四川九寨沟地貌与第四纪地质

九寨沟地处青藏高原向四川盆地陡跌的两在地貌单元的过渡地带,经笔者等调查可划分出高山地地貌、高山坡地地貌和高山河谷地貌等三种地貌类型及十种成因类型的第四纪堆积物,并对其分布规律、特征者描述。首次划分了区内第四纪地层,探讨其演化过程。为研究九寨沟自然资源的演化发展以及合理利用和保护提供了基础资料。     

某些硫化物矿物中Fe的价态电子探针分析

对湖南上堡、郴县及胶东地区5个黄铁矿样品和5个黄铜矿样品进行的穆斯堡尔谱及电子探针(波谱仪)的分析得出:含Fe~(2+)的黄铁矿中Fe的纯离子浓度I_(La)/I_(Ka)值为0.65±0.05,含Fe~(3+)的黄铜矿中Fe的纯离子浓度,I_(La)/I_(ka)值为0.40士0.05.可见,随Fe价态的升高,比值I_(La)/I_(ka)反而降低.     

金川软岩蠕变破坏机理电镜实验研究

为探讨金川矿岩石蠕变破坏机理,应用微观扫描电镜(SEM)对蠕变受力情况下岩石破坏断口微观形态进行了观察研究,并分析了其产生的微观破坏机制。结果表明:岩石蠕变断裂的微观机制主要是拉伸、剪切作用下岩石发生脆性断裂,从岩石断裂微观形态研究岩石蠕变断裂,可以更好的揭示岩石断口微观形貌特征、裂纹生核、扩展、及断裂方式与岩石蠕变演进过程的联系。     

构造煤与原生结构煤的显微傅立叶红外光谱特征对比研究

通过对平顶山、郑州和南票三大矿区石炭二叠纪含煤岩系中高煤级烟煤和无烟煤的显微傅立叶红外光谱分析，探讨了原生结构煤与构造煤的有机大分子结构演化特征及其影响因素。结果表明，构造应力有利于煤中氢发生化学环境转移，使脂肪烃含量相对减少、稳定的芳香烃含量相对增加，促进煤大分子结构缩合度和有序度增加。     

苏北盆地高邮凹陷古近系戴南组沉积相及其与隐蔽油气藏的关系

苏北盆地高邮凹陷是江苏油田的主要油气勘探开发区，是一个南断北超的典型箕状断陷湖盆，其中的古近系戴南组为一套厚度近2 000 m的河湖相砂泥岩地层，从下到上分为一段和二段。通过沉积充填分析和沉积相编图，戴南组一段沉积时，苏北盆地断陷构造活动相对强烈，地形高差大，水体相对较深，水体范围相对较小，从南向北分别发育近岸水下扇、湖底扇、三角洲等沉积相类型。戴南组二段沉积时，构造活动有所减弱，地形高差变小，水体相对较浅，水体范围扩大至整个凹陷，从南向北分别发育扇三角洲、湖底扇、三角洲等沉积相类型。利用砂岩等厚图等资料，确定了戴南组的沉积相图。沉积相在平面上分布范围明确，纵向上既有差异性又有继承性。高邮凹陷边缘和内部的同沉积断层对沉积相和砂体的发育分布起着重要的控制作用，沉积相控制了油气分布，特别是对隐蔽油气藏形成起重要作用。高邮凹陷戴南组的隐蔽圈闭类型主要有地层超覆、断层-岩性、砂岩上倾尖灭及透镜体圈闭等。湖底扇、三角洲前缘、扇三角洲前缘、近岸水下扇中扇等为有利的储集岩相带。结合石油地质条件的分析，确定了联18-马18井区等几个有利的隐蔽油藏勘探区。     

Bibliometric Analysis of Research Progress on Coastal Surface Water and Groundwater Interaction

The interactions among surface water, groundwater and seawater are closely related in the coastal area with complex hydrological conditions. A series of impacts from human activities and climate change are also more significant in this region. In order to understand the key knowledge and research status of surface water and groundwater interaction in coastal area, it is a useful method to analyze literatures in this research scope in the core database of Web of Science by using CiteSpace. The research achievements in this field were systematically sorted and potential research hotspots were explored, which may provide references for subsequent researches. The results show the following. \mathrm{①} The number of highly cited articles and highly burst articles in this research field has increased significantly since 2010. At present, this field is still in the development stage and has a broad research prospect. \mathrm{②} The United States, Australia, China and Germany have done plenty of researches on this issue and achieved a lot. At present, the number of research achievements supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China is in the lead over the world. \mathrm{③} Seawater intrusion, submarine groundwater discharge, the relationship between tide and hydrological conditions are the main research direction in this field. Hydrochemistry and isotopic analysis, and numerical simulation are the most important research methods in this field. \mathrm{④} The potential development directions and breakthroughs in this field include submarine groundwater discharge, the evolution of coastal mangrove wetlands, the migration and transformation of nutrients, the influences of different hydrological factors on coastal areas, and the impact of climate change on coastal areas. Overall, the future development of surface water and groundwater research in coastal areas is inseparable from the cross-integration of various disciplines, mutual verification of multiple methods and the introduction of new technical means.     

中亚造山带伊犁北缘早古生代海相斑脱岩地质意义

伊犁地块位于西天山北部,通常认为其北缘经历了晚古生代活动陆缘的演化,但对其早古生代构造沉积演化(尤其是同位素定年)的研究仍较为薄弱.在伊犁北缘果子沟地区的奥陶系黑色硅质页岩中发现多层斑脱岩(蚀变凝灰岩)夹层,奥陶系发生了强烈褶皱变形,在其中一个倒转向斜的核部和翼部选取两层斑脱岩进行了锆石U-Pb测年.2个斑脱岩样品中的...     

Variation behavior of pore-water pressure in warm frozen soil under load and its relation to deformation

Acta Geotechnica - Containing a considerable amount of unfrozen water, frozen soil may produce excess pore-water pressure under external load, especially at temperatures near the thawing point. The...     

南海北部陆缘新生代玄武岩地球化学特征及成因

南海盆地及周缘地区新生代玄武岩对揭示南海盆地的演化历史至关重要,然而这些玄武岩的成因还存在争议。本文研究了位于南海北部陆缘的海南岛临高县多文组玄武岩岩石地球化学和矿物地球化学特征,并探讨其成因和构造背景。多文组玄武岩主要由橄榄石、单斜辉石、斜长石、斜方辉石、铬尖晶石和铁钛氧化物等组成。橄榄石Fo值变化于55.5～71.1之间,Ni的含量较低,Fe/Mn比值较高。铬尖晶石Cr^#值为74.1～82.7,Mg^#值为45.5～63.8, Ti的含量较高。斜方辉石Mg^#值为63.9～79.6,单斜辉石为66.0～80.6。单斜辉石稀土配分曲线富集MREE,亏损LREE和HREE,呈拱形分布。斜长石以中-拉长石为主(Ab_{36.56～52.78}),富集LREE、Ba、Sr和Eu。铁钛氧化物的TiO₂含量为50.19%～51.46%。多文组玄武岩原始岩浆的主量和微量元素组成与夏威夷、峨眉山、塔里木等玄武岩组成一致,地幔源区包含了辉石岩的成分,而且其地幔潜在温度(>1400℃)和氧逸度(Δ...     

地理信息系统（GIS）在地下水领域中的应用及最新进展

ＧＩＳ是信息时代的产物，在地下水资源领域的研究日益广泛和深入。笔者着重阐述了ＧＩＳ在地下水领域的应用及最新发展，同时对ＧＩＳ在地下水应用中的优点和局限性提出了自己的观点。