基于KronosFlow软件对逆冲推覆带构造-热演化的初探

盆地模拟是含油气盆地勘探评价的重要技术方法之一,然而传统的盆地建模2D模拟技术仅适用于拉张型盆地,使得挤压型盆地横向上的热史重建一直是个难题,从而制约了进一步的油气勘探。目前由法国Beicip-Franlab公司设计的KronosFlow软件突破了传统盆模软件对逆冲推覆带、盐构造和泥底辟等复杂构造的局限性,精确控制了横向和垂向上的构造位移,通过跟踪单个网格连续运动形态、恢复侧向变形量以及与TemisFlow软件无缝衔接,实现了对挤压型盆地埋藏史、热史、生排烃史以及油气运聚史的恢复。以塔里木盆地北缘柯坪逆冲推覆带和库车逆冲推覆带为例,利用KronosFlow软件定量反演了新生代以来的构造-热演化历史,并以实测数据约束并验证挤压环境下盆地模拟结果的有效性。柯坪逆冲推覆带的依木干他乌断层在40~30 Ma再次活动,断层附近志留系—泥盆系的温度大于85 ℃,柯坪塔格断层在15~10 Ma活动,断层附近志留系—泥盆系的温度小于70 ℃,寒武系（烃源岩成熟度为1.3%~1.7%）和奥陶系（烃源岩成熟度为0.7%~1.2%）烃源岩热演化程度高,生烃能力强。库车逆冲推覆带侏罗系北段温度介于50~70 ℃,南段温度介于210~230 ℃,盐构造造成地温异常,其中秋里塔格构造带膏盐岩最厚,降温效果最明显。      

A Numerical Investigation on Microphysical Properties of Clouds and Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau in Summer 2014

In order to improve our understanding of microphysical properties of clouds and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), six cloud and precipitation processes with different intensities during the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment (TIPEX-Ⅲ) from 3 July to 25 July 2014 in Naqu region of the TP are investigated by using the high-resolution mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The results show unique properties of summertime clouds and precipitation processes over the TP. The initiation process of clouds is closely associated with strong solar radiative heating in the daytime, and summertime clouds and precipitation show an obvious diurnal variation. Generally, convective clouds would transform into stratiform clouds with an obvious bright band and often produce strong rainfall in midnight. The maximum cloud top can reach more than 15 km above sea level and the velocity of updraft ranges from 10 to 40 m s-1. The simulations show high amount of supercooled water content primarily located between 0 and -20℃ layer in all the six cases. Ice crystals mainly form above the level of -20℃ and even appear above the level of -40℃ within strong convective clouds. Rainwater mostly appears below the melting layer, indicating that its formation mainly depends on the melting process of precipitable ice particles. Snow and graupel particles have the characteristics of high content and deep vertical distribution, showing that the ice phase process is very active in the development of clouds and precipitation. The conversion and formation of hydrometeors and precipitation over the plateau exhibit obvious characteristics. Surface precipitation is mainly formed by the melting of graupel particles. Although the warm cloud microphysical process has less direct contribution to the formation of surface precipitation, it is important for the formation of supercooled raindrops, which are essential for the formation of graupel embryos through heterogeneous freezing process. The growth of graupel particles mainly relies on the riming process with supercooled cloud water and aggregation of snow particles.     

同位素水化学指示的新疆孔雀河流域地下水与地表水关系

地下水是孔雀河流域农业灌溉的主要水源之一,其对本地区经济发展的支撑作用日益增强.为实现孔雀河流域水资源合理开发和生态保护,采用环境同位素和水化学方法,研究了孔雀河流域地下水与地表水关系.结果表明:地下水的主要补给来源为河水.含水层成因类型和现代河道分布共同控制着孔雀河流域地下咸淡水的空间分布格局;氢氧稳定同位素对不同水...     

电性源瞬变电磁法的迭前和迭后数据小波分析

电性源瞬变电磁法用于深部勘探时,观测到的垂直磁场脉冲响应非常微弱,常伴有严重的干扰噪声,从噪声中提取反映深部地层的中、晚期磁场信号非常重要.为此提出将多分辨率小波分析应用于电性源瞬变电磁法数据分析,并对西部某勘探区垂直磁场响应的迭前和迭后教据作多尺度分解后进行分析和比较的结果表明:①小波分析对数据具有良好的时频局部化特性,垂直磁场响应的迭前和迭后记录在不同频段上的分布特征可以清晰地反映出来;②高频干扰主要反映于数据的分解细节,反映深部信息的中、晚期弱信号存在于分解概貌;③迭后记录加入随机噪声与不加入随机噪声的处理结果类似,而迭前记录则不同,迭前记录比迭后记录具有更丰富的信息,并主要表现在早期.在电性源瞬变电磁法深部勘探中,利用更多的迭前记录的小波分解概貌对资料处理的解释工作很有意义.     

Evaluation of Inference Adequacy in Cumulative Logistic Regression Models: An Empirical Validation of ISWRidge Relationships

Internal solitary wave propagation over a submarine ridge results in energy dissipation, in which the hydrodynamic interaction between a wave and ridge affects marine environment. This study analyzes the effects of ridge height and potential energy during wave-ridge interaction with a binary and cumulative logistic regression model. In testing the Global Null Hypothesis, all values are p 〈0.001, with three statistical methods, such as Likelihood Ratio, Score, and Wald. While comparing with two kinds of models, tests values obtained by cumulative logistic regression models are better than those by binary logistic regression models. Although this study employed cumulative logistic regression model, three probability functions p^1, p^2 and p^3, are utilized for investigating the weighted influence of factors on wave reflection. Deviance and Pearson tests are applied to cheek the goodness-of-fit of the proposed model. The analytical results demonstrated that both ridge height （X1 ） and potential energy （X2 ） significantly impact （p 〈 0. 0001 ） the amplitude-based refleeted rate; the P-values for the deviance and Pearson are all 〉 0.05 （0.2839, 0.3438, respectively）. That is, the goodness-of-fit between ridge height （ X1 ） and potential energy （X2） can further predict parameters under the scenario of the best parsimonious model. Investigation of 6 predictive powers （ R2, Max-rescaled R^2, Sorners＇ D, Gamma, Tau-a, and c, respectively） indicate that these predictive estimates of the proposed model have better predictive ability than ridge height alone, and are very similar to the interaction of ridge height and potential energy. It can be concluded that the goodness-of-fit and prediction ability of the cumulative logistic regression model are better than that of the binary logistic regression model.     

Evaluation of Inference Adequacy in Cumulative Logistic Regression Models： An Empirical Validation of ISW-Ridge Relationships

Internal solitary wave propagation over a submarine ridge results in energy dissipation, in which the hydrodynamic interaction between a wave and ridge affects marine environment. This study analyzes the effects of ridge height and potential energy during wave-ridge interaction with a binary and cumulative logistic regression model. In testing the Global Null Hypothesis, all values are p<0.001, with three statistical methods, such as Likelihood Ratio, Score, and Wald. While comparing with two kinds of models, tests values obtained by cumulative logistic regression models are better than those by binary logistic regression models. Although this study employed cumulative logistic regression model, three probability functions p^1, p^2 and p^3, are utilized for investigating the weighted influence of factors on wave reflection. Deviance and Pearson tests are applied to check the goodness-of-fit of the proposed model. The analytical results demonstrated that both ridge height (X1) and potential energy (X2) significantly impact (p<0.0001) the amplitude-based reflected rate; the P-values for the deviance and Pearson are all >0.05 (0.2839, 0.3438, respectively). That is, the goodness-of-fit between ridge height (X1) and potential energy (X2) can further predict parameters under the scenario of the best parsimonious model.Investigation of 6 predictive powers (R2, Max-rescaled R2, Somers'D, Gamma, Tau-a, and c, respectively) indicate that these predictive estimates of the proposed model have better predictive ability than ridge height alone, and are very similar to the interaction of ridge height and potential energy. It can be concluded that the goodness-of-fit and prediction ability of the cumulative logistic regression model are better than that of the binary logistic regression model.     

The Evaluation on Biological Properties of Carboxymethylchitosan and Carboxymethyl-chitin

Carboxymethyl-chitosan and carboxymethyl-chitin were prepared with the methods developed in our laboratory. The DS （degree of substitution） and DD （degree of deacetylation） of the carboxymethyl-chitosan were 103.14% and 97.18% respectively, while the DS of the carboxymethyl-chitin was 96.37%. Their effects on human fibroblasts, intradermal irritation test, in vitro and vivo degradability, and biocompatibility were evaluated. The results indicate that the polysaccharides at low concentrations can facilitate the growth of human fibroblasts and the carboxymethyl-chitosan at 100 μg mL^-1 is the most effective. The polysaccharides at higher concentrations, however, inhibit the growth of fibroblasts. The PII （Primary Irritation Index） values of CM-chitosan and CM-chitin are both 0.0, which shows that they have no irritation reaction. Both of the polysaccharides show good degradability and biocompatibility. Carboxymethyl-chitin degrades faster in vitro than carboxymethyl-chitosan. The latter, however, has no inflammatory reaction after being implanted in vivo for 7 d and shows better biocompatibility. This study may provide a scientific basis for the use of earboxymethyl-ehitosan and carboxymethyl-chitin as biomaterials.     

应用测量技术解决城市地铁与地下管线影响问题的研究

城市地铁和地下管线是城市设施的两个重要内容,二者同处地下空间,相互影响,测量是解决二者空间冲突和安全建设、运营的重要技术手段。通过分析城市地铁与地下管线在设计、施工及运营阶段的影响关系,提出了解决问题的措施,介绍了解决措施中的关键技术问题,为地铁建设、运营对地下管线的影响等有关问题提供了解决思路。     

中长基线周跳实时探测和修复的新方法

提出了一种适合网络RTK基准站间周跳实时探测和修复的新方法.该方法根据基准站坐标已知的特点,反求模糊度的浮点解来探测周跳并确定周跳的范围,最后结合电离层残差组合来修复周跳.该方法可以应用到当基准站没有精确已知的坐标时的静态实时周跳探测和修复中,通过理论分析和实际计算表明,该方法处理周跳的能力较强,具有实时探测和修复中长基线的失锁时间较长的周跳,且计算简单的特点.     

祁连山亚高山灌丛林叶面积指数与冠层氮、磷的关系

氮和磷作为植物体内重要的生命元素,在植物群落的生长发育过程中发挥着重要的作用。为了明确祁连山亚高山灌丛林叶面积指数与冠层氮、磷之间的关系,本文通过对祁连山亚高山灌丛林不同植被类型(箭叶锦鸡儿、高山吉拉柳、金露梅)及不同放牧处理(羊群、牦牛,未放牧)条件下灌丛群落的叶面积指数(LAI)与叶片氮积累量(TFN)、叶片磷积累量(TFP)比较发现,在整个亚高山灌丛群落中,LAI与TFN和TFP之间都有较强的相关性,并且TFN和TFP比值的变化表明不同植被类型叶片的生长都受到N、P的共同限制,只是随着LAI的增加,高山吉拉柳主要受到氮素的限制,箭叶锦鸡儿主要受到磷素的限制,而金露梅则受到N、P的共同限制;在不同放牧条件下,单位面积LAI对应的TFN的值较高而TFP的值较低,说明动物通过对植被的啃食可能会改变群落的模式,在一定程度上限制磷的摄入。LAI、N、P之间的耦合关系表明了亚高山灌丛群落的LAI在物种组成、放牧和冠层密度上存在差异,但仍然受到N和P的约束。研究结果有利于探索水分限制条件下祁连山灌丛林生态系统植物叶片与养分元素之间关系,对于研究干旱区高寒灌丛生态系统在全球气候变化中的作用及其对全球气候变化的响应与反馈,具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。