Variation of Thornthwaite moisture index in Hengduan Mountains,China

The Thornthwaite moisture index, an index of the supply of water(precipitation) in an area relative to the climatic demand for water(potential evapotranspiration), was used to examine the spatial and temporal variation of drought and to verify the influence of environmental factors on the drought in the Hengduan Mountains, China. Results indicate that the Thornthwaite moisture index in the Hengduan Mountains had been increasing since 1960 with a rate of 0.1938/yr. Annual Thornthwaite moisture index in Hengduan Mountains was between –97.47 and 67.43 and the spatial heterogeneity was obvious in different seasons. Thornthwaite moisture index was high in the north and low in the south, and the monsoon rainfall had a significant impact on its spatial distribution. The tendency rate of Thornthwaite moisture index variation varied in different seasons, and the increasing trends in spring were greater than that in summer and autumn. However, the Thornthwaite moisture index decreased in winter. Thornthwaite moisture index increased greatly in the north and there was a small growth in the south of Hengduan Mountains. The increase of precipitation and decrease of evaporation lead to the increase of Thornthwaite moisture index. Thornthwaite moisture index has strong correlation with vegetation coverage. It can be seen that the correlation between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) and Thornthwaite moisture index was positive in spring and summer, but negative in autumn and winter. Correlation between Thornthwaite moisture index and relative soil relative moisture content was positive in spring, summer and autumn, but negative in winter. The typical mountainous terrain affect the distribution of temperature, precipitation, wind speed and other meteorological factors in this region, and then affect the spatial distribution of Thornthwaite moisture index. The unique ridge-gorge terrain caused the continuity of water-heat distribution from the north to south, and the water-heat was stronger than that from the east to west part, and thus determined the spatial distribution of Thornthwaite moisture index. The drought in the Hengduan Mountains area is mainly due to the unstable South Asian monsoon rainfall time.     

微型桩结合灰土桩在黄土地区纠倾加固工程中的应用

黄土地区高层建筑纠倾加固的工程实例研究目前较少,虽然既有地基基础加固措施很多,但是它们在黄土地区的应用有一定局限性。文章在工程实践基础上,将微型桩与灰土桩两种结构有机地结合在一起,对该加固结构的布置形式、施工工艺、技术要求等方面进行了研究;充分发挥各自优点,提高微型桩承载力,控制建筑沉降。通过纠倾加固工程实例,对微型桩结合灰土桩的加固效果进行研究,结果显示加固建筑从纠倾结束到沉降稳定,最大沉降量仅5.6 mm,表明微型桩结合灰土桩在黄土地区高层建筑加固工程中加固效果良好,可为相似工程提供借鉴经验。     

三峡库岸滑坡变形特征及影响因素分析

三峡库区涉水滑坡主要影响因素是水位和降雨量,也是库区滑坡体失稳的主要影响因素和诱发因素。库区每年重复着水位升降不利于滑坡的稳定,而降雨特别是大强度的降雨也诱发产生滑坡。当水位波动遇到降雨,出现工况叠加,滑坡将加剧。因此,有必要对影响滑坡变形的主导因素进行了解分析。2016年6月三峡库区全面展开了自动化监测,使得数据统计方便可靠。本文采用滑坡变形速率、降雨量、库水位变化、最大水位变化速率、淹没程度,运用灰色关联度分析法对涉水滑坡进行了计算分析。水位下降阶段,文中土质滑坡变形受库水位影响最大。水位上升阶段,该土质滑坡上部变形受降雨影响最大,下部受水位影响最大。文中岩质滑坡总是受库水位影响最大。     

大兴安岭呼中钼多金属矿床成矿流体特征及成矿机制

大兴安岭呼中镇钼多金属矿床产于早白垩世碎裂花岗岩中,矿体形态似层状、脉状或透镜状。成矿阶段分为辉钼矿阶段、铜铅锌阶段、方解石阶段等3个阶段。本矿床中的包裹体主要有气液H_2O包裹体、气相H_2O包裹体、含子矿物H_2O包裹体,CO_2包裹体、CO_2-H_2O包裹体等五大类。辉钼矿阶段均一温度为209.2℃413.4℃,盐度ω(NaCleq)为0.53%16.53%,平均值7.3%,属中低盐度,成矿压力在53.3 68.5 MPa,相应的成矿深度为2 052 2 807 m;铜铅锌阶段为191.5℃351.0℃,盐度ω(NaCleq)为0.88%34.24%,平均值3.96%,属低盐度;方解石阶段207.2℃233.5℃,盐度ω(NaCleq)为3.55%4.18%,平均值3.77%,为低盐度。从辉钼矿阶段到铜铅锌阶段再到方解石阶段,温度及盐度逐渐降低。辉钼矿成矿压力在53.3 72.9 MPa,成矿深度为2 052 2 807 m。成矿过程中发生了CO_2-H_2O不混溶作用,这是导致辉钼矿沉淀的主要机制。矿床类型属中低温浅成热液型矿床。     

基于遥感和GIS的岩溶区1∶5万区域地质填图难易程度分区

从岩溶区1∶5万区域地质填图的实际需求出发,采用遥感地质综合解译和GIS综合分析相结合的技术手段,在详细解译区域地质、地貌、环境、水文等要素的基础上,以地层延伸性、地形地势、水系形态、冲沟密度为评价参数,定性地划分了研究区1∶5万区域地质填图的难易程度。实地调查显示,区域地质填图难易程度分区的成果与研究区的实际地质情况基本一致,可作为岩溶区1∶5万区域地质填图工作部属的依据,能在保证成果精度的前提下显著提高岩溶区1∶5万区域地质调查的工作效率。      

辽西地区北票组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征的差异性

北票组是辽西地区重要的一套煤系地层,被认为是该区油气勘探的重要目的层.坤头营子剖面和卧龙剖面是该区较为有代表性的北票组地层剖面,对于研究北票组的沉积环境、有机质来源等具有重要意义.采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）等技术对2个剖面的烃源岩样品进行了分析测试,结果显示两组样品表现出不同的地球化学特征.坤头营子剖面的烃源岩样品抽提物正构烷烃的质量色谱图均为单峰态,主峰碳数以C₁₉为主,姥鲛烷/植烷比值（Pr/Ph）在3.0~4.0之间;甾烷系列中以C₂₉甾烷为优势,C₂₃三环萜烷含量相对较低,伽马蜡烷指数低（平均0.08）.取自卧龙剖面的样品质量色谱图大部分呈现双峰态,Pr/Ph值低;甾烷系列中C₂₇占优势,萜烷系列中C₂₃三环萜烷含量高,具有较高的伽马蜡烷含量（平均0.23）,且各项生标成熟度参数均已达到异构平衡化阶段.结合样品的全岩分析显微组分分析结果,认为两者主要差异可能是剖面附近的侵入岩造成,北票组烃源岩有机质具有陆源高等植物和低等水生生物双重来源,以陆源高等植物为主.     

大兴安岭南部地区林西组油气勘探前景探讨

基于露头资料,利用有机地球化学分析技术,通过研究大兴安岭南部林西组地层及烃源岩发育特征,探讨有利勘探方向.结果表明：大兴安岭南部地区上二叠统林西组广泛发育,其沉积环境主体为三角洲-湖相沉积;林西组暗色泥岩有机质含量以中等为主,有机质类型为Ⅱ₂~Ⅲ型,有机质热演化达到高熟-过熟阶段.该区开展油气勘探应远离侵入岩发育区,在有中生界覆盖地区,保存条件及盖层条件更为有利.     

CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-assisted removal of nutrients from municipal wastewater by microalgae <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chlorella vulgaris</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scenedesmus obliquus</Emphasis>

Axenic culture of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris ATCC^® 13482 and Scenedesmus obliquus FACHB 417 was used for phycoremediation of primary municipal wastewater. The main aim of this study was to measure the effects of normal air and CO₂-augmented air on the removal efficacy of nutrients (ammonia N and phosphate P) from municipal wastewater by the two microalgae. Batch experiments were carried out in cylindrical glass bottles of 1 L working volume at 25 °C and cool fluorescent light of 6500 lux maintaining 14/10 h of light/dark cycle with normal air supplied at 0.2 L min^?1 per liter of the liquid for both algal strains for the experimental period. In the next set of experiments, the treatment process was enhanced by using 1, 2 and 5% CO₂/air (vol./vol.) supply into microalgal cultures. The enrichment of inlet air with CO₂ was found to be beneficial. The maximum removal of 76.3 and 76% COD, 94.2 and 92.6% ammonia, and 94.8 and 93.1% phosphate after a period of 10 days was reported for C. vulgaris and S. obliquus, respectively, with 5% CO₂/air supply. Comparing the two microalgae, maximum removal rates of ammonia and phosphate by C. vulgaris were 4.12 and 1.75 mg L^?1 day^?1, respectively, at 5% CO₂/air supply. From kinetic study data, it was found that the specific rates of phosphate utilization (q _phsophate) by C. vulgaris and S. obliquus at 5% CO₂/air supply were 1.98 and 2.11 day^?1, respectively. Scale-up estimation of a reactor removing phosphate (the criteria pollutant) from 50 MLD wastewater influent was also done.     

基于GF-2影像西藏桑耶地区岩性-构造遥感解译

西藏桑耶地区位于青藏高原中南部,区内切割强烈,地势陡峻,属于高山峡谷区。为提高区域地质调查野外工作效率,在调查中率先开展了遥感解译研究。在充分收集已有资料的基础上,通过对GF-2卫星数据进行预处理和影像增强,结合野外验证建立了各地质要素的遥感解译标志,实现了区内不同地层岩性、侵入岩、断裂和褶皱等地质要素的提取,最终编制了研究区1:5万遥感地质解译图,为区域地质调查提供了数据支撑。结果表明: 各地质要素在GF-2数据上均有良好反映,完全满足1:5万尺度的遥感地质解译和编图的需要,充分显示出该卫星数据在区域地质调查等工作中具有良好的应用前景。     

庐枞火山岩盆地南部拔茅山铜矿深部找矿潜力分析

位于庐枞火山岩盆地南部的拔茅山铜矿,是细脉带蚀变岩型脉状铜矿的代表。研究表明,其深部具有斑岩型铜矿的勘探潜力。为了进一步明确其深部找矿潜力,针对研究区斑岩型、热液型铜多金属矿的岩体、断裂、接触带等主要控矿因素,利用高精度磁法和可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)成果,分别对拔茅山岩体的分布、产状和深部形态及其与围岩的接触带特征进行了剖析。在此基础上,通过与沙溪斑岩铜矿地质、物探异常特征的类比,指明了研究区的找矿方向和有利找矿部位,为进一步找矿提供了思路和依据。