黄铁矿晶体形态标型在金矿评价中的意义

黄铁矿晶体形态是金矿床矿物学填图的良好指示参数之一.黄铁矿的微形貌特征具有指示其形成环境的意义.在金矿床中,早期成矿阶段结晶的a{100}或e{hk0}形态黄铁矿含金性较差;主成矿阶段形成的ae、aeo、ao、oa、oe等聚形晶,以及{310}、{320}等e黄铁矿含金性较好.黄铁矿形态沿矿体空间可以表现出分带性.其垂向分带趋势为:矿体上部以o{111}晶形为主,矿体中部以e{hk0}形为主,矿体下部主要以a{100}形占主导,或分别以其晶面发育的聚形为主.但不同矿床,甚至同一矿床的不同矿脉,这种分带的表现也不完全一致.因此,应用此分带模式进行深部矿体预测时,应具体情况具体分析.     

济阳坳陷西部惠民凹陷第三纪火山岩型油藏成藏机理研究

在全面剖析济阳坳陷惠民凹陷第三纪火成岩空间分布规律的基础上 ,对本区火山岩的成藏机理进行了深入研究 ,总结了惠民凹陷火山岩型油气藏的成藏模式。惠民凹陷的主要烃源岩来自于南部的临南洼陷和北部的滋镇洼陷 ,由于本区火成岩主要沿 2个生烃凹陷间隆起带的临邑帚状断裂带展布 ,保证了火山岩带有充足的油源条件。油气运移的输导体系是由渗透性砂岩、断层、裂缝和不整合面的三维空间组合 ,研究区的临邑帚状断裂带、多期发育的裂缝和不整合面对油气向火山岩储层的运移至关重要。储集空间是储层质量好坏的决定因素 ,惠民凹陷的火山岩储层存在各种的原生储集空间 ,同时由于次生的断层活动和火成岩拱张作用形成了丰富的次生储集空间 ,极大地改善了本区火成岩的储层物性 ,是本区形成各类火成岩圈闭和油藏的保证。本区火成岩存在 3种类型的油气藏 ,即火成岩作为储层、火成岩作为盖层或遮挡层以及火成岩侵入动力型油气藏     

渤海海峡BHS01孔沉积物磁性地层学研究

磁性地层学研究是建立渤海地区第四纪沉积序列地层年代框架的主要技术手段之一。通过对渤海海峡地区BHS01孔(孔深121.3 m)进行详细的磁性地层学研究,结果表明:BHS01孔岩心记录了布容(Brunhes)正极性时至松山(Matuyama)负极性时底部,包括贾拉米洛(Jaramillo)和奥尔都维(Olduvai)正极性亚时。早、中更新世界线即布容(Brunhes)正极性时/松山(Matuyama)负极性时界限(B/M)深度位于该钻孔的46.4 m处。根据沉积速率,推测钻孔底部121.3 m处的年龄约2.25 Ma。综合沉积物的岩性、磁性及沉积速率变化特征,将BHS01孔沉积物记录的区域沉积过程自下而上划分为3个阶段:阶段Ⅰ(2.25～1.46 Ma)以河流相沉积为主;阶段Ⅱ(1.46～0.78 Ma)为稳定的湖泊相沉积;阶段Ⅲ(0.78～0 Ma)发育海陆交互相沉积。这一研究为该钻孔提供了可靠的年代标尺,为渤海海峡及邻区第四纪地层的划分对比和沉积演化过程提供了新的依据。     

Early Cretaceous Adakitic Rocks in the Northern Great Xing’an Range, NE China: Implications for the Final Closure of Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and Regional Extensional Setting

A large amount of igneous rocks in NE China formed in an extensional setting during Late Mesozoic. However, there is still controversy about how the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and the Paleo-Pacific Ocean effected the lithosphere in NE China. In this paper, we carried out a comprehensive study for andesites from the Keyihe area using LA-ICP-MS zircon UPb dating and geochemical and Hf isotopic analysis to investigate the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of these andesites. The U-Pb dating yields an Early Cretaceous crystallization age of 128.3±0.4 Ma. Geochemically, the andesites contain high Sr(686–930 ppm) and HREE contents, low Y(11.9–19.8 ppm) and Yb(1.08–1.52 ppm) contents, and they therefore have high Sr/Y(42–63) and La/Yb(24–36) ratios, showing the characteristics of adakitic rocks. Moreover, they exhibit high K_2O/Na_2O ratios(0.57–0.81), low Mg O contents(0.77–3.06 wt%), low Mg# value(17–49) and negative εHf(t) values(-1.7 to-8.5) with no negative Eu anomalies, indicating that they are not related to the oceanic plate subduction. Based on the geochemical and isotopic data provided in this paper and regional geological data, it can be concluded that the Keyihe adakitic rocks were affected by the Mongol-Okhotsk tectonic regime, forming in a transition setting from crustal thickening to regional extension thinning. They were derived from the partial melting of the thickened lower crust. The closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean may finish in early Early Cretaceous, followed by the collisional orogenic process. The southern part region of its suture belt was in a post-orogenic extensional setting in the late Early Cretaceous.     

Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic,and Mineral Inclusion Studies on the Diamonds from the Pozanti‐Karsanti Chromitite,Turkey

He Pozanti‐Karsanti ophiolite (PKO) is one of the largest oceanic remnants in the Tauride belt, Turkey. Micro‐diamonds were recovered from the podiform chromitites, and these were investigated based on morphology, color, cathodoluminescence, nitrogen content, carbon and nitrogen isotopes, internal structure and inclusions. The diamonds recovered from the PKO are mainly mixed‐habit diamonds with sectors of different brightness under the cathodoluminescence images. The total δ¹³C range of the PKO diamonds ranges between ?18.8 ‰ and ?28.4 ‰, with a principle δ¹³C mode at ?25 ‰. Nitrogen contents of the diamonds range from 7 to 541 μg/g with a mean value of 171 μg/g, and the δ¹⁵N values range from ?19.1 ‰ to 16.6 ‰, with a δ¹⁵N mode of ?9 ‰. Stacking faults and partial dislocations are commonly observed in the Transmission Electron Microscopy foils whereas inclusions are rather rare. Combinations of (Ca_0.81Mn_0.19)SiO₃, NiMnCo‐alloy and nano‐size, quenched fluid phases were observed as inclusions in the PKO diamonds, confirming a natural origin of these diamonds. We believe that the δ¹³C‐depleted carbon signature of the PKO diamonds is a remnant of previously subducted crustal matter. These diamonds may have crystallized in metal‐rich melts in the asthenospheric mantle at depth below 250 km which were subsequently carried rapidly upward by asthenospheric melts/fliuds. We concluded that diamond‐bearing asthenospheric melts were likely involved in the formation of the Pozanti‐Karsanti podiform chromitite.     

基于动量自适应BP神经网络的鸢乌贼模式识别

近年来, 计算机模式识别技术因其识别结果准确、快速, 而不断被用于生物判别邻域。本文利用MATLAB软件实现动量自适应BP神经网络(back propagation neural networks)对西北印度洋、中东太平洋和南海3个海区的鸢乌贼角质颚及其胴长进行模式识别。研究结果显示, 训练成型的神经网络收敛误差仅为4.416×10^-2, 加入动量和自适应学习率的BP神经网络对鸢乌贼地理种群的识别率有显著提高。3个海区的正确识别率分别为100%、88.89%和94.12%, 总成功率为 93.24%, 说明角质颚外部形态和胴长可用于鸢乌贼地理种群的区分。而BP神经网络的其他学习算法, 如梯度下降法、单一动量法和单一自适应法的总识别率分为74.32%, 77.03%和87.84%。本研究的识别效果稳定, 对于大样本训练集的识别率也高达92.77%, 为头足类的种群判别提供了新的方法和思路。     

Hydrodynamic Performance of the Arc-Shaped Bottom-Mounted Breakwater

The problem of the hydrodynamic interaction with the arc-shaped bottom-mounted breakwaters is investigated theoretically. The breakwater is assumed to be rigid, thin, impermeable and vertically located in a finite water depth. The fluid domain is divided into two sub-regions of inner and outer by an auxiliary circular interface. Linear theory is assumed and the eigenfunction expansion approach is used to determine the wave field. In order to examine the validity of the theoretical model, the analytical solutions are compared to agree well with published results with the same parameters. Numerical results including wave amplitude, surge pressure, and wave force are presented with different model parameters. The major factors including wave parameters, structure configuration, and water depth that affect the surge pressure, wave forces, and wave amplitudes are discussed and illustrated by some graphs and cloud maps.     

21世纪以来俄罗斯人口增长与空间分布格局变化

在“一带一路”与“中蒙俄经济走廊”倡议的背景下,利用人口增减变化率、人口重心、人口密度变化率、人口地理集中度、人口商度等研究21世纪以来俄罗斯的人口增长与空间分布格局变化。结果表明：（1）21世纪以来,俄罗斯人口经历了先降后增的变化过程;中央区的人口显著上升,伏尔加、西伯利亚与远东区均呈下降趋势;莫斯科、圣彼得堡、乌拉尔区、北高加索区南端的联邦主体人口快速增加,西伯利亚区多数联邦主体人口缓慢增加,远东东部、莫斯科外围地域、伏尔加区多数联邦主体的人口缓慢减少,西北区北端联邦主体的人口急剧减少。（2）俄人口空间分布格局变化主要受地区间人口迁移流动的影响。空间上,俄人口重心不断朝西北向迁移,莫斯科市与圣彼得堡市的人口密度快速增加,远东与东西伯利亚区的人口密度缓慢降低,强化了俄人口分界线——“圣彼得堡-图瓦线”。以“圣图线”为界,俄“西密东疏”“欧洲密、亚洲疏”的格局短期不会改变,整体呈“一横、四纵、两团”及若干区域人口集团的空间结构。     

ArcGIS Model Builder在历史数据处理中的应用

在智慧潍坊时空大数据与云平台的建设中,需要将历史地形图数据进行数据入库。与传统的地形图人工内业数据入库处理方法相比,基于ArcGISModelBuilder技术对数据处理过程建模,对数据进行自动化处理的做法在作业中具有极大的优势。利用该工具创建了房屋、高程点、控制点等几种地物的自动化处理模型,实现了多种地形图要素的自动化处理,简化了传统的地形图入库作业流程,提高了数据处理效率。该文以潍坊市历史地形图为例,验证了该方法在保证数据质量的同时,能够有效提高数据的生产效率,为历史地形图数据的生产入库提供了切实可行的操作思路和实现工具,同时可为其他地区历史地形图数据入库工作提供参考。     

滨海含水层胶体絮凝导致地层损害的实验研究

滨海含水层地层损害是指淡水驱替咸水过程中,释放后的黏土胶体发生絮凝沉降,导致地层孔隙被堵塞,引起含水介质的渗透性降低的现象。该文通过絮凝沉降实验和定流速砂柱实验,分析不同离子强度和阳离子价态(一价、二价)对胶体絮凝沉降的影响,结果表明:NaCl作为电解质时,絮凝发生的离子强度范围在0.032~0.034 mol/L之间,絮凝时间从82 min减少至39 min;而电解质为CaCl 2,离子强度为0.006 mol/L时,胶体的絮凝时间仅需6 min;钙钠比越高,黏粒絮凝发生的越快。砂柱实验结果显示,含水介质渗透性会随着电解质溶液的离子强度增加和阳离子价态的升高快速降低。当电解质为NaCl,离子强度分别为0.054 mol/L和0.017 mol/L时,含水介质渗透性降低20%所需时间分别为15 min和50 min;当电解质为CaCl2,离子强度为0.011 mol/L时,含水介质渗透性降低20%仅需5 min。因为高离子强度和高价阳离子可以加速胶体絮凝,多孔介质的孔吼更容易发生堵塞,研究成果对降低滨海含水层的地层损害有一定的实际应用价值。