Cross-border regional development in Southern China

Cross-border zones have been developed rapidly in China since 1979. This was largely due to the global economic restructuring in the post-Fordist era. The enclave of Hong Kong plays an indispensable role in the process. While China adopts the Open Door Policy, factories in Hong Kong are quick to relocate to the Pearl River Delta region in order to benefit from the low production costs and other preferential policies. The paper first reviews the factors leading to the economic integration between Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta region of southern China. It then examines the sectoral changes and the socio-economic data of the region. Rapid urbanization and rural urbanization are reflected in the quest for infrastructural development plans and the loss of quality farmland. They also bring along environmental hazards. The paper concludes with the call for a comprehensive development strategy for the region into the next century. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

油气化探中△C与烃类异常的相互配置关系

通过对△Ｃ（即后生碳酸盐）成因机理的分析，结合典型实例，对△Ｃ异常与烃类异常的相互配置关系及其与地下深处油气藏联系的研究，大量事实证明，△Ｃ异常并不总是与烃类异常一致的，只有当△Ｃ异常与烃类异常较一致时，△Ｃ异常才具有找油气藏的意义。     

中国大陆与香港及周围地区的地震目录完全性分析

地震活动性中心Ｇｕｔｅｎｂｅｒｇ－Ｒｉｃｈｔｅｒ关系（ｌｏｇＮ＝ａ－ｂＭ）在确定地震发生率时起着重要作用，实际分析中存在的对Ｇ－Ｒ关系的偏离主要是由于地震目录的不完全性引起：即在低震级端因地震的监测能力有限，在高震级端因大震的稀少导致的统计涨落。     

MRCON: COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR ESTIMATING SOIL MOISTURE RETENTION AND UNSATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY

Abstract. MRCON is an interactive computer program designed to approximate soil moisture retention ( Θ-Ψ ) and/or unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K- Θ ) for soils. MRCON, which is written in BASIC, uses empirical methods obtained from the literature to calculate K- Θ and a modified method to calculate Θ-Ψ . Input data for the program consist of a saturated moisture content and a minimum of three values of Θ-Ψ . A measured value of saturated hydraulic conductivity can be used as input to better approximate the K -Θ curves to field conditions.     

Dynamic response of twin circular tunnels due to incident SH-waves

The steady-state solution for two parallel under ground tunnels of circular cross-section subjected to incident plane harmonic SH-waves is obtained in closed form, by using the method of wave function expansion. The image technique is employed to account for the reflection of waves at the ground surface. Numerical studies are carried out to determine the influence of spacing between the tunnels on the shear stresses in concrete and steel linings.     

四川乐山建材非金属矿产资源的勘查与开发利用前景

概述了乐山建材非金属矿产资源的主要特征，阐明了其勘查与开发利用现状，并对资源形势作了分析，进而论述勘查与开发利用的前景。     

Detection of Cyclic Patterns Using Wavelets: An Example Study in the Ormskirk Sandstone, Irish Sea

This study shows how wavelet analysis can be used on well log and drill core data to identify cyclicity in sedimentary sequences. Three possible methods for determining wavelength were investigated: the Morlet wavelet, the Fourier transform, and the semivariogram. When applied to several hypothetical signals similar to those observed in petrophysical measurements in hydrocarbon reservoirs, all three methods could identify the presence of cyclicity. Only the wavelet scalogram, however, gave a clear indication of when the cyclic element was present and where frequency changes occurred in the signal. To illustrate the wavelet analysis, we processed well log and core data from a well in the Ormskirk Sandstone and determined the wavelet coefficients for each zone and the wavelengths of the strongest cyclicities. The cyclicities observed corresponded well with sedimentary features of the formation (e.g., channels and channel sets). Also, ratios of the cyclicity wavelengths corresponded with ratios of the Milankovitch precession, obliquity, and eccentricity periods. This result is in agreement with other investigators, who have proposed that Milankovitch-driven climate changes exercised an important control on Ormskirk Sandstone deposition.     

In‐situ gamma‐ray spectrometric study of weathered volcanic rocks in Hong Kong

In‐situ gamma‐ray spectrometry (GRS) measurements were conducted at 35 sites in Hong Kong where volcanic rocks with varying extent of weathering were exposed. Elemental analyses using X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry were carried out on samples collected from these 35 plus 22 other locations to assess the feasibility of using the GRS method to quantify the extent of weathering. The Parker weathering index, varying within a range of 0·0–0·8 for the samples studied, was used as a geochemically based reference scheme for correlating the gamma‐ray spectrometric results with the extent of weathering. For the former 35 sites, the concentrations of the three major radioelements, K, U and Th, determined by in‐situ GRS were compared to laboratory‐determined values from the samples. The study reveals that no significant change occurs to the contents of the three radioelements during the initial state of weathering. But once the rocks become highly weathered, further progression of weathering is accompanied by a systematic removal of K and an increased dispersion of U and Th. The results show that K content, which is indicative of the extent of weathering, can be retrieved reliably with the gamma‐ray spectrometry technique. The study has given support to the potential use of the downhole spectral gamma method for evaluation of weathering grade and the detection of subsurface clay‐rich levels. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Interannual and Interdecadal Variability of Winter Precipitation over China in Relation to Global Sea Level Pressure Anomalies

Based on the method of rotated principal component (RPC) analysis and wavelet transforms, the win-ter precipitation from 36 stations over China for the period 1881-1993 is examined. The results show thatthe three leading space-time modes correspond, in sequence, to winter rainfall anomalies over the reaches ofthe Yangtze River, the bend of the Yellow River, and the northeastern region of China. The three modes ex-hibit interannual oscillations with quasi-biennial and 8-year periods as well as interdecadal oscillationswith 16- and 32-year periods. The interannual oscillation (＜ 10 years) occurs in phase over the differentareas, and its maximum amplitude migrates northward considerably with prominent interdecadal variations.However, the interdecadal oscillations (10-32 years) are out of phase over the different regions, and theamplitude variations have the characteristics of stationary waves.The rainfall anomalies appear to be closely re lated to the anti-phase changes of mean sea-level pres-sure (SLP) over the Asian mainland and the North Pacific. When the SLP rises over the North Pacific anddecreases over the Asian mainland, the precipitation over East China increases noticeably. The linkage be-tween the rainfall over China and the SLP anomalies apparently results from the strength of the East Asianwinter monsoon and its associated temperature and moisture advection.     

柴达木盆地西台吉乃尔盐湖沉积的年代学研究

柴达木盆地中部西台吉乃尔盐湖成因及其年代框架还存在争议。通过应用光释光测年法（OSL）和放射性碳测年法（AMS¹⁴C）测定两支分别来自该盐湖中部及东部边缘区域的岩芯,获得4个OSL和5个AMS¹⁴C年代数据。结果表明：（1） 对于老于30 ka的样品放射性碳测年法存在明显的年代低估,而对于年轻样品则存在约4.0 ka的碳库效应,相对而言光释光测年方法具有一定的合理性。（2） 两支岩芯顶部粉砂质粘土层形成于约0.3 ka,中部含粉砂质粘土盐层形成于大约4.0 ka,底部粉砂质粘土层则至少形成于70 ka 之前。