1961～2017年雅鲁藏布江河谷地区夏季气候暖干化趋势

基于1961～2017年青藏高原腹地雅鲁藏布江河谷地区4个站（拉萨、日喀则、泽当和江孜）夏季（6～8月）月平均气温、降水和相对湿度等观测资料,分析了该地区夏季气候年际和年代际演变特征,并探讨了气温、降水和相对湿度在年际和年代际时间尺度上的相互关系以及与总云量和地面水汽压的联系。结果表明:（1）1961～2017年该地区夏季气候出现了暖干化趋势。气温（相对湿度）显著升高（下降）,降水趋势变化不明显;本世纪初气温（相对湿度）均发生了显著的突变。（2）该地区夏季气候因子间在年际和年代际时间尺度上存在密切关系:气温与相对湿度和降水均存在明显的负相关,降水与相对湿度为正相关。（3）该地区夏季气候因子间的年际和年代际变化与同期总云量和地面水汽变化有关。1961～2017年总云量持续减少是气温显著升高的主要原因之一,气温的显著升高和降水变化不明显又造成了相对湿度的显著下降。     

基于迁移学习的青藏高原东北缘地震诱发滑坡易发性评估模型

通过研究,旨在提出一种迁移学习方法,以应对机器学习在缺乏历史滑坡点数据的大区域很难取得良好的评估效果的挑战。首先,通过结合10个影响因子利用随机森林算法对2013年芦山7.0级地震极震区进行预训练,得到高精度的预训练模型。随后,采用直推式迁移学习方法进行初始迁移,并利用“半监督”评估方式补充青藏高原东北缘地区的标签数值点。最后,利用归纳式迁移学习进一步训练预训练模型,得到在青藏高原东北缘地区评估更准确的地震诱发滑坡易发性评估图。此外,使用Kullback-Leibler散度计算迁移前后区域影响因子数据的相似性,并对2022年泸定6.8级地震极震区进行评估应用,验证基于迁移学习的青藏高原东北缘地震诱发滑坡易发性评估模型的准确性。研究结果可为该区域地震诱发滑坡灾害预防提供一定的参考。     

水晶中裂隙成因及其鉴定意义

从结晶学入手,分析了天然水晶中愈合裂隙的成因和合成水晶形成愈合裂隙的可能性,比较了天然水晶和合成水晶裂隙的特征,认为愈合裂隙可以作为天然水晶鉴定的标志型特征。     

X射线粉晶衍射法在萤石矿药鉴定与质量评价中的应用

利用X射线粉晶衍射仪对不同产地的萤石矿物药进行全谱扫描。根据X射线粉晶衍射5强峰确定萤石矿物药的主成分，并检测出萤石矿物药中的其他矿物成分。在矿物药所有组分半定量分析的基础上，对萤石矿物药质量进行评价。     

地下水开采下的植被生态风险评价——以鄂尔多斯乌兰淖地区为例

当地下水开采引起地下水位埋深超过当地原生植被的适宜水位时就会诱发植被生态风险,对植被生态风险进行定量评价可以为保护生态环境和地下水资源可持续开采提供指导.以鄂尔多斯乌兰淖水源地为例,以大量的现状植被样方调查和水文地质调查成果为基础,选取高斯模型(基于植被数量生态学的生态关系模型)回归分析方法对乌兰淖水源地的地下水位埋深和植被数据进行分析,得到植被多度同地下水位埋深的数学模型并确定乌兰淖地区适宜生态水位,在此基础上建立以地下水位埋深为变量的植被生态风险评价指标.建立研究区地下水流数值模型对拟选开采方案开采时段的流场进行预报,依据未来开采条件下地下水位的变化程度,对植被生态风险进行计算并分区.从评价结果来看,乌兰淖地区在规划开采条件下植被生态安全区和低风险区占70%以上,对于高中风险区依据各种植被的适宜生态水位提出保护建议.     

PIV在横流中的湍射流实验研究中的应用

利用粒子图象测速技术(PIV),对横流中具有复杂结构流动的湍射流进行了详细观测.实验给出了射流沿程发展情况和由断面最大流速连线形成的轨迹线方程,研究中还发现射流尾迹区中的大尺度结构与圆柱绕流有很大区别.     

减缓气候变化的若干建议

越来越多研究和观测结果表明气候变化已经给人类生活和社会经济带来影响,全球气候变化问题已经成为世界各国所必须面对的挑战。目前国际科学界认为,气候变化至少部分是由人类活动引起的,解决气候变化问题的根本措施之一是减少温室气体的人为排放。主要针对如何减缓气候变化的影响,建议采取相应的政策措施,以实现减缓气候变化的目标。     

Magnetic Fabric Study of Late Holocene Sediments in Huangqihai Lake,Inner Mongolia and its Sedimentary Significance

The detailed magnetic susceptibility anisotropy study on the sediments of two sections, which are located in the lake-center and the lakeshore of the Huangqihai Lake,Inner Mongolia, revealed their hydrodynamics and sedimentary environment changes in the recent 2000 years.The results show that the sediments of two sections both display normal depositional magnetic fabrics,of which the minimum susceptibility axes（K₃） are oriented perpendicular to the bedding plane and the maximum magnetic susceptibility axes（K₁） lie parallel with the bedding plane.In addition,the lakeshore presents higher magnetic anisotropy degree（P）,magnetic foliation（F） and current factor （F_s） than the lake-center,showing that the lakeshore has higher flow velocity.For the west Huangqihai Lake（HQW） section in the lake-center,the magnetic matrix grain degree（Q） and the inclination of the minimum susceptibility axes sharply increased and decreased,respectively,at a depth of about 10 cm,24 cm,45 cm and 74 cm,which indicate abnormal depositional events with strong kinetic energy.Through comparative analysis,the HQW section can be divided into three stages from top to bottom.The upper stage was a stable depositional environment with strong hydrodynamic energy and low water level,which shows relatively higher F_s value and the Q value varies similarly with P and F.The middle stage was a stable depositional environment with high water level and low hydrodynamic energy,intermitted with high-energy abnormal events,which shows relatively lower F_s and the Q value was negatively correlated with P and F.The lower stage was an unstable depositional environment with low hydrodynamic energy and high water level,which shows relatively lower P,F,and F_s value.     

An Upper Triassic Hexacoral from the Yungching District, Hsikang

During his reconnaissance survey of the Takuangshan iron ore deposit ofYungching, Hsikang, in the autumn of 1939, C. J. Peng collected specimens offossil coral from the Triassic limestone of that region. The material was studied     

Xinjiangoxylon Gen.Nov., a New Gymnosperm from the Latest Permian of China

Following the greatest known end-Permian mass extinction plants have low diversity. Lycopsids and conifers dominated on land. A new gymnosperm Xinjiangoxylon gen. nov. is proposed based on a woody stem specimen collected from the Upper Permian （latest, Changhsingian） Upper Guodikeng Formation of the Taoshuyuan section, Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China. The decorticated stem is characterized by a complex pith, endarch primary xylem and a thick secondary xylem cylinder. Numerous petrified woods were found in the Changhsingian at this section. However, there are rare wood fossils in the Early Triassic. The abrupt decrease of fossil woods worldwide relates to the crisis at the end of the Permian. Xinjiangoxylon turpanense gen et. sp. nov. appears to represents one gymnosperm that existed in the latest Permian.