古龙油田葡萄花油层断层封闭性分析

古龙油田断层极为发育,断层的封闭性对研究区油气的运聚起着重要的控制作用,研究断层封闭性有利于预测油气成藏的有利部位。从断层类型、几何特征和埋深对研究区断层封闭性开展地质定性分析,重点从断层两盘岩性对置、泥岩涂抹和应力对断层封闭性进行了定量分析,研究典型断层的封闭演化史。结果表明,古龙油田葡萄花油层一级断层和三级断层封闭性较好,二级断层封闭性一般;平面上鼻状构造断层封闭性好于向斜断层封闭性,其中龙南鼻状构造断层封闭性最好。      

Integrated Water Systems Model for Terrestrial Water Cycle Simulation

The terrestrial water cycle is influenced by a wide range of climatic variables and human disturbances. In the era of the Anthropocene, when humans drive the changes in atmospheric and hydrological processes in river basins, there is an urgent need to include human impacts in the study of the terrestrial water cycle. This paper focused on the large-scale hydrological modeling which takes account of human impacts, reviewed the research progress of the natural and human-induced changes in the terrestrial water cycle and the development of comprehensive terrestrial hydrological models in recent years, and proposed that an integrated water system model with human-related processes such as crop water demand model, engineering regulation and social water demand, be the key to large-scale water cycle simulations under changing environment. Based on the existing large-scale land surface hydrological model, there is a need to put forward the integration of the human-related processes. A comprehensive integrated water system model that considers multi-processes can help us to understand the key mechanisms of how climate change and human activity influence the regional water cycle. It also provides a theoretical and practical basis for investigating the causes and effects of changes in terrestrial water cycle under a changing environment, and thus offers scientific support for climate change adaptation in the water sector.     

动力方程求解的显式积分格式对数值模拟波动特性的影响分析

基于李小军等提出的显式积分格式应用于波动有限元模拟时的递推形式,重新定义了波动传递函数;以一维均匀离散体系为模型,对给出的传递函数进行了理论推导和求解,并通过数值试验验证了其正确性;通过对传递函数的分析研究,探讨了这种显式积分格式对离散网格中波动传播规律包括截止频率、频散现象和能量耗散等方面的影响．以期为该显式积分格式在波动问题求解中的应用提供更详细的理论参考．      

固化风沙土强度特性及固化机制试验研究

通过PX固化剂对库布其沙漠风沙土进行加固。对不同含水状态、不同固化剂掺量、不同养护龄期下固化风沙土的强度特性进行试验研究。试验结果表明,不同含水状态下风沙土的强度特性是不同的,相同固化剂掺量、相同养护龄期时,固化风沙土在最优含水率下的无侧限抗压强度远远大于饱和含水率下的强度。相同含水状态下固化风沙土无侧限抗压强度随固化剂掺量增加、养护龄期延长而增大,且在养护初期强度增长较快,当固化剂掺量为8 %、养护龄期为28 d时,固化风沙土强度满足国际上对固沙强度的要求。最优含水率下固化风沙土抗剪强度较风沙土有较大提高;当固化剂掺量为8 %时,固化风沙土凝聚力和内摩擦角均达到最大,此时固化风沙土抗剪强度约为风沙土的1.8倍。进而,通过扫描电镜对风沙土固化前后微观结构变化进行试验研究。研究结果表明,风沙土中掺入PX固化剂后,颗粒间由原来的弱连接变为胶结连接,解释了固化风沙土较风沙土强度得以提高、稳定性得以改善的内在原因。     

全球变化与陆地系统综合集成模拟——新一代陆地生态系统动态模型(DLEM)

人类社会从陆地生态系统获取生产和生活资料的同时也作为一种干扰形式改变着地气之间的动态平衡。这三个既独立又相互耦合的子系统共同组成了一个复杂的陆地系统。如何深入理解这一系统的过程和机制是人类应对气候变化挑战的前提条件。陆地生态系统模型作为一种集成工具,已广泛应用于全球变化研究的各个领域,但从输入数据到模型结构和过程等诸多方面仍存在很大的不确定性。近年来,随着大气和地面生态观测网络的不断完善以及遥感等空间技术的不断强大,使陆地生态系统模型进一步发展和突破成为可能。新一代多因子驱动的陆地生态系统动态模型(DynamicL and Ecosystem Model,DLEM)正是在这一背景下应运而生的。本文旨在介绍DLEM的主体框架、输入输出变量、关键过程、主要功能和特点。     

Protection of seismic structures using semi‐active friction TMD

Although the design and applications of linear tuned mass damper (TMD) systems are well developed, nonlinear TMD systems are still in the developing stage. Energy dissipation via friction mechanisms is an effective means for mitigating the vibration of seismic structures. A friction‐type TMD, i.e. a nonlinear TMD, has the advantages of energy dissipation via a friction mechanism without requiring additional damping devices. However, a passive‐friction TMD (PF‐TMD) has such disadvantages as a fixed and pre‐determined slip load and may lose its tuning and energy dissipation abilities when it is in the stick state. A novel semi‐active‐friction TMD (SAF‐TMD) is used to overcome these disadvantages. The proposed SAF‐TMD has the following features. (1) The frictional force of the SAF‐TMD can be regulated in accordance with system responses. (2) The frictional force can be amplified via a braking mechanism. (3) A large TMD stroke can be utilized to enhance control performance. A non‐sticking friction control law, which can keep the SAF‐TMD activated throughout an earthquake with an arbitrary intensity, was applied. The performance of the PF‐TMD and SAF‐TMD systems in protecting seismic structures was investigated numerically. The results demonstrate that the SAF‐TMD performs better than the PF‐TMD and can prevent a residual stroke that may occur in a PF‐TMD system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

风沙环境下沙漠路基风蚀破坏数值模拟研究

基于Fluent气固两相流,运用 湍流模型,对风沙环境下沙漠路基的风蚀破坏规律进行数值模拟研究。分析路基不同横断面下风沙流扰动、增速、减速、恢复的过程,以及路基障碍物的存在对风沙流扰动后造成的风速减弱区和恢复区,总结路基坡面特征点的风速变化规律,与现场实测结果作比较,二者具有很好的一致性。研究结果表明,不同路基横断面下风速减弱区和恢复区的分布对路基高度变化敏感,受边坡坡率的影响较小,不同路基高度、不同边坡坡率下路基沿程风速变化明显不同。边坡坡率一定,随路基高度的增加,路基周围流场扰动被增强,迎风坡坡顶风速增大显著,背风坡坡底风速下降愈明显;路基高度一定时,边坡坡率越小,路基沿程风速变化越平缓。当边坡坡率为1:3时,路基模型高度由1m增加到3 m时,迎风坡坡顶风速增加12%,背风坡坡底风速降低约80%。建议为避免沙漠路基的风蚀破坏,路基高度不宜太大,边坡坡率较小为宜。     

A new SPH-based approach to simulation of granular flows using viscous damping and stress regularisation

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was recently extended to simulate granular materials by the authors and demonstrated to be a powerful continuum numerical method to deal with the post-flow behaviour of granular materials. However, most existing SPH simulations of granular flows suffer from significant stress oscillation during the post-failure process, despite the use of an artificial viscosity to damp out stress fluctuation. In this paper, a new SPH approach combining viscous damping with stress/strain regularisation is proposed for simulations of granular flows. It is shown that the proposed SPH algorithm can improve the overall accuracy of the SPH performance by accurately predicting the smooth stress distribution during the post-failure process. It can also effectively remove the stress oscillation issue in the standard SPH model without having to use the standard SPH artificial viscosity that requires unphysical parameters. The predictions by the proposed SPH approach show very good agreement with experimental and numerical results reported in the literature. This suggests that the proposed method could be considered as a promising continuum alternative for simulations of granular flows.     

北京西山下苇甸地区青白口系长龙山组沉积相及层序地层研究*

北京西山下苇甸地区出露良好的青白口系长龙山组,笔者通过实测野外露头剖面以及岩石薄片镜下鉴定,对该组下部沉积相及层序地层进行研究,并对沉积环境演化进行分析。识别出长龙山组下部8种岩石类型有含砾砂岩、羽状交错层理砂岩、丘状交错层理砂岩、波状层理粉砂岩、脉状层理粉砂岩、透镜状层理粉砂岩、碳质泥岩以及水平层理泥岩;并识别出辫状河道、潮坪(潮道)、潮下浅水及潮下深水等沉积相类型,建立该区辫状河—滨岸潮坪沉积模式。进而通过识别长龙山组与其下伏地层之间的区域不整合面和下切谷河道充填砂砾岩底面确定层序界面。其中,初始海泛面以每个砂体之上覆盖的细粒沉积的底面为代表,最大海泛面以厚层碳质泥岩及水平层理泥岩的底面为代表。依据这些关键层序地层界面,将该区长龙山组下部划分为3个层序,每个层序内部进一步划分为低位体系域、海侵体系域以及高位体系域。综合分析表明,京西的长龙山组发育于由燕辽裂陷槽转为华北稳定克拉通的过渡期。