应用地理信息进行无资料地区流域水文模拟研究

无资料或资料缺乏地区的流域径流模拟是水文学研究中的一个重要的课题.提出了应用地理信息系统分析流域的地理信息参数,进行降雨径流模拟的水文模型.该模型中,产流计算采用美国水土保持局(SCS)的径流曲线数法,流域汇流则采用经本文作者改进的三角形单位线.着重阐述了利用地理信息系统,从流域的地理信息中分析和确定模型参数,还简要介绍了该模型在爱尔兰Dodder河上的应用情况.     

The Indian Ocean’s asymmetric effect on the coupling of the Northwest Pacific SST and anticyclone anomalies during its spring–summer transition after El Niño

By comparing different climatologies in El Niño decaying summer with regard to the presence of Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) warming, we studied the effect of IOB warming on the Northwest Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and the coupling process with the surface wind. Zonal asymmetric coupling feedback in the west and east of the Northwest Pacific were caused by the asymmetric spring–summer transition of the background tropical atmospheric circulation. Although the westward wind anomaly caused by the remote effect of IOB warming is found in the whole Northwest Pacific, reversal of the mean background surface winds in the western part leads to negative wind-evaporation SST (WES), whereas sustained trade winds lead to positive WES in the eastern part. The east–west SST gradient resulting from this zonal asymmetric evolution of SST sets off more positive feedback that strengthens the local anticyclone easterly anomalies.     

地下介质横向变化的地震多尺度边缘检测技术

本文提出的地震多尺度边缘检测技术以坎尼最佳边缘检测准则和小波变换的多分辨分析为理论基础,能在地震记录上较方便而可靠地识别地下介质的横向变化。这些横向变化包括不能用肉眼在地震同相轴上直接发现而又实际存在的隐蔽特征。对地层尖灭,透镜体、岩性变化和孔洞、裂缝发育带均可进行识别。模型计算和实际地震资料的处理结果显示该方法具有实际应用价值     

华南二叠纪层序地层与盆地演化

新兴的层序地层学,是盆地分析的重要手段。华南二叠纪是华南板块海西-印支阶段盆地演化的重要时期,沉积盆地类型划分为克拉通盆地、板内及板缘伸展盆地,以及东吴运动后出现的前陆盆地和弧后盆地。南方二叠系由11个层序和1个半超层序组成,不同类型沉积盆地中层序地层具有不同的层序特征和充填形式。二叠纪是海西-印支期盆地演化由成熟到消亡的转折阶段,它们发育于扩张环境下,总体上是由两个克拉通盆地夹持一个伸展盆地。两个克拉通盆地的发展不均衡,中央伸展盆地沿着加里东的拼合带发育。这一古地理古构造格局与加里东期十分相似,由此认为,华南晚古生代沉积的构造背景,并不是稳定的克拉通环境。     

江淮入梅前后大气环流的演变特征和西太平洋副高北跳西伸的可能机制

该文首先采用合成分析的方法研究了江淮入梅前后大尺度大气环流的演变特征和西太平洋副热带高压西伸北跳的可能机制。研究结果表明, 江淮入梅前期的最显著的特征是:副热带高压首先在太平洋中部增强北跳, 而后向西扩展导致太平洋副高西部脊 (120°E) 的增强北跳。进一步分析表明, 在太平洋中部副热带高压的增强北跳和西伸之前, 副热带高压南侧ITCZ中对流和孟加拉湾北部的对流活动明显并且都经历了一次增强活跃过程, 这意味着热带ITCZ和孟加拉湾北部对流的异常活跃可能对副热带高压的增强北跳西伸产生影响。全球大气环流模式模拟结果表明, 赤道中太平洋ITCZ中对流异常活跃不仅可导致副热带高压的增强北移, 而且还可导致副热带高压西伸, 与诊断分析结果相一致。     

改进的能量守恒方法及其在CHAMP重力场恢复中的应用

An efficient method for gravity field determination from CHAMP orbits and accelerometer data is referred to as the energy balance approach. A new CHAMP gravity field recovery strategy based on the improved energy balance approach IS developed in this paper. The method simultaneously solves the spherical harmonic coefficients, daily Integration constant, scale and bias parameters. Two 60 degree and order gravitational potential models, XISM-CHAMPO1S from the classical energy balance approach, and XISM-CHAMPO2S from the improved energy balance, are determined using about one year＇s worth of CHAMP kinematic orbits from TUM and accelerometer data from GFZ. Comparisons among XISM-CHAMPO1S, XISM-CHAMPO2S, EIGEN-CGO3C, EIGEN-CHAMPO3S, EIGEN2, ENIGNIS and EGM96 are made. The results show that the XISM-CHAMPO2S model is more accurate than EGM96, EIGENIS, EIGEN2 and XISM-CHAMPO1S at the same degree and order, and has almost the same accuracy as EIGEN-CHAMPO3S.     

长三角地区民宿的空间分布及影响因素

近年来,民宿作为旅游业发展的新兴模式,日益受到关注,并呈现蓬勃发展状态。以民宿业发展最为成熟的长三角地区为研究对象,基于去哪儿网相关民宿数据,采用空间最邻近分析、密度分析等空间分析方法,研究民宿的空间分布格局与特征,并基于逐步回归分析,探讨影响民宿分布的因素,得出以下结论：① 长三角地区民宿呈现高度集聚的状态,整体上表现为多核心分布,并形成一、二、三级组团,密度由核心向外围递减。② 民宿集聚分布在经济较为发达的城市和核心景区周边,具有明显的中心性。③ 基于对经济基本状况、交通状况、人口条件、居民消费能力、旅游市场状况、旅游资源与环境条件等方面共15个影响因素分析,发现单位面积旅游收入、A级景区数量、人口密度、地区国内生产总值四个指标对民宿密度有显著正向影响,其中,影响力单位面积旅游收入>A级景区数量>人口密度>地区国内生产总值。     

Constraining the characters of the upper mantle discontinuities beneath the NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau with a dense broadband seismic array

Based on observations from a dense broadband seismic array located along the northeastern (NE) margin of the Tibetan Plateau in southeastern Gansu Province,we use receiver functions (RFs) to pick the arrival times of P-to-S converted waves and bin the traces in different grids according to the piercing points of the 410 and 660 km discontinuities in the upper mantle.The depths of the two discontinuities are estimated by the ray tracing method with the IASP91 velocity model and a 3-D tomography model.The results indicate the following:(1) The arrival times of the P410s and P660s converted phases are delayed by approximately 1 s than those predicted by the IASP91 model.The mantle transition zone (MTZ) is thicker than that in the global model.(2) The synchronous lags in the P410s and P660s arrival times are consistent with low-velocity anomalies in the upper mantle,which are believed to result mainly from the eastward migration of materials beneath the NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau.(3) Combined with previous tomography results,the depression of the'660'discontinuity and the thickened MTZ are somewhat consistent with the big mantle wedge (BMW) model.However,due to data limitations,more studies are required to explore the BMW in the future.     

带TMD的结构基于动力可靠性约束的优化设计

本文在运用复模态法求得多自由度带TMD结构随机地震响应解析解的基础上．采用基于动力可靠性约束的优化设计方法对TMD装置参数的优化取值进行了系统研究,以结构最大位移响应的期望值为目标函数,以TMD装置响应的动力可靠性为约束条件,运用罚函数法获得到TMD装置的优化设计参数．并给出了算例,从而建立了带TMD结构基于动力可靠性约束的抗震优化设计的一整套方法,本文方法也可用于基础隔震结构、带TLD减震结构以及带TMD和TLD抗风结构的优化设计。     

1961-2008年中国西南地区极端气候变化幅度的海拔效应(英文)

A total of 12 indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation ex-tremes at 111 stations in southwestern China at altitudes of 285-4700 m were examined for the period 1961-2008. Significant correlations of temperature extremes and elevation in-cluded the trends of diurnal temperature range, frost days, ice days, cold night frequency and cold day frequency. Regional trends of growing season length, warm night frequency, coldest night and warmest night displayed a statistically significant positive correlation with altitude. These characteristics indicated the obvious warming with altitude. For precipitation extreme indices, only the trends of consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, wet day precipitation and the number of heavy precipitation days had significant correlations with increasing alti-tude owing to the complex influence of atmospheric circulation. It also indicated the increased precipitation mainly at higher altitude areas, whereas the increase of extreme precipitation events mainly at lowers altitude. In addition, the clearly local influences are also crucial on climate extremes. The analysis revealed an enhanced sensitivity of climate extremes to ele-vation in southwestern China in the context of recent warming.