重力水平梯度矢量法在琼东南盆地基底断裂划分上的应用

基底断裂与盆地是一对相互影响的伴生构造,断裂活动控制盆地内沉积填充和构造样式以及后期资源的分布。本文利用琼东南盆地2′×2′的自由空间重力异常,在进行地形校正、布格异常校正得到布格重力异常的基础上求得重力水平梯度矢量。尝试利用重力水平梯度矢量对基底断裂进行划分并取得良好效果:在盆地基底划分出48条断裂,并将其分为3个等级,其中一级断裂5条,二级断裂8条,三级断裂35条;将确定的断裂与其他地质、地球物理方法(地震剖面)确定的断裂进行比较,发现在主要格架上具有一致性;重力水平梯度矢量法与其他解释方法比较具有成本低廉、方法简单、结果直观的优点。     

Geological and Geophysical Conditions for Potential Natural Gas Hydrate Resources in Southern South China Sea Waters

The water depth in Nansha(南沙) waters,which is located in the southern South China Sea,varies from 200 to 2 500 m,with a deep-water(>500 m) area of 500 000 km2.In this region,there are many depositional basins with various structural features,prone to the accumulation of organic material.The temperature and pressure conditions in the deep-water environment are suitable for the preservation of gas hydrate.At several sites,we have recognized bottom-simulating reflectors(BSRs) from seismic data.Regional geology...     

2000-2025年环境保护政策情景下中国陆地碳储量估算

政策总是通过对土地利用/土地覆被的强烈影响而影响陆地碳平衡。本研究旨在探讨环境保护政策（主要是退耕还林）政策对我国陆地碳平衡的影响,从而为政府部门等相关政策制定者提供环境保护和应对气候变化的决策支持。利用DLS（Dynamics Land System）模型对2000-2025年环境保护政策情景下的土地利用变化模拟结果和前人对碳密度的研究成果,运用碳密度法估算了该政策情景对中国陆地碳储量的影响。研究结果表明,在整个阶段,林地将增加23%,耕地和草地将分别减少37%和11%,由此会引起我国森林碳储量每年增加66.0 Tg C,土壤碳储量每年增加13.3 Tg C,而草地碳储量则每年减少5.7 Tg C。总体而言,在环境保护政策情景下,2000-2025年中国整个陆地生态系统的碳储量将增加1.8 Pg C,年均增加量为0.074 Pg C,而这种变化89.6%的原因源于森林碳储量的增加。     

中国10类典型稻田生态系统服务评价

在公开发表数据基础上,本研究评价了全国6大稻作区10类稻田提供的生态系统服务。研究的服务包括稻田初级产品生产、气体调节、氮素转化、土壤有机质累积以及水调节和洪水控制等5项生态系统服务。研究结果显示,稻田谷物产量为4.71–12.18 t ha^-1 y^-1,稻草为4.65–9.79 t ha^-1 y^-1;O2调节量为8.27–19.69 t ha^-1 y^-1,温室气体调节量为-2 .13–19.24 t ha^-1 y^-1 （CO2 当量）;氮素输入量为209.70–513.93 kg N ha^-1 y^-1,输出量为112.87–332.69 kg N ha^-1 y^-1;土壤有机质库变化为0.69–4.88 t C ha^-1 y^-1;水调节量为-19 875–6430 m3 ha^-1 y^-1,洪水控制量为1500 m3 ha^-1 y^-1。研究结果还显示,10类稻田的生态系统服务价值为8605–21 405 美元 ha^-1 y^-1,除了初级产品生产以外的其他生态系统服务价值仅占74%–89%。在施氮量为275–297 kg N ha^-1时,稻田生态系统服务价值相对较高。目前仅以农产品生产来计算稻田生态系统的价值显著低估了稻田生态系统对人类社会的重要性。随着越来越多的森林、草地等转为城市和工业用途,农田特别是稻田生态系统将具有越来越高的生态重要性。农田生态系统农产品生产以外的生态系统服务将受到越来越多的关注。     

泾河流域生态系统服务消耗及变化认知分析：基于农户问卷调查和参与式社区评估

本文以黄土高原泾河流域上游固原市为例,采用农户问卷调查和参与式社区评估方法,研究农户对生态系统服务认知及消费,并对两种方法认知结果进行比较分析。研究发现,农户问卷调查方法农户认知到食物供给、净化空气、净化环境、水土保持、供给洁净水、减少自然灾害、提高收入、薪柴供给、景观愉悦、牧草供给和防风固沙11项生态系统服务,农户日常对生态系统服务的占有和消耗及生态系统服务对农户的重要性程度影响农户对生态系统服务的认知;参与式社区评估（PRA）方法农户可以充分进行信息交流与讨论,与农户问卷调查法相比对生物多样性服务有了认知。研究区生态系统服务发生很大变化,食物供给和薪柴供给服务明显减弱,收入增加;受生态系统服务变化及收入水平的影响,农户食物和能源消费存在明显时空差异,总体而言,农户食物消费总量下降,大部分农户薪柴消费数量减少,农户对蔬菜、肉类、煤炭、天然气等的消费量增加。     

不同无机氮浓度下中肋骨条藻和三角褐指藻生长对生长环境pH的影响

海洋酸化是当前一个严重的环境问题,而海水pH的变化与微藻生长时对溶解无机碳的吸收有关。在室内条件下采用生理生态学方法,研究中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum和三角褐指藻Phaeodactylum tricornutum在不同无机氮水平下生长到最大生物量时培养液pH的变化。结果表明,培养液无机氮浓度从10μmol.L-1上升到200μmol.L-1过程中,2种微藻的叶绿素浓度和最终pH均呈上升趋势。培养液pH的增加量与无机氮的消耗量呈正相关关系,培养液pH的增加量与溶解无机碳的消耗量也呈正相关关系。     

Zircon U-Pb geochronology,geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes from the metamorphic basement in the Wuhe Complex:Implications for Neoarchean active continental margin along the southeastern North China Craton and constraints on the petrogenesis of Mesozoic g

We report zircon U-Pb geochronology,geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope data from mafic granulites and garnet amphibolites of the Wuhe Complex in the southeastern margin of the North China Craton (NCC).In combination with previous data,our results demonstrate that these rocks represent fragments of the ancient lower crust,and have features similar to those of the granulite basement in the northern margin of the NCC.A detailed evaluation of the Pb isotope data shows that Pb isotopes cannot effectively distinguish the role of the Yangtze Craton basement from that of the NCC basement with regard to the source and generation of magmas,at least for southeastern NCC.The age data suggest that the protoliths of the granulites or amphibolites in the Wuhe Complex were most likely generated in Neoarchean and that these rocks were subjected to Paleoproterozoic(1.8-1.9 Ga) high-pressure granulite facies metamorphism. This study also shows that the Precambrian metamorphic basement in the southeastern margin of the NCC might have formed in a tectonic setting characterized by a late Neoarchean active continental margin.     

Coral community dynamics and shallow-water carbonate deposition of the reef-flat around Yongxing Island,the Xisha Islands

Microbes and microbial carbonates in reef-flat and coral community dynamics and submarine geomorphologic features in reef crest and fore reef of Yongxing Island,the Xisha Islands,South China Sea,were studied by means of scuba diving,underwater investigation,and line intercept transect survey.Studies indicate a very high coral mortality with few living corals in the reef flat of Yongxing Island.Moreover,macro algae,sea grass and cyanobacteria are common in reef flat.Microbes and microbially induced carbonates occur in reef flat.Living corals grow mainly in the reef crest and fore reef,but are also declined dramatically.From coast to off shore,the southeast reef flat of Yongxing Island can be divided into beach,inner reef flat,outer reef flat,reef flat front(reef crest and fore reef),and fore-reef slope settings.Sedimentary facies include coast,reef flat,reef crest and fore reef,and fore-reef slope.Reefal carbonate sediments are composed of coral skeletons and framework,coral fragments,bioclasts,and lime mud.With the deterioration of environment and water quality,the coral communities tend to be distributed in the reef crest and fore reef with clean sea water,well circulation and moderate water energy.Reef flat is occupied mainly by the macro algae and Heliopora coerulea communities.The coverage statistics on the reef crest demonstrate that the coverage of Acropora cytherea is more than 28% and represents a dominant species with wave-resistant ecological type.Sedimentary characteristics and geomorphologic features are different between the southeast and northwest reef-flat fronts(reef crest and fore reef) of Yongxing Island.The former shows discontinuously tidal channels in outer reef flat and different dimensional and deep reef ponds in reef crest and fore reef,and the latter presents a typical spur-and-groove system.Microbes(cyanobacteria Lyngbya sp.) occur generally in the inner reef flat and reef ponds of reef crest with restricted water circulation.Widely algae growth indicates a eutrophic environment,and the common microbes on the coral surface in the reef flat and reef ponds also demonstrate eutrophication in seawater and deteriorated water quality.     

用交叉点数据计算中国近海海平面变化

讨论了由测高卫星升、降弧段海面高在交叉点上的约束监测海平面变化的方法；用TOPEX／POSIDON测高数据计算了中国黄海、东海、南海海域的海平面变化，其中黄海、东海海域受两个月周期分量的振荡信号影响，而南海海域以年周期变化为主要表现特征；分析了3个海区海平面变化的相关性，扣除两个月的周期分量振荡信号后，其海平面变化的相关性达到90％以上；分析了海水面积随纬度带的变化对不同纬度分布的海区海平面变化量的影响。     

固体潮对测站位移影响的理论研究

重新推导了IERS2 0 0 0中关于固体潮对测站位移影响的所有公式 ,指出 :在时间域内二阶和三阶引潮力位对测站位移影响的公式中 ,理论上应以测站地心距代替地球赤道半径。利用最新的精密引潮位展开代替IERS2 0 0 0采用的Cartwright&Tayler(1971)潮汐展开 ,重新计算了田谐潮波和带谐潮波的相对频率特性的改正。计算表明 ,以上两种修正在亚毫米量级上与IERS2 0 0 0存在差异 ,这在目前的空间大地测量技术中是必须考虑的。