Analytical study of ground motion caused by seismic wave propagation across faulted rock masses

Studying seismic wave propagation across rock masses and the induced ground motion is an important topic, which receives considerable attention in design and construction of underground cavern/tunnel constructions and mining activities. The current study investigates wave propagation across a rock mass with one fault and the induced ground motion using a recursive approach. The rocks beside the fault are assumed as viscoelastic media with seismic quality factors, Q_p and Q_s. Two kinds of interactions between stress waves and a discontinuity and between stress waves and a free surface are analyzed, respectively. As the result of the wave superposition, the mathematical expressions for induced ground vibration are deduced. The proposed approach is then compared with the existing analysis for special cases. Finally, parametric studies are carried out, which includes the influences of fault stiffness, incident angle, and frequency of incident waves on the peak particle velocities of the ground motions.     

Occurrence and evolution of the Xiaotangshan hot spring in Beijing, China

Thermal groundwater occurs in bedrock aquifers consisting of the dolomite of the Wumishan Group of the Jixianin System and the Cambrian carbonate in the Xiaotangshan geothermal field near the northern margin of the North China Plain, China. The hot water in the geothermal field of basin-type discharges partly in the form of the Xiaotangshan hot spring under natural conditions. The hot water has TDS of less than 600 mg/L and is of Na·Ca-HCO₃ type. The geothermal water receives recharge from precipitation in the mountain area with elevation of about 500 m above sea level to the north of the spring. Thermal groundwater flows slowly south and southeast through a deep circulation with a residence time of 224 years estimated with the Ra–Rn method. The Xiaotangshan hot spring dried up in the middle of the 1980s owing to the increasing withdrawal of the hot water in the geothermal field in the past decades. The water level of the geothermal system still falls continually at an annual average rate of about 2 m, although water temperature changes very little, indicating that the recharge of such a geothermal system of basin-type is limited. Over-exploitation has a dramatic impact on the geothermal system, and reduction in exploitation and reinjection are required for the sustainable usage of the hot water.     

Several significant hydrographic characteristics and their formation mechanism in the South China Sea during the spring and summer of 1998

INTRODUCTIONTheSCSisthelargestmarginseainthewestoftheNorthPacificOcean .Theprevailingwindinwinterisnortheast,whileinsummeritissouthwest .Itisstilluncertainthathowthecirculationandtemperature -salinityfieldassociatewiththemonsoonforcingandaccompanywithseveralkindsofvariationsbeforeorafterthesummermonsoonburst .DuringSECMEXin 1 998,twointensiveobservationperiods (IOP)havebeencarriedoutntheSCS (Fig 1 ) :IOP1 ,from 1 0Aprilto 5May ;IOP2 ,from 1 2JunetoJuly 6 ,inordertounderstandthe…     

头足类视觉特性的电生理研究 Ⅰ.无针乌贼视网膜电图的特性

乌贼是重要的海洋水产资源之一,对其视觉特性的研究在理论上和实践上显然都有一定的意义。视网膜电图(ERG)作为网膜的综合电活动是反映视觉特性的一个良好指标。乌贼的ERG的特性至今缺乏系统的研究。本文对其ERG的波形和适应特性作了较详细的描述。续文将报导对ERG的光谱敏感性的分析。     

山西霍山植物群落主要层LAI垂直分布规律

在山西霍山七里峪林场，采用间接的光学测量方法对沿着海拔分布的植物群落主要层叶面积指数（LAI）进行了测量，从不同的角度对LAI的垂直分布规律进行分析。结果表明：1．海拔不同，LAI表现出很大的差异，海拔1750m左右的LAI值大于较高与较低海拔的；对LAI和海拔之间的关系进行回归，得到LAI分布的拟合方程：y=b0＋b1x＋b2x^2＋b3x^3（R=0．712，P〈0．01）。2．同一海拔样带，阴坡LAI均大于阳坡，但对同种种群来说，阴坡树种平均胸径并不一定均大于阳坡。3．植被类型LAI比较表现为：低山针叶林〈低山灌丛〈落叶阔叶林〈落叶针叶林〈常绿针叶林；而主要群系LAI比较表现为：油松林（0．38）〈落叶松林（0．78）〈山杨林及其混交林（1．09）〈白桦林（2．00）〈辽东栎林及其混交林（3．73）。4．典型群落LAI值变化分析和人工林与天然林以，比较表明，LAI值在一定海拔达到最大值，这对于山西霍山人工林栽培和丰产林培育等具有重要意义。     

山西太岳山种子植物区系特征

调查的基础L，统计了太岳山种子植物有97科、316属、575种（含变种），分析了该区系的主要特征，即植物区系地理成分复杂，温带成分占优势；植物资源种类丰富，区系起源古老；植物区系具明显的过渡性；植被类型复杂，具明显的垂直分布．对该区野生经济植物进行了分类统计，为植物资源合理利用与生物多样性保护提供了基础资料穹科学依据．     

以单位为基础的中国城市内部生活空间结构─兰州市的实证研究

本文着眼于中国城市居民生活的最基本组织─单位,通过考察其形成与作用、日常生活类型及空间分布特征等,得出中国城市的内部生活空间结构由三层次构成:(1)由在世界各种城市地域组织中独具一格的单位构成的基础生活圈;(2)同质单位为主形成的低级生活圈;(3)以区为基础的高级生活圈。这种独特的生活空间结构是在社会主义计划城市下行政管理和生活居住规划的双重影响下形成的。     

黑龙江省土壤元素有效量及其与农作物的关系初探

将区域地球化学资料应用于农业问题的研究，是扩大区域地球化学资料应用领域的重要方面之一。通过土壤中Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ元素的全量、有效量、ｐＨ值、有机质与作物产量之间关系的研究，发现元素有效量与土壤中元素全量呈正相关，与ｐＨ值呈负相关，与有机质呈正相关，而作物产量与元素有效量呈正相关     

基于因子分析法的河西走廊五市旅游竞争力分析

在对河西走廊五市旅游业发展情况进行研究的基础上,从旅游产业发展规模、产业增长潜力和产业环境等3个方面选取了28个指标,通过因子分析法对每个指标数据进行加权,然后通过定量分析法比较各城市旅游竞争力.结果 表明:河西五市中,旅游竞争力顺序依次为酒泉、武威、张掖、嘉峪关、金昌.最后对河西走廊各市旅游竞争力进行了比较分析,并针...     

鄂西秭归盆地中三叠世-早侏罗世沉积记录及其对秦岭印支碰撞造山作用的启示

随着印支期南秦岭勉略洋盆闭合,华南和华北两大块体最终拼贴、构成中国大陆的基本轮廓。普遍认为这一洋陆转换、碰撞造山发生在三叠纪,但具体时间和空间过程仍存在较多争议。秭归盆地位于秦岭逆冲褶皱带东段南缘,是扬子北缘前陆盆地系统的重要组成,在沉积序列和碎屑来源上与秦岭印支期造山作用密切相关。该盆地经历早中三叠世滨-浅海相到晚三叠世-早侏罗世三角洲-河流相的沉积转变,中三叠统巴东组和上三叠统九里岗组之间发育平行不整合。不整合面之上的上三叠统-下侏罗统砂岩在碎屑组分上不仅含有泥岩、粉砂岩等沉积岩岩屑和千枚岩、板岩和片岩等中-低级变质岩岩屑,而且还见有中酸性火山岩岩屑。结合碎屑锆石颗粒U-Pb定年和古流向数据,这些火山岩岩屑揭示北部的秦岭造山带源区在晚三叠世(225~200Ma)存在火山活动,与同期的花岗质侵入岩一起反映秦岭印支期的同碰撞造山岩浆活动。