殖区为实验区,采用面向对象遥感分类方法实现了对3种海水养殖模式的分类提取,研究结果表明:面向对象的海水养殖模式遥感分类结果精度为83.87%,较监督分类提取精度提高了9.61%;此方法对塘埂的剔除效果较明显,且能有效对不同池塘养殖模式进行分类。     

应用Landsat7 ETM+遥感影像进行区域生态环境评价

在对生态环境评价方法的理论研究基础上,利用Landsat7ETM+遥感影像,结合数字高程模型,提取相关生态因子,进而进行生态环境评价,并利用该方法建立了山东省威海市2002年生态环境评价体系。评价结果表明:威海市生态环境质量等级为优,非常适和居住。