青藏高原新生代两类超钾质岩石的成因——实验岩石学和地球化学约束

青藏高原分布有羌塘—囊谦—滇西和冈底斯两条新生代钾质-超钾质火山岩带。羌塘—囊谦—滇西超钾质岩浆活动的峰值时间为40～30Ma,主体岩石具有Ⅰ型超钾质岩的高MgO和低CaO、Al2O3含量特征;30～24Ma期间羌塘中、西部出现Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆活动,主体岩石以贫SiO2、高CaO、Al2O3和低MgO/CaO为特征。冈底斯新生代超钾质火山岩也显示I型超钾质岩的高MgO和低CaO、Al2O3含量特征,其形成时间为25～12Ma。综合超钾质岩石的实验资料,可知区内I型超钾质岩的源区以富硅、富钾流(熔)体交代形成的金云母方辉橄榄岩为主;Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆源区则以斜辉橄榄岩地幔为主。囊谦—滇西Ⅰ型超钾质岩带空间上严格受红河走滑构造带所控制,40～28Ma出现I型超钾质岩浆活动,16Ma转变为OIB型钾质火山岩。岩浆源区从岩石圈地幔向软流圈演变,暗示大型走滑断裂引起的岩石圈地幔减薄和软流圈上涌是导致交代岩石圈地幔金云母分解熔融产生区内I型超钾质岩浆的主控因素。羌塘中部35～34Ma有软流圈来源为主的钠质碱性玄武岩岩浆的喷发,30～24Ma转变为以岩石圈地幔为主要来源的Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆活动,岩浆源区从软流圈向岩石圈迁移,指示软流圈上涌伴随的富CO2流(熔)体活动是导致古交代岩石圈地幔升温熔融产生Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆的主控因素,软流圈上涌可能是俯冲板片断离或岩石圈地幔拆沉作用的结果。     

High-Pressure Behavior of Copper Carbonate: Data from Malachite

Abstract: In-situ high-pressure energy dispersive X-ray diffraction experiments of malachite have been performed using diamond anvil cell and synchrotron radiation. The highest recorded pressure is up to 17.4 GPa. The experimental results reveal that malachite experienced two phase transitions at 0.7 and 7.8 GPa, and the last one is reversible.     

The origin of refractory minerals in comet 81P/Wild 2

Refractory Ti-bearing minerals in the calcium-, aluminum-rich inclusion (CAI) Inti, recovered from the comet 81P/Wild 2 sample, were examined using analytical (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (STEM) methods including imaging, nanodiffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Inti fassaite (Ca(Mg,Ti,Al)(Si,Al)₂O₆) was found to have a Ti³⁺/Ti⁴⁺ ratio of 2.0 ± 0.2, consistent with fassaite in other solar system CAIs. The oxygen fugacity (logf_O2) of formation estimated from this ratio, assuming equilibration among phases at 1509 K, is −19.4 ± 1.3. This value is near the canonical solar nebula value (−18.1 ± 0.3) and in close agreement with that reported for fassaite-bearing Allende CAIs (−19.8 ± 0.9) by other researchers using the same assumptions. Nanocrystals of osbornite (Ti(V)N), 2–40 nm in diameter, are embedded as inclusions within gehlenite, spinel and diopside in Inti. Vanadium is heterogeneously distributed within some osbornite crystals. Compositions range from pure TiN to Ti_0.36V_0.64N. The possible presence of oxide and carbide in solid solution with the osbornite was evaluated. The osbornite may contain O, but C is not present at detectable levels. The presence of osbornite, likely a refractory early condensate, together with the other refractory minerals in Inti, indicates that the parent comet contains solids that condensed closer to the proto-sun than the distance at which the parent comet itself accreted. The estimated oxygen fugacity and the reported isotopic and chemical compositions are consistent with Inti originating in the inner solar system like other meteoritic CAIs. These results provide insight for evaluating the validity of models of radial mass transport dynamics in the early solar system. The oxidation environments inferred for the Inti mineral assemblage are inconsistent with an X-wind formation scenario. In contrast, radial mixing models that allow accretion of components from different heliocentric distances can satisfy the observations from the cometary CAI Inti.     

Characterization of marine microplankton communities of Qingdao coastal areas using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA（RAPD）

Microplankton communities of three coastal sites of Qingdao, Shandong Province, China were investigated using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) molecular markers and morphological observations. Eight RAPD-primers were selected to amplify the DNA polymorphy. The genetic distances inferred from the pairwise similari-ties were calculated for the phylogenetic tree construction. Meantime, the traditional microscopic determination, a way of visualizing the species composition, was performed to detect the major taxa of microplanktons from all samples. Results showed that: (1) the band sharing index values were in the range of 0. 504 2-0. 763 2 among samples from the same sampling site at different time scales, while 0.406 5-0.685 7 among the samples from different stations at the same time scales, indicating that spatial variations of microplankton communities were more pronounced than temporal ones; (2) samples from the same station basically clustered together, cor-responding to the geographic distribution of the sampling sites; (3) diversity derived from genetic and morpho-logical data did not correspond with each other well.     

A baroclinic typhoon model with a moving multi-nested grid and variational adjustment initialization Ⅱ. Forecast experiments

INTRODUCTIONBeingoneofthemestdisastrousweathersystemsinfluencingthesoutheaStcoastofChinainsurnmerandautumn,typhoonsalsocausestrongstormsUrgeSandseawavesI'eSultinginsevereoceandisasters,whichthreaten~theasternChina'sagriculture,navigation,offshoreoila...     

利用地质雷达探测青岛港木质高桩码头承台完整性

利用EKKO－100型探地雷达对青岛港木质高桩码头承台完整性进行探测，结合现场钻探、孔内波速测试、岩样分析测试，进一步对码头的工程性状进行了分析和评价。     

通用型地震前兆通讯控制软件的研制和应用

针对目前"九五"仪器数据采集工作中遇到的问题,应用Visual Basic编制通用型地震前兆通讯控制软件.其主要特点是,微机不需安装通讯控制卡,RS-232串口或网口均可,网络对时服务,并结合日常工作要求新增部分功能.结果发现,效果良好.     

福建沿海沉积物中硫化物的分布

测定了福建沿海１７９个表层沉积物样品中硫化物的含量，潮间带含量范围为２．５０—１５２．０３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１，浅海含量范围为２．５０—２９１．９７ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１。     

Numerical sea ice prediction in China

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藻类磷酸甘露糖异构酶基因的序列结构特点及系统进化分析

磷酸甘露糖异构酶基因(phosphomannose isomerase,PMI)编码磷酸甘露糖异构酶(PMI),可逆催化甘露糖-6-磷酸和果糖-6-磷酸之间的相互转化,在GDP-D-甘露糖的合成中起重要的作用,后者是生物体合成糖蛋白和糖脂必需的前体物质。本文根据在Genbank中已经登录的部分藻类PMI基因序列,与部分细菌、真菌、植物和动物的PMI基因序列做比较,研究其进化趋势和规律及其基因结构,为以后在大型藻类中研究该基因奠定基础。系统进化分析表明,藻类的PMI基因有2个进化方向,绿藻类的PMI基因与高等植物的进化趋势一致;而杂色藻类(硅藻和褐藻)则单独形成一个进化分支。多序列比对表明,磷酸甘露糖异构酶蛋白有3个保守区,其中有4个氨基酸残基位点是金属离子结合位点,分别为2个Glu和2个His。对部分藻类的PMI基因进行结构分析表明:在比较低等的藻类中,PMI基因没有内含子插入,而较高等的藻类中则有不同数目和长度的内含子插入。对部分藻类PMI基因的生物信息学分析结果显示,PMI基因编码的蛋白为酸性蛋白,分子量在40到60kDa之间;二级结构中均以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主;三级结构与二级结构相吻合。