泥河湾盆地井儿洼剖面揭示的47～25 ka BP期间的气候环境演化

利用泥河湾盆地井儿洼剖面孢粉、粒度、碳酸盐含量、介形类壳体的δ18O及δ13C等多种环境代用指标,对泥河湾盆地47～25kaBP期间的古气候环境特征进行了探讨。结果表明,47～39kaBP期间,植被生长稀疏,降水较少,气候冷干。39～30kaBP期间,森林植被发育,入湖的粗颗粒物质增多,表明降水较多。同时介形类的大量繁殖造成碳酸盐含量的显著增高,以及介形类壳体δ18O和δ13C相对偏负,说明当时湖水的水热组合适宜,气候总体暖湿。自30kaBP开始,气候逐步恶化;25kaBP左右,井儿洼剖面沉积中断,气候转为冷干。总体而言,39～30kaBP期间,泥河湾盆地的气候暖湿,其暖湿的气候特征与青藏高原和西北地区的气候具有较好的一致性。     

Hyperstatic reaction method for calculations of tunnels with horseshoe-shaped cross-section under the impact of earthquakes

Tunnels are now an integral part of the infrastructure in major cities around the world. For many reasons, these tunnels have horseshoe-shaped cross-sections with round top and flat bottom. This paper presents some improvements to the use of the Hyperstatic Reaction Method-HRM for analysing tunnels with horseshoe-shaped cross-sections when these tunnels operate under the influence of earthquakes, particularly in cases when the tunnel lining is a continuous lining. The analysis used parameters of a tunnel from the Hanoi metro system, as well as parameters of the strongest earthquake that may occur in the central Hanoi area in the improved HRM and 2 D numerical methods using the ABAQUS software. On the basis of the results obtained, the paper gives conclusions about the HRM methodology when it is used to calculate tunnels that have horseshoe cross-sections operating under the influence of earthquakes.     

Kaitianite,Ti3+2Ti4+O5, a new titanium oxide mineral from Allende

Kaitianite, Ti³⁺₂Ti⁴⁺O₅, is a new titanium oxide mineral discovered in the Allende CV3 carbonaceous chondrite. The type grain coexists with tistarite (Ti₂O₃) and rutile. Corundum, xifengite, mullite, osbornite, and a new Ti,Al,Zr‐oxide mineral are also present, although not in contact. The chemical composition of type kaitianite is (wt%) Ti₂O₃ 56.55, TiO₂ 39.29, Al₂O₃ 1.18, MgO 1.39, FeO 0.59, V₂O₃ 0.08 (sum 99.07), yielding an empirical formula of (Ti³⁺_1.75Al_0.05Ti⁴⁺_0.10Mg_0.08Fe_0.02)(Ti⁴⁺_1.00)O₅, with Ti³⁺ and Ti⁴⁺ partitioned, assuming a stoichiometry of three cations and five oxygen anions pfu. The end‐member formula is Ti³⁺₂Ti⁴⁺O₅. Kaitianite is the natural form of γ‐Ti₃O₅ with space group C2/c and cell parameters a = 10.115 Å, b = 5.074 Å, c = 7.182 Å, β = 112°, V = 341.77 Å³, and Z = 4. Both the type kaitianite and associated rutile likely formed as oxidation products of tistarite at temperatures below 1200 K, but this oxidation event could have been in a very reducing environment, even more reducing than a gas of solar composition. Based on experimental data on the solubility of Ti³⁺ in equilibrium with corundum from the literature, the absence of tistarite in or on Ti³⁺‐rich corundum (0.27–1.45 mol% Ti₂O₃) suggests that these grains formed at higher temperatures than the kaitianite (>1579–1696 K, depending on the Ti concentration). The absence of rutile or kaitianite in or on corundum suggests that any exposure to the oxidizing environment producing kaitianite in tistarite was too short to cause the precipitation of Ti‐oxides in or on associated corundum.     

Stone cover and slope factors influencing hillside surface runoff and infiltration: laboratory investigation

In this study, laboratory rainfall simulation in an extensive area was used to study the infiltration, and interception and storage from surface runoff in points with different stone cover percentages (0, 10, 20 and 30%) and slopes (5°, 10° and 20°). The experimental results of this study showed that the interrelationships among the slope, stone cover percentage, groundwater level, surface runoff amount, and interception and storage of the ponds were varied and irregular. No systematic patterns were detected for the change in the groundwater level, surface runoff amount, and interception and storage of the ponds with different stone cover percentages at different slopes and no threshold values were apparent. For a 5° slope, if the stone cover percentage was increased, the amount of surface runoff was reduced, the infiltration and the groundwater level experienced no significant change, and the interception and storage of the ponds increased. For a 10° slope, if the stone cover percentage was increased, the amount of surface runoff increased, the infiltration decreased, the groundwater level experienced no significant change or decreased slightly at certain points, and the interception and storage of the ponds increased. For a 20° slope, if the stone cover percentage was increased, the amount of runoff increased, the infiltration decreased, the groundwater level experienced no significant change or decreased slightly at certain points, and the interception and storage of the ponds increased. With or without stone cover, when the hydraulic conductivity of the top material is close to that of fine sand or laterite, an increase in the slope gradient decreased the amount of surface runoff and increased the storage amount of the ponds. As for the stone distribution, an interlaced style showed better performance in the interception and storage of ponds than that of a regular style. There was no significant change in the groundwater level. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

直立防波堤振动──滑移运动分析的模型和方法

建立了一个动力系统模型及相应分析方法,对破碎波冲击作用下直立式防波堤的振动-滑移运动过程进行数值模拟,预测特殊波浪力作用下防波堤可能出现的滑移量.用本文模型和方法对一沉箱防波堤在破碎波作用下的运动过程进行了计算,并分析了沿基床顶面的滑移对沉箱位移、摇摆角、滑移力和倾覆力矩的影响.     

我国导航与位置服务的进展及思考

导航与位置服务是继移动通信、移动互联网之后又一发展非常迅速的新兴信息产业。本文首先详细分析了导航与位置服务产业的发展现状及其特点,探讨了导航与位置服务产业链及其产业布局的构成。然后,根据该产业的特点,进一步阐述了导航与位置服务产业发展的前沿技术及趋势;这些前沿技术涉及协同精密定位、社会感知与计算、与5G相融合的通导一体化、与无人机器人相融合的智能导航等。最后,以服务于国家现代化发展重大需求为导向,给出了我国导航与位置服务产业发展的一些思考,主要包括关键技术推广、人才培养、重大战略规划、核心芯片与软件平台、标准制定等5个方面。     

蚁群-势场算法在水下重力辅助导航航迹规划中的应用

水下潜器航迹处于重力特征变化明显的适配区域才能保证重力辅助导航的有效实施,因此在重力匹配导航阶段,潜器的航迹规划至关重要。本文首先依据重力统计特征参数对水下潜器航行区域进行适配性划分,并给出适配、非适配区标签;然后在蚁群算法进行航迹规划的基础上引入人工势场算法,重新构建启发函数,避免了蚁群算法的局部最优问题;同时利用最大-最小蚁群系统改进算法信息素更新规则,防止了"早熟"现象发生。仿真试验结果表明,本文提出的蚁群-势场算法可以有效解决水下潜器在重力辅助导航中的航迹优化问题,提高了问题解的可行性。     

一种用于运动姿态评估的视觉伺服机器人

针对人们在运动中出现的姿态不标准且无人监督指导等问题,本文设计了一种用于运动姿态评估的视觉伺服机器人。这款机器人首先通过一种带有注意力机制的目标跟踪算法对运动目标进行跟踪,并与机器人的伺服电机结构协同工作以调整摄像头的角度,从而实现对在特定区域内运动的目标进行跟踪拍摄。然后由其姿态评估系统提取运动姿态,并与标准姿态进行比对评估。经验证,该机器人对人体运动姿态的质量高低具有较高的区分度,能对用户的多种姿态给予有效的评价,从而实现运动辅助及康复训练指导的目的。     

绿潮浒苔具有广泛底物特异性的二酰基甘油酰基转移酶1的功能研究

三酰基甘油(甘油三酯)是生物体内主要的碳和能量储存形式,也是细胞膜和信号分子的重要组成部分,它们在多种生理过程和环境胁迫响应中发挥重要作用。酰基辅酶A:二酰基甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT)催化真核生物甘油三酯合成途径中最后一步和唯一的酰基化步骤。本研究从绿潮浒苔中鉴定并获得了一个新的二酰基甘油酰基转移酶UpDGAT1基因,并在酿酒酵母甘油三酯缺失合成四重突变体中通过异源表达验证了该基因的功能。薄层色谱和BODIPY染色结果表明,浒苔UpDGAT1基因能够恢复酵母中甘油三酯的合成和脂质体的形成。酵母细胞的脂肪酸组成分析显示,浒苔UpDGAT1具有广泛的底物特异性,可接受饱和、单不饱和和多不饱和酰基辅酶A作为底物。高盐度和高温胁迫增加了浒苔UpDGAT1基因的表达和浒苔甘油三酯的积累。本研究为进一步解析UpDGAT1在浒苔甘油三酯积累和胁迫响应中的作用提供了基础。     

东黄海星康吉鳗渔业生物学特性研究

Whitespotted conger Conger myriaster is a commercially important species in the seas around China, Korea and Japan. The coastal waters of China serve as an important feeding ground for congers, but the spatio-temporal variations in the fishery and biological characteristics of the population have been rarely evaluated and less well understood in this area. We studied the growth, spawning and feeding characteristics of C. myriaster on the basis of samples collected from October 2016 to April 2017 in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. A total of 529 specimens were collected, with ages ranging from 1 to 6 years and total length ranging from 132 mm to 834 mm.The parameters of von Bertalanffy growth equation L_∞ and k were 1 026 mm and 0.226 a~(–1), respectively; the sex ratio was 88:0(female: male) in the East China Sea and 2.67:1 in the South Yellow Sea; the development stage of ovary ranged from peri-nucleolus stage to secondary yolk globule stage, and the testis of two males was at midmeiotic stage; Crustacean was the major prey for conger of small length, and food source shift to fish with somatic growth. The results showed substantial differences from previous studies in Japan and Korean waters, as well as from China seas in the 1980 s, suggesting potential spatiotemporal changes in the biological characteristics of C.myriaster. This study may improve current understanding of the fishery biology of C. myriaster in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.