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931.
G. Lanzo M. Tallini G. Milana G. Di Capua F. Del Monaco A. Pagliaroli S. Peppoloni 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2011,9(6):1855-1875
The paper focuses on the strong motion array deployed in the upper Aterno River Valley, in the immediate outskirts north-west
of the town of L’Aquila, which is part of the Italian Strong Motion Network operated by the Department of Civil Protection.
The array is composed of six accelerometric stations located along a cross section of the valley. The importance of this array
relies on the fact that a large amount of high-quality records were obtained during the 2009 L’Aquila seismic sequence, from
both the mainshock and several aftershocks. These data are especially important to investigate site effects in sediment-filled
valleys during moderate earthquakes in epicentral area because well-documented observational studies are very limited in the
literature. However, the main drawback for the study of site effects in the Aterno valley is the lack of a detailed knowledge
of the geometry of the valley, soil layering and dynamic properties of materials. The main motivation for this study stems
from the need to provide a reliable subsoil model of the valley coupled with high-quality strong motion data. Based on the
above, in the framework of S4 project, a major effort was undertaken to get a trustworthy cross section of the valley by an
ad hoc investigation, comprising geological and geotechnical surveys as well as an extensive geophysical campaign, characterized
by both active and passive measurements. These results were complemented by additional geological and geotechnical data available
in the literature. By merging all the information acquired, a 2D subsoil model of the transversal section of the upper Aterno
valley has been produced. The valley is characterised by an asymmetric shape with a shallower rock basement at the western
edge of the valley that deepens at the valley centre. Moreover, based on the results of geophysical tests, representative
Vs values were assigned to the different lithologic units forming the alluvial deposits filling the valley. Shear wave velocity
is a fundamental parameter for ground response studies and it is also effective in classifying the accelerometric station
from a seismic point of view. The 2D model may be therefore, considered a benchmark model for future studies of site effects.
It will offer the possibility to examine site effects with a complex underlying geology and to validate the results of numerical
simulations of site response analyses with the numerous observations from earthquake recordings, both for weak and strong
ground motion conditions. 相似文献
932.
Tunnel behaviour under earthquake loading is affected by many factors such as shape, depth and stiffness of the tunnel lining and the nature of the input motion. However, current knowledge on the effects of these parameters on the seismic behaviour of tunnels is limited to lack of experimental or field data. Existing analytical methods are based on assumptions, the validity of which needs to be established using carefully conducted experimental studies and numerical analyses. This paper focuses on the effects of input motion characteristics on seismic behaviour of circular and square tunnels. Dynamic centrifuge tests were carried out on model tunnels using input motions of different amplitude and frequency. Accelerations and earth pressures around the tunnels were measured. Complementary Finite Element analyses were conducted with different types of input motions. Results show that magnitude of the maximum input acceleration plays a crucial role on the maximum and residual lining forces, which the tunnel experiences. 相似文献
933.
934.
935.
936.
Within the framework of a linear theory, the instability of an electron beam with a finite radius in a cold magnetised boundless plasma is considered. It is shown that a finite beam dimension influences the generation of quasi-potential waves in two aspects: the perpendicular wave number is quantised so that the frequencies of the waves are subjected to strong selection; a new kind of instability appears due to wave energy losses by emission into surrounding space. Growth rate dependence of wave numbers and frequencies is investigated for typical parameters of experiments with electron beams in space. 相似文献
937.
V. A. Marinov S. V. Meledina O. S. Dzyuba O. S. Urman O. V. Yazikova V. A. Luchinina A. G. Zamirailova A. N. Fomin 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2006,14(4):418-432
Paleontological study of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sediments recovered by boreholes in the Agan-Vakh and Nadym-Vengapur interfluves clarified environments of their deposition. As is shown, influx of siliciclastic material to central areas of the West Siberian sea basin varied through time. Taxonomic composition and ecological structure of nektonic and benthic fossil assemblages are analyzed and considered in terms of environmental factors such as hydrodynamics, aeration, temperature, and salinity of seawater. 相似文献
938.
N. S. Bortnikov 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2006,48(1):1-22
Data on fluid inclusions and stable isotope compositions (O, H, C, and S) in minerals have been summarized for large-and middle-scale mesothermal gold deposits (Nezhdaninsk, Berezovsk, Kochkar’, Svetlinsk, Darasun, and Maisk), cassiterite-silicate-sulfide deposits of Sikhote Alin (Solnechnoe, Arsen’evsk, and Vysokogorsk), vein silver-base metal deposits in the Southern Verkhoyansk region (Prognoz and Kupol’noe), and epithermal copper-bismuth-silver-base metal deposits of the Karamazar district in Tajikistan (Kanimansur, Tary Ekan, and Zambarak). It is shown that ores precipitated from fluids with salinity varying from brines (up to 60 wt % NaCl equiv) to dilute fluids (1–3 wt % NaCl equiv). As a rule, fluids of different compositions entered the hydrothermal-magmatic system. A fluid mixture of H2O-CO2-NaCl±CH4±N2 predominated in the orogenic (mesothermal) gold-bearing hydrothermal systems, with deposition of the final-stage gold-bearing sulfosalts from aqueous-salt fluid. Brines played a significant role in the formation of cassiterite-silicate-sulfide and vein silver-base metal deposits. The brines often coexisted with a low-density vapor-rich fluid at the ore deposition site. The obtained data suggest a predominant magmatic component in the hydrothermal-magmatic systems, with a significant contribution of meteoric waters. 相似文献
939.
The composition, structure, and geochemical properties of the thickest, relatively deep-water Lower Miocene sediments developed in western Ciscaucasia are considered. Of particular interest are materials from the Kuban superdeep borehole SG-12000 that recovered the uppermost layers of the Maikop Group at 3148–3961 m in the central Indol-Kuban Trough west of Krasnodar. However, the borehole did not penetrate the whole Lower Miocene section of the Maikop Group. Therefore, characteristics of the Maikop Group are supplemented with new materials from several other boreholes drilled in the eastern Kuban region. Thus, the typical (reference) Lower Miocene section of central and western Ciscaucasia has been sufficiently well described. 相似文献
940.
This study focused on planktic foraminifera in plankton tows and surface sediments from the western Indian sector of Southern Ocean in order to evaluate the potential foraminiferal secondary calcification and/or dissolution in the sediment. It is found that the symbiotic foraminiferal species are abundant in the subtropical region, whereas non-symbiotic species dominate in the sub-Antarctic and polar frontal regions. The distribution of the symbiotic and non-symbiotic foraminiferal species is controlled by temperature, salinity, light, nutrients and phytoplankton biomass. There is also a lateral southern extent in abundance of planktic foraminifera from surface sediments to plankton tows. The shell weights of the planktic foraminifera N. pachyderma, G. bulloides and G. ruber within the surface sediments are on an average heavier by 27%, 34% and 40% respectively than shells of the same size within the plankton tows, indicative of secondary calcification. The planktic foraminiferal isotopes show the presence of heavier isotopes in the surface sediment foraminifera as compared to plankton tows, thus confirming secondary calcification. Secondary calcification in G. ruber occurs in the euphotic zone, whereas in case of N. pachyderma and G. bulloides it is at deeper depths. We also observed a decrease in the shell spines in surface sediment foraminifera as compared to plankton tows, indicative of the morphological changes that foraminifera underwent during gametogenesis. 相似文献