Application of Grain Size Analysis to Study Sedimentary Environment of Sand Dune in the Vicinity of Tumen River

The dunes in estuary of Tumen River in China lie to the area between the Jiushaping and Fangchuan in the left bank of Tumen River (Fig.1). The dis-tance is about 15～20 km between the dunes and the coast. It ranges from China to D. P. R. Korea and Russia. The range of the height of dunes is about 15～20 m and the width is 100～200 m. By the re-connaissance, we protracted 9 section planes of the dunes and collected 40 sand samples of the dunes, and identified the sedimentary environment …     

A combined numerical tidal model for the Hangzhou Bay and Qiantang River

-In order to avoid prescribing open boundary condition on the upstream side of the Hangzhou Bay, in numerical simulation of the tides and residual currents of the Bay, a 1-D model for the Qiantang River is connected to the 2-D model for the Hangzhou Bay. The harmonic constants of diurnal constituent [ (K1 O1)/2],semidiurnal constituent (M2) and shallow water constituent (M4) are obtained. The results produced by the combined model are in better agreement with the observed ones than those produced solely by the original 2-D model. The combined model gives much more reliable results for tide-induced residual water level and current.     

Characteristics of the precipitation over the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau

Variations of precipitation over the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau are analyzed by using data over station Yaan including daytime, nighttime, and daily-mean precipitation and satellite-derived information. A comparison of some features over Yaan and other stations is also carried out. Over Yaan, light-moderate precipitation contributes significantly to both the number of rainy days (96.9%) and the amount (66.9%) of total precipitation. The light-moderate precipitation occurs more frequently at nighttime than at daytime (by 44.5 days, or 33.4%, and by 520.6 mm, or 134.4%, each year), and the nighttime precipitation is mainly in the form of light-moderate precipitation. The number of rainy days and the amount of total precipitation have decreased from the 1950s to the 1970s and during the recent 20 years, associated with negative trends of light-moderate precipitation. Similar features are also found in the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite data. Local convective precipitation is the main form of the light-moderate precipitation over Yaan. The absorption of latent heat at the lower troposphere and the release of latent heat at the upper troposphere are larger at nighttime than at daytime by 1–2 times and 2–3 times, respectively. Both the peak value and the total release of latent heat over Yaan are significantly larger than those over the Tibetan Plateau, eastern China, and the western Pacific warm pool. These distinct local characteristics of the “rain city” Yaan are closely related to the interaction between the atmospheric circulation and the steep topography on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau.     

盾构下穿高铁路基变形规律模型试验研究

为了探究盾构下穿施工对高铁路基U型槽结构和地层的变形影响规律,以拟建的石家庄市轨道交通4号线下穿京石高速铁路路基为工程背景,基于几何相似比配制了地层和结构模型试验材料,设计了试验监测系统,采用φ1 200 mm小型盾构机进行了盾构隧洞顶距路基管桩底不同距离的2组室内模型试验。结果表明：随着距离盾构隧道拱顶距离的增大,地层沉降减小,盾构施工对地层的影响范围约为2倍洞径,显著影响区为1倍洞径;随着埋深的增大,盾构施工引起结构下方地层的沉降减小,距盾构隧道顶距离分别为0.5倍洞径和1倍洞径时沉降最大差值为10%;U型槽结构与相邻地层间产生脱空,盾尾脱出阶段发生的地层沉降占比大于74%。建议管片拼装完成后采用保水性好且有一定早期强度的注浆填充材料,以控制沉降变形,同时进行地层深孔注浆,及时充填松动地层孔隙,增加地层密实度。     

影响靖宇地区温带气旋的统计分析

核电站因它不排放如二氧化碳这样的温室气体,核电对降低能源部门的碳密集作出了贡献,因此愈益受到人们的重视.在对核电站地区的天气、气候环境进行分析的基础上,对影响靖宇核电站地区的温带气旋作了研究.结果表明:1949-2007年期间影响靖宇地区的温带气旋计111个;受温带气旋影响的年数有41年(约2/3).影响靖宇地区且产生强降雨的温带气旋,主要发生在6、7、8月这3个月,并且一半以上出现在7月.影响靖宇地区的温带气旋大部分是东北气旋,占总数的65%;蒙古气旋与华北气旋次之.此外,对造成严重影响的温带气旋的个例也从天气学角度进行了分析.     

逐日环流指数的最大熵谱分析

用最大熵方法对1956—1977年逐日500毫巴亚洲环流指数分别按年和季进行了谱分析。结果指出:指数循环是一种可变周期,周期长度从2周至9周不等,但优势周期处在4周至6周。多年平均值的主周期为32天,次周期为17天。指数变化速率的优势周期处在11—15天,主周期平均长度为13天。周期的季节性差异并不明显,其长年变化呈现出5—6年的阶段性。     

喜马拉雅东部三叠系涅如组地球化学和碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学特征及构造意义

喜马拉雅中—新生代地层沉积于印度被动大陆边缘,三叠系沉积物物源分析是冈瓦纳大陆裂解和古地理研究的重要载体.特提斯喜马拉雅东段上三叠统涅如组碎屑岩的物质来源和沉积背景具有较大的争议,本次研究采集隆子县斗玉乡晚三叠世粉砂质板岩进行碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩主微量元素地球化学分析.涅如组碎屑锆石年龄具有两个明显的峰值:206～224Ma(峰值213 Ma)和462～567Ma(峰值512 Ma),表明涅如组沉积时代为晚三叠世诺利期.涅如组w(SiO2)含量较低(平均值为57.7％),w(Al2O3)值较高(17.2％),轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,轻稀土/重稀土元素平均值为8.1.高场强元素中Nb,Ta,Ti亏损,Zr,Hf,Th,U富集;大离子亲石元素中Ba,Sr亏损,Rb和K富集.综合分析认为源区岩石以酸性岩浆岩为主.本次研究认为上三叠统涅如组浊流相沉积形成于裂谷环境,代表新特提斯洋的打开;标志着拉萨板块从冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂解,并开始向北漂移.     

The smoke is rising but where is the fire? Exploring effective online map design for wildfire warnings

The current study sought to offer guidance for developing effective web-based mapping tools for wildfire warnings by identifying (1) the important content for facilitating individuals’ decision-making, and (2) the optimal interface design for ensuring usability and ease of information access. A map-based warning tool was prototyped in the Australian context, followed by a usability and effectiveness evaluation through individual interviews and verbal protocol analysis to assess participants’ interaction with the mapping interface and information in response to the simulated warning scenario. The results demonstrated variations in participants’ approaches to wildfire warning response, revealing varied information needs. Specifically, most participants relied on their own assessment of the prospective threat, requiring specific wildfire-related information before eliciting a response. In contrast, the decision of a minority of the participants was motivated by response guidance from agencies, and accurate wildfire information was less important for their response. Imperative information for both types of residents therefore needs to be highlighted in a map-based warning tool to cater to a wide audience. Furthermore, a number of heuristics were identified for designing effective interactive functions to facilitate the control of, and access to, the various maps and textual information presented on the map-based warning interface.     

矿产资源管理信息系统设计与开发

基于GIS的矿产资源管理信息系统采用地理信息系统(GIS)技术、SQL Server数据库技术以及网络技术,实现了矿产资源信息图形数据与属性数据统一管理,为矿产资源管理工作提供了现代化的科学管理手段和决策支持。本文介绍了系统的设计与实现、系统包含的工作模块、各个模块的功能结构以及采用的技术特点。     

Formation of saddle dolomites in Upper Cambrian carbonates, western Tarim Basin (northwest China): Implications for fault-related fluid flow

The saddle dolomites occur more intensely in cores closely to fault than that in cores far away from the fault in Upper Cambrian carbonate of western Tarim basin, suggesting that formation of the saddle dolomites is likely related to fault-controlled fluid flow. They partially fill in fractures and vugs of replacement dolomite. The saddle dolomites exhibit complex internal textures, commonly consisting of core and cortex. In comparison with the matrix dolomites, the saddle dolomites show lower Sr-content and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, higher Fe- and Mn-content, and more negative δ¹⁸O values. Combined with high Th (100–130 °C) of primary fluid inclusions, it is suggested that the saddle dolomites precipitated from hydrothermal fluid derived from the deep evaporite-bearing Middle Cambrian strata, and the magnesium source may be due to dissolution of host dolomite during hydrothermal fluid migration. Fault activity resulted in petrographic and geochemical difference of the core and cortex of the saddle dolomites. The cores precipitated from the formation water mixed by deep brines at the early stage of fault activity, and the cortexes precipitated from the deep fluid with higher temperatures through the Middle Cambrian later. In summary, the formation of the saddle dolomites implies a hydrothermal fluid event related to fault activity, which also resulted in high porosity in Upper Cambrian carbonate in western Tarim Basin.