X射线荧光光谱法直接测定地质样品中多种痕量元素

采用低压聚乙烯镶边垫底的粉末压饼法制样,Ｘ射线荧光光谱法直接测定了地质样品中痕量元素Ａｓ、Ｇａ、Ｓｃ、Ｌａ、Ｙ、Ｃｅ、Ｗ、Ｍｏ、Ｓｎ、Ｃｏ和Ｐｂ。讨论了背景校正、谱线重叠校正、基体效应校正和仪器漂移校正等问题。利用理论α系数代替经验系数,使方法具有较高的准确度和较低的检出限。所测１１个元素的检出限在（０．３０～２．０２）×１０－６水平,精度（ＲＳＤ,ｎ＝１１）在０．９５％～１３．０％。方法经国家一级标准物质分析验证,结果与标准值相符。     

Hydrogeochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in the karst basin,southwest China

Groundwater is a very significant water source used for irrigation and drinking purposes in the karst region, and therefore understanding the hydrogeochemistry of karst water is extremely important. Surface water and groundwater were collected, and major chemical compositions and environmental isotopes in the water were measured in order to reveal the geochemical processes affecting water quality in the Gaoping karst basin, southwest China. Dominated by Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HCO₃^? and SO₄^2?, the groundwater is typically characterized by Ca? Mg? HCO₃ type in a shallow aquifer, and Ca? Mg? SO₄ type in a deeper aquifer. Dissolution of dolomite aquifer with gypsiferous rocks and dedolomitization in karst aquifers are important processes for chemical compositions of water in the study basin, and produce water with increased Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and SO₄^2? concentrations, and also increased TDS in surface water and groundwater. Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ molar ratios in groundwater decrease slightly due to dedolomitization, while the mixing of discharge of groundwater with high Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ ratios may be responsible for Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ ratios obviously increasing in surface water, and Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ ratios in both surface water and groundwater finally tending to a constant. In combination with environmental isotopic analyses, the major mechanism responsible for the water chemistry and its geochemical evolution in the study basin can be revealed as being mainly from the water–rock interaction in karst aquifers, the agricultural irrigation and its infiltration, the mixing of surface water and groundwater and the water movement along faults and joints in the karst basin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

福建德化阳山隐伏铁矿CSAMT的异常特征

根据矿区地质背景和成矿条件,通过对已知矿体剖面的CSAMT异常特征分析,确定适宜的数据处理及定性、半定量解释,总结德化阳山铁矿CSAMT的异常特征,为今后解释同类矿床勘查评价提供参考依据.     

黄河柴家峡水电站坝址区地震动参数研究

本文结合柴家峡水电站坝址区的地震地质环境、历史地震特征以及场地条件，采用考虑地震分布时空不均匀性的综合概率法，对场区进行了地震危险性分析，在此基础上给出了坝址区５０年超越概率６３．２％、１０％、２％三个概率水准的设计地震动参数，为大坝的抗震设计和安全运营提供了依据。     

准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系—白垩系物源及其演化特征

准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系—白垩系储层油气勘探潜力巨大,但关于其物源条件及沉积背景演化方面的认识较为有限,严重制约了后续油气勘探开发进程。为顺利开展后续油气勘探,笔者应用砂岩碎屑成分、砾岩砾石成分、重矿物类型及组合特征、古水流特征、地层岩性比例特征等物源分析方法,并结合区域构造演化背景,对准噶尔盆地南缘东段侏罗系—白垩系沉积物源特征进行厘定,并恢复其演化过程。研究结果表明：早侏罗世,博格达山尚未隆升,准南东段物源体系受控于北部克拉美丽山及南部天山山体,研究区南部原始沉积边界距现今盆地边界最远;自中侏罗世以来,由于受周缘山体隆升及燕山运动影响,博格达山开始隆升并逐渐出露水面,对准南东段物源体系产生一定影响;自晚侏罗世—早白垩世,博格达山的持续隆升作用使其隆起高度和规模不断增大,并最终成为准南东段优势物源区,克拉美丽山隆起幅度也不断增大,而使其供源能力增强。整体上,早侏罗世—中侏罗世,准南东段受南部天山物源体系和北部克拉美丽山物源体系共同影响;而在中侏罗世—早白垩世这一沉积期,南部天山物源体系、北部克拉美丽山物源体系和博格达山物源体系并存,但各物源体系对准南东段侏罗系—白垩系影响程度存在差异。     

Trace element contaminations of roadside soils from two cultivated wetlands after abandonment in a typical plateau lakeshore, China

Total concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in order to assess their changes in contamination levels in roadside soils of long-term abandoned tillage (LAT) belt and short-term abandoned tillage (SAT) belt from a plateau lakeshore of China. Results showed that the mean concentrations of these trace elements except for Cd and Pb were lower than background values. The contamination index values of these trace elements fluctuated and generally decreased with increasing distances from the road in both sampling belts except for Cu and Ni. Both LAT and SAT soils were facing Cd and Pb contamination. The integrated contamination level was more serious in LAT soils compared to SAT soils, with heavy contamination levels at the distances from 5 to 10 m in LAT soils. The effects of the studied rural road on both belts were clearly shown up to 250 m away from the road.     

基于多源数据的安徽庐枞盆地三维地质建模

基于安徽庐枞地区深部地质调查成果,探索了多源数据联合建模方法。以区域地质和成矿规律研究成果为基础,以深部探测最新认识为主线,综合地质、钻探、物探、遥感等多专业数据,联合构建庐枞盆地2 km以浅三维地质结构模型,实现了盆地结构、基底隆起、岩浆岩分布等三维地质结构的“透明化”表达。此外,构建了区内多个典型矿床模型,并对区域地质模型与典型矿床模型进行耦合验证,为庐枞地区三维成矿预测提供依据。     

Analysis of the 5 min oscillatory photospheric motion

A more objective statistical technique is applied directly to the four time series used in Paper I. The empirical probability density functions indicate that the measurements are realizations of a narrow-band random process with Gaussian statistics. This result allows quantitative statistical use of the mean autocorrelation function. For example, a characteristic correlation time is 23 min, and the motion becomes statistically uncorrelated over intervals greater than 40 min. The mean autocorrelation function is found to be free of secondary maxima that have been so troublesome in other analyses. The question raised in this paper is whether our statistical model of the motion as a Gaussian random process is also applicable to smaller regions on the order of 1 to 2 in size.The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.     

Addressing issues of spatial spillover effects and non-stationarity in analysis of residential burglary crime

The aim of this paper is to address two critical but largely neglected issues in the spatial analysis of urban crime which are spatial spillover effects of crime penetrating neighborhood boundaries and non-stationarity regarding the relationships between contextual factors and neighborhood crime. We use a GIS-based spatial approach to normalize the estimate of burglary crime at block group level and use the geographically weighted regression (GWR) to investigate the correlates of neighborhood crime. Results suggest that the use of normalized measure of neighborhood crime helps better reveal the spatial patterns of burglary crime and the use of GWR accounts for the spatial variations of relationships between contextual factors and crime. In particular, the normalized measure of crime has implications for improving the measurement accuracy of the risk of crime across urban neighborhoods and can be applied to the spatial analysis of other socioeconomic issues such as housing foreclosures and environmental hazards which are also plagued by the spatial spillover issue when geographically contiguous data are analyzed.