Distribution and Variability of the Meiobenthic Assemblages near the Korean Polymetallic Nodule Claim Area of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Subequatorial NE Pacific)

This study was carried out as part of a baseline long-term environmental project in the proposed mining areas for an environmental impact assessment of future mining in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ). The community structure and distributional pattern of meiobenthos were investigated in the deep-sea bottom of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone of the northeastern Pacific in July 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003 and August 2004, 2005. Twenty one meiobenthic groups were found at the stations in the study area. The most abundant meiobenthos comprised nematodes followed by benthic foraminiferans and harpacticoid copepods. The maximum density of meiobenthos was 306 ind/10 cm² at the station located at 11°N (water depth, 4833 m), and the minimum density was 6 ind/10 cm² at the station located at 14°N (water depth, 5037 m). Oligotrophic conditions in the CCFZ seem to directly reflect the lower standing stocks of meiobenthos in the CCFZ compared to other deep-sea plains of similar depth. The latitudinal distribution pattern of meiobenthos in the study area seemed to be related with surface water primary productivity, which was connected to the water circulation pattern of the Pacific Ocean near the Equator, diverging at 8ºN latitude and converging at 5°N. The horizontal distribution of meiobenthic organisms in the study area showed high densities at the stations within 135–136°W. The densities of meiobenthic organismas within the CCFZ were high at stations with few manganese nodules on the sediment surface at low-latitude sites. In 1998, the observed relative high values of meiobenthic abundance were at stations from 5° to 6°N. Other stations from 7° to 10°N showed no significant fluctuations during the interannual sampling periods. It is considered that the inter-annual fluctuation of meiobenthos abundance is intimately related with a regime shift that may have occurred in the north Pacific between 1998 and 1999, the El Niño period. Vertical distribution of meiobenthic organisms showed the highest individual numbers in the surface sediment layers of 0～2 cm depth and a steep decreasing trend as sediment becomes deeper at the stations of high latitude located in 16～17°N. Size distribution analyses showed that organisms that fit into the sieve mesh size of 0.063 mm were abundant.     

智能高精地图数据逻辑结构与关键技术

以车辆自动驾驶、无人驾驶为研究对象,讨论定义了智能高精地图,认为智能高精地图作为未来出行的关键一环,是交通资源全时空实时感知的载体和交通工具全过程运行管控的依据。智能高精地图作为一种全新的地图形式,与传统导航电子地图相比,在地图学理论和应用需求等方面有其鲜明特点。为推动智能高精地图研究与应用进展,需要对其关键特征与问题展开分析讨论。本文从地图学理论上提出智能高精地图信息传输模型;从实际应用上结合轮式机器人自主智能控制流程,提出智能高精地图数据逻辑结构,并分析其在自动驾驶中的应用;从计算模式上总结“众包+边云协同计算”计算模式,并针对如何提高众包数据质量的问题,开展关键技术分析;从应用场景上分析未来智能高精地图的有效应用场景;最后提出对本领域未来发展的一些思考与建议。     

联合统计信息与散射模型的GF-5 AHSI可见光影像薄云校正

针对高分五号可见短波红外高光谱相机AHSI (visible-shortwave infrared Advanced HyperSpectral Imager)可见光波段存在的薄云干扰,本文提出了一种联合统计信息与散射模型的校正方法。利用AHSI影像邻近波段间地表与云雾辐射的统计差异,实现对不同场景下相对薄云辐射RCR (Relative Cloud Radiance)的准确估计。基于此,根据不同波段的散射特性,分别利用分级暗目标统计和散射模型约束策略,获取可见光波段的绝对云辐射强度,最终实现影像校正。通过设置模拟与真实实验对方法的有效性和鲁棒性进行目视和定量检验。模拟实验中,可见光波段内的薄云干扰均可被有效地去除,校正结果与真实地表十分一致;此外,RMSE (RootMean-Square Error),MAE (Mean Absolute Error)和SA (Spectral Angle) 3个评价指标的值分别为1.9891,1.6822和0.4901,远小于对比方法。真实实验中,不同场景内的薄云可被有效抑制,在较为准确恢复降质地表信息的同时保持晴空区光谱特征;Q指数,SSIM (Structural Similarity Index)和UQI (Universal Quality Index)的计算结果优于对比方法。综上,本文提出方法可用于不同场景下高分五号AHSI影像可见光波段的薄云校正,可得到目视效果良好且光谱保真度高的校正结果。     

Evaluation of Diffraction Predictability in Two Phase Averaged Wave Models

Two different methods for incorporating diffraction effect into wave action balance equation based coastal spectral wave models, WABED and SWAN, are discussed and evaluated with respect to their formulations, numerical implementations, and modeling capabilities. Both models were run to simulate the wave transformation through a gap between two infinitely long breakwaters and that across an elliptical shoal observed in laboratory studies, with the emphasis laid on the diffraction induced by either obstacles or wave amplitude variations. Calculations of WABED were compared with Som-merfeld's analytical solutions, experimental observations and SWAN simulations. It is shown that both methods can predict reasonably wave difiraction for the two cases studied herein, and a fairly better performance is provided by WABED for stronger difiraction case.     

Mapping near-surface air temperature,pressure, relative humidity and wind speed over Mainland China with high spatiotemporal resolution

As part of a joint effort to construct an atmospheric forcing dataset for mainland China with high spatiotemporal reso- lution, a new approach is proposed to construct gridded near-surface temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and surface pressure with a resolution of 1 km× 1 km. The approach comprises two steps： （1） fit a partial thin-plate smoothing spline with orography and reanalysis data as explanatory variables to ground-based observations for estimating a trend surface; （2） apply a simple kriging procedure to the residual for trend surface correction. The proposed approach is applied to observations collected at approximately 700 stations over mainland China. The generated forcing fields are compared with the corresponding components of the National Centers for Environmental Predic- tion （NCEP） Climate Forecast System Reanalysis dataset and the Princeton meteorological forcing dataset. The comparison shows that, both within the station network and within the resolutions of the two gridded datasets, the interpolation errors of the proposed approach are markedly smaller than the two gridded datasets.     

A new weighting function for estimating microwave sounding unit channel 4 temperature trends simulated by CMIP5 climate models

A new static microwave sounding unit (MSU) channel 4 weighting function is obtained from using Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project, Phase 5 (CMIP5) historical multimodel simulations as inputs into the fast Radiative Transfer Model for TOVS (RTTOV v10). For the same CMIP5 model simulations, it is demonstrated that the computed MSU channel 4 brightness temperature (T4) trends in the lower stratosphere over both the globe and the tropics using the proposed weighting function are equivalent to those calculated by RTTOV, but show more cooling than those computed using the traditional UAH (University of Alabama at Huntsville) or RSS (Remote Sensing Systems in Santa Rosa, California) static weighting functions. The new static weighting function not only reduces the computational cost, but also reveals reasons why trends using a radiative transfer model are different from those using a traditional static weighting function. This study also shows that CMIP5 model simulated T4 trends using the traditional UAH or RSS static weighting functions show less cooling than satellite observations over the globe and the tropics. Although not completely removed, this difference can be reduced using the proposed weighting function to some extent, especially over the tropics. This work aims to explore the reasons for the trend differences and to see to what extent they are related to the inaccurate weighting functions. This would also help distinguish other sources for trend errors and thus better understand the climate change in the lower stratosphere.     

Spatial and vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Daya Bay, South China

The spatial and vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has been investigated in Daya Bay, China. The concentration of total OCPs in surface sediment range from 16.66 to 44.04ng/g dry weight with a mean concentration of 26.60ng/g. DDTs and HCHs were the predominant species. The ratios of (DDD+DDE)/DDT reflected a cocktail input pattern of fresh and weathered DDTs. The predominant alpha-HCH and the alpha/beta-HCH ratios indicated that the technical HCH contamination was mainly due to historical usage, although there was fresh input of lindane. The variation profiles of concentrations showed that OCPs were extensively applied between the late 1950s and early 1980s in China. A recent increasing trend in concentrations of DDTs and HCHs was found in both cores. The increasing ratios of (DDE+DDD)/DDT with corresponding decreases of DDE/DDT ratio implied that most of the DDTs deposited after their production ban were more likely "weathered" DDTs derived from soil residues.     

可扩展的并行地理图像处理系统

可扩展的并行地理图像处理系统 (Par GIP)是基于多操作系统平台的机群并行图像处理系统 ,它采取Client- Server结构 ,采用插件技术和算法化的处理操作 ,具有良好的发展前景.     

台风“烟花”对江苏地区台基噪声自相关函数卓越周期的影响

2021年第6号台风“烟花”是2021年度对江苏地区影响最强烈的台风。地震台站台基噪声是影响观测质量的关键因素,为了探究台风“烟花”对江苏地区地震台站台基噪声的影响,利用江苏地震台网2021年7月1日至8月3日记录的连续波形数据,通过计算波形自相关函数卓越周期与台基噪声水平的速度均方根有效振幅(RMS),研究其与台风参数之间的关系。结果表明：①在台风 “烟花”初始发育阶段,卓越周期由平时的2—4 s逐步上升到4—7 s,随着台风影响范围逐渐向陆地转移,卓越周期缓慢降低,随着台风完全登陆并不断减弱,卓越周期又恢复到正常水平;②在台风“烟花”的整个进程中,绝大多数台站的RMS值变化幅度不超过正常值的15%,各台站RMS值变化幅度在正常波动范围内。     

A Lunar-based Soft X-ray Imager(LSXI) for the Earth's magnetosphere

We propose to use the Moon as a platform to obtain a global view of Earth's magnetosphere by a Lunar-based Soft X-ray Imager(LSXI). LSXI is a wide field-of-view Soft X-ray telescope, which can obtain X-ray images of Earth's magnetosphere based on the solar wind charge exchange(SWCX) X-ray emission. Global perspective is crucial to understand the overall interaction of the solar wind with magnetosphere. LSXI is capable of continuously monitoring the evolution of geospace conditions under the impact of the solar wind by simultaneous observation of the bow shock, magnetosheath,magnetopause and cusps for the first time. This proposal is answering the call for the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program Phase IV.