A modified mix-differenced approach for estimating multi-GNSS real-time satellite clock offsets

A modified mixed-differenced approach for estimating multi-GNSS real-time clock offsets is presented. This approach, as compared to the earlier presented mixed-differenced approach which uses epoch-differenced and undifferenced observations, further adds a satellite-differenced process. The proposed approach, based on real-time orbit products and a mix of epoch-differenced and satellite-differenced observations to estimate only satellite clock offsets and tropospheric zenith wet delays, has fewer estimated parameters than other approaches, and thus its implementing procedure is efficient and can be performed and extended easily. To obtain high accuracy, the approach involves three steps. First, the high-accuracy tropospheric zenith wet delay of each station is estimated using mixed-differenced carrier phase observations. Second, satellite clock offset changes between adjacent epochs are estimated using also mixed-differenced carrier phase observations. Third, the satellite clock offsets at the initial epoch are estimated using satellite-differenced pseudorange observations. Finally, the initial epoch clock results and clock offset changes are concatenated to obtain the clock results of the current epoch. To validate the real-time satellite clock results, multi-GNSS post-processing clock products from IGS ACs were selected for comparison. From the comparison, the standard deviations of the GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou and Galileo systems clock results are approximately 0.1–0.4 ns, except for the BeiDou GEO satellites. The root mean squares are about 0.4–2.3 ns, which are similar to those of other international real-time products. When the clock estimates were assessed based on a pseudo-kinematic PPP procedure, the positioning accuracies in the East, North and Up components reach 5.6, 5.5 and 7.6 cm, respectively, which meet the centimeter level and are comparable to the application of other products.     

Estimating satellite phase fractional cycle biases based on Kalman filter

Phase fractional cycle biases (FCBs) originating from satellites and receivers destroy the integer nature of PPP carrier phase ambiguities. To achieve integer ambiguity resolution of PPP, FCBs of satellites are required. In former work, least squares methods are commonly adopted to isolate FCBs from a network of reference stations. However, it can be extremely time consuming concerning the large number of observations from hundreds of stations and thousands of epochs. In addition, iterations are required to deal with the one-cycle inconsistency among FCB measurements. We propose to estimate the FCB based on a Kalman filter. The large number of observations are handled epoch by epoch, which significantly reduces the dimension of the involved matrix and accelerates the computation. In addition, it is also suitable for real-time applications. As for the one-cycle inconsistency, a pre-elimination method is developed to avoid iterations and posterior adjustments. A globally distributed network consisting of about 200 IGS stations is selected to determine the GPS satellite FCBs. Observations recorded from DoY 52 to 61 in 2016 are processed to verify the proposed approach. The RMS of wide lane (WL) posterior residuals is 0.09 cycles while that of the narrow lane (NL) is about 0.05 cycles, which indicates a good internal accuracy. The estimated WL FCBs also have a good consistency with existing WL FCB products (e.g., CNES-GRG, WHU-SGG). The RMS of differences with respect to GRG and SGG products are 0.03 and 0.05 cycles. For satellite NL FCB estimates, 97.9% of the differences with respect to SGG products are within ±?0.1 cycles. The RMS of the difference is 0.05 cycles. These results prove the efficiency of the proposed approach.     

带状交通工程中GPS高程拟合方法分析

GPS定位技术在交通工程平面控制中得到广泛应用,为使GPS高程成果也可以适用于带状交通工程,则GPS高程拟合模型的选取成为工程应用中急需解决的问题。针对模型的选取,该文试着将二次曲线拟合法与二次曲面拟合法进行对比,并结合某段带状交通工程GPS测量数据进行对比分析,最后得出二次曲面拟合模型拟合效果更佳的结论。     

陀螺经纬仪跟踪式观测逆转点数据的平差模型

针对跟踪式定向观测中的逆转点数据 ,采用Schuler Wolf模型替代传统的等权处理 ,并对该模型进行了改造 ,包括初始信号作为参数求解、关联系数 ρ进行迭代估计等 ;用多项式衰减替代理想情况下的指数衰减 ,作为平差处理的函数模型。实测数据解算结果表明 ,由此组成的逆转点平差模型具有解算精度高、残差为白噪声信号、参数求解比较稳定等优点。     

GPS-RTK用于矿山高精度沉陷监测的可行性研究

针对复杂地表条件下采用水准测量和导线测量等常规方式进行地表变形周期观测、任务量大甚至无法实施等问题,提出了建立研究区域的似大地水准面精化模型,同时采用GPS-RTK技术获取观测站三维空间信息,进而获得概率积分法预计参数。最后以内蒙古准格尔旗某煤矿的生产实践说明该技术的有效性和可行性,极大地提高了工作效率,为保护煤柱的留设提供了科学的依据。     

载波相位差分接收机自主完好性监测研究

首先提出了浮点变换完全去相关法,该方法能够在单历元动态确定整周模糊度。研究了基于载波相位测量的完好性监测方法。利用最小二乘残差构造统计检验量,对整周模糊度进行检测。分析了定位误差保护限与卫星构型、漏警概率的关系。实测数据表明,整周模糊度在单历元动态求解的成功率为100%,增加1颗卫星将使垂直定位误差保护限减少约0.2 m,统计检验量检测周跳的正确率为100%。     

智能全站仪的光学准直方法与精度测试

文章分析了普通光学准直的原理和方法,根据传统自准直方法在工程测量中的缺陷,提出了一种基于智能全站仪的光学准直方法,为了确定该方法可应用于工程测量中高精度的方位传递及保存方位基准,对该方法进行了精度的测试.通过数据的比较,基于智能全站仪的方法与外觇标法的准直数值差值不超过2”,外觇标法与十字丝法的准直数值差值也不超过2”...     

地表辐射温度取代地表温度的可行性分析——以“风云2号”C星与MODIS数据为例

为了反演出全天各个时刻的地表温度数据,在不考虑大气水汽含量和地表比辐射率的情况下,首先建立“风云2号”C星2个热红外通道数据相对于MODIS地表温度数据之间的回归方程,反演出各个时刻的5 km空间分辨率的地表辐射温度;然后根据地表温度最大值和最小值出现的时间,将反演的地表辐射温度降尺度到1 km空间分辨率,在同时刻、同...     

一种改进的折线转分段Bezier曲线的拟合方法

提出一种改进的折线转Bezier曲线的拟合方法。与传统最小二乘法拟合Bezier曲线相比,加入能量因子能很好地约束拟合出的Bezier曲线控制点的扰动,并能够根据需要设定标准函数和能量因子的权重。通过对拟合结果进行对比、分析和展示,证明该方法可有效地进行Bezier曲线拟合,满足生产需求。     

基于ADS80数字航空影像的大比例尺立体测图

ADS80数字航摄仪是目前先进的推扫式机载数字航空摄影测量系统。通过介绍ADS80数字航空摄影测量系统及ADS80数字航空影像在大比例尺测图中的应用,阐述ADS80数字航空影像用于全数字立体测图的方法及工艺流程,以及不同于一般的全数字立体测图的坐标转换和建立立体模型程序,对测图过程中容易出现的问题进行分析并提出解决方法。