山西沁水煤层气田采收率预测

采用地质类比、等温吸附曲线及储层数值模拟 3种方法对山西沁水煤层气田主力气层———二叠系山西组 3# 煤层、石炭系太原组 15 # 煤层的煤层气采收率进行了预测 ,结果 3# 煤层的煤层气采收率为 6 2 % ,15 # 煤层的采收率为 5 5 % ,总平均采收率为 5 9%。分析对比了这 3种方法的运用条件及优缺点 ,指出煤层气采收率的预测必须采用多种方法 ,并结合具体的煤层气地质特点进行综合分析 ,才能得出合理的结论。     

输入界面对场地地表地震动参数的影响

本文以江淮地区典型场地资料为原型,选取不同深度的岩层位置作为地震动输入界面,构造多种场地土层模型,选择Taft、Kobe和E1centro 3条强震记录作为地震输入,采用一维频域等效线性化波动方法重点分析了地震动输入界面对场地地表地震动参数的影响。研究结果表明,随着输入界面深度的增加,场地地表的峰值加速度逐渐增加,且增加的幅度呈逐渐减小的趋势,但输入界面深度对地表加速度反应谱特征周期的影响较小;输入界面剪切波速值对反应谱特征周期影响有限,但对地表峰值加速度影响较为显著,地表峰值加速度随着输入界面剪切波速的增大而增大,且两者的增幅呈现近似的线性关系。     

兰州倾斜固体潮潮汐参数的观测研究

本文介绍了兰州形变台FSQ—水管倾斜仪1987—1989年期间观测资料的调和分析结果,讨论了潮汐因子的重复性及其对非潮汐变化的监测能力,分析了气象因素对周日波的影响,並将实测潮汐因子与G—B地球模型理论值进行了比较。     

洱海湖滨带冬季水鸟的水质指示作用

水鸟在物种或群落水平上可以对湿地营养状态有所响应,预警生态系统有害的改变.以大型淡水湖泊洱海为例,基于2015年2月沿岸17个观察点的冬季水鸟调查与水质同步监测,研究小(Podiceps ruficollis)、白骨顶(Fulica atra)和黑水鸡(Gallinula chloropus)密度对沿岸水体中总磷和总氮浓度的响应关系.结果发现白骨顶和小密度均与总氮浓度呈显著正相关,也均与总磷浓度呈显著正相关;黑水鸡密度与总氮和总磷浓度无显著相关性.结果表明,水鸟可以在物种水平上对洱海湖滨带水中营养物质变化有所响应,也强调了根据具体指示物种的生态学习性选择水鸟指示物种尤为重要.白骨顶和小在更大空间和时间尺度上的水质指示作用有待于更多湖泊或水库水体的长期相关研究.     

Theoretical wind wave frequency spectra in deep water——Ⅰ. Form of spectrum

In this part ot the paper theoretical wind-wave spectra nave been derived oy (I) expressing the spectrum in series composed of exponential terms; (2) assuming that the spectrum satisfies a high order linear ordinary differential equation; (3) introducing proper parameters in the spectrum; and (4) making use of some known charateristics of wind-wave spectrum, for instance, the law governing the equilibrium range. The spectrum obtained contains the zero order moment of the spectrum m0, the peak frequency ω0 and the ratio R =ω/ω0 (ω being the mean zero-crossing frequency) as parameters. The shape of the nondimensional spectrum S(ω) = ω0S(ω)/m0(ω=ω/ω0) changes with R and theoretically reduces to a Dirac delta function δ(ω-1) when R = 1. A spectrum of simplified form is given for practical uses, in which R is replaced by a peakness factor P=S(1).     

三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)珍珠钙代谢的周年性变化研究

采用生态调查和生理生化方法,对植片后的1龄三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)进行了为期一年的调查研究,拟探讨珍珠形成和钙代谢的相关性。定期测定珍珠囊和珍珠的重量、直径及水温,同时取其鳃、围心腔和外套膜组织进行酸、碱性磷酸酶活性检测及钙含量等测定。结果表明,1龄植片后的三角帆其蚌珍珠囊和珍珠在一周年之中出现三次快速生长期。外套膜中的酸、碱性磷酸酶均在165d时升至最高。鳃组织中钙含量显著高于围心腔和外套膜。经Pearson相关分析显示,珍珠囊和珍珠的重量、直径分别与三种组织中的碱性磷酸酶活性及外套膜中的钙含量呈显著性正相关(P<0.05);同时,外套膜中的钙含量与三种组织中的碱性磷酸酶呈显著性正相关(P<0.05);水温与外套膜、围心腔中的钙含量呈显著性负相关(P<0.05),与三种组织中的酸性磷酸酶呈显著性正相关(P<0.05)。提示:鳃是三角帆蚌钙吸收、贮存和钙调节的重要器官,形成珍珠的钙一部分来源于循环系统,另一部分可由外套膜直接从环境中吸收,碱性磷酸酶对珍珠生长起着重要的调节作用。     

基于一维综合孔径微波辐射计的海面温度反演研究

Due to the low spatial resolution of sea surface temperature(T_S) retrieval by real aperture microwave radiometers,in this study, an iterative retrieval method that minimizes the differences between brightness temperature(T_B)measured and modeled was used to retrieve sea surface temperature with a one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometer, temporarily named 1 D-SAMR. Regarding the configuration of the radiometer, an angular resolution of 0.43° was reached by theoretical calculation. Experiments on sea surface temperature retrieval were carried out with ideal parameters; the results show that the main factors affecting the retrieval accuracy of sea surface temperature are the accuracy of radiometer calibration and the precision of auxiliary geophysical parameters. In the case of no auxiliary parameter errors, the greatest error in retrieved sea surface temperature is obtained at low T_S scene(i.e., 0.710 6 K for the incidence angle of 35° under the radiometer calibration accuracy of0.5 K). While errors on auxiliary parameters are assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution, the greatest error on retrieved sea surface temperature was 1.330 5 K at an incidence angle of 65° in poorly known sea surface wind speed(W)(the error on W of 1.0 m/s) over high W scene, for the radiometer calibration accuracy of 0.5 K.     

霞浦核电基地海洋生物放射性本底水平及辐射剂量评价

为掌握霞浦核电基地海洋生物的放射性本底水平,在其周边50 km范围内采集5类9种海洋生物样品,测量其中的天然放射性核素²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K,以及人工放射性核素¹³⁷Cs、¹³⁴Cs、⁹⁰Sr、⁵⁸Co、⁶⁰Co、⁵⁴Mn、^110mAg、⁶⁵Zn的活度浓度并进行辐射剂量评价。结果显示,所有样品中¹³⁴Cs、⁵⁸Co、⁶⁰Co、⁵⁴Mn、^110mAg、⁶⁵Zn的活度浓度均低于最小可探测活度浓度,²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K、¹³⁷Cs和⁹⁰...     

基于稳定同位素方法的吕泗渔场近岸海域主要生物潜在碳源及营养级分析

基于稳定同位素方法,对2018年吕泗渔场近岸海域夏季主要生物种类的潜在碳源及其营养级进行分析,利用IsoSource模型计算该海域消费者的3大碳源（浮游植物、悬浮颗粒有机物、底质有机物）贡献值,并比较叠加潜在碳源影响前后主要生物种类的营养级变化。结果表明,浮游植物和底质有机物对37种主要生物种类的贡献比例分别为58.7%和28.2%,而悬浮颗粒有机物的贡献较小。因此判定吕泗渔场近岸海域夏季主要生物种类的潜在碳源主要是浮游植物和底质有机物。通过分别叠加3大潜在碳源和单一物种作为基准值构建两个营养级谱,右营养级谱的生物种类营养级范围为1.74～3.92,比左营养级谱平均下降0.19个营养级,尽管两个营养级谱的整体趋势走向不变,但部分鱼类和多数虾类的营养位置发生改变。右营养级谱的基准值随着潜在碳源叠加比例的不同而变化,能有效反映生物营养级,更适用于低营养级的虾蟹类。但对于处于中高级消费者位置的鱼类来说,这种叠加的效果影响不大。     

A laboratory study of directional spectra with maximum likelihood method-Ⅰ Developing wind wave

measurements by a circular array consisting of 18 wave gauges in a large wave tank, directional spectra of wind-generated waves in deep water are systematically determined by using maximum likelihood method The investigations reveal that the angular spreading of the wave energy is consistent with cos^2s(θ/2) proposed by Longuet-Higgins et al.(1963, Ocean Wave Spectra, 111-136), if the bimodal distributions of wave energy are not taken into account. Bimodality occurring on higher frequency than peak frequency is too rare to affect our whole resalts. Surprisingly, a much broader directional spreading than that of the field, which is interpreted by the strongly nonlinear energy transfer because of the very young waves in laboratory, is found. The parameter s depends on frequency in the same way as observed by Mitsuyasu et al.(1975, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 5, 750-760) and Hasselmann et al.(1980, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 10, 1264-1280) in the field, and the relationship between the four nondimensional parameters s_m, f_o, b₁ and b₂, determining the directional width, and ū₁₀ (corresponding to the inverse of wave age) are given respectively. The observed distributions are found to agree well with the suggestion of Donelan et al.(1985, Philosophical Transaction of Royal Society of London, A315, 509-562) when applied to field waves.