全球不同纬度带平均有效位能的季节急变

利用1980～1988年ECMWF的资料,计算了对流层500 hPa、300 hPa和平流层100 hPa逐日和月平均的纬向平均有效位能（PZ）,分析其季节过渡,比较不同纬度带的季节性急变。结果表明,在4月和10月附近,各纬度带上均可出现PZ的急变。而且用逐日资料还可分析出6月急变。在北半球对流层高层（100 hPa）PZ的季节性急变不如低层（500 hPa）明显,而在南半球PZ的季节性急变与北半球相反,高层比低层明显。     

不同卫星遥感干旱指数在黑龙江的对比应用

采用MODIS的1 km×1 km分辨率数据,以我国黑龙江为研究区,对基于植被指数的植被状态指数 (IVC)、基于地表温度的温度状态指数 (ITC) 和基于植被指数-地表温度特征空间的植被温度状态指数 (IVTC) 与10 cm,20 cm土壤相对湿度、降水量的关系、3种指数监测结果及其相互关系进行了对比分析。结果表明：IVTC相对于ITC,IVC更适于反映土壤湿度的变化,对浅层土壤湿度更加敏感;IVTC相对于ITC,IVC对降水更敏感,与监测时段的降水和前期总体降水都密切相关;在生长季早期,IVTC和ITC用于干旱监测的适用性明显优于IVC;不同区域间,IVTC的可比性较好,IVC和ITC则较差;IVTC所反映的地表温度信息对干旱的直接指示作用最强,所反映的植被信息对干旱的直接指示作用较弱。     

面向城区宽基线立体像对视角变化的结构自适应特征点匹配

提出一种基于结构自适应特征的城区宽基线影像特征点匹配方法。首先,对影像提取点特征和直线特征,挖掘点特征与其邻域内直线特征之间的几何关系,构建结构自适应的特征区域和特征描述符,并通过双向匹配策略获得初始匹配结果。然后,基于初匹配结果估计影像基础矩阵,构建核线约束的结构自适应特征匹配算法进行二次匹配。最后,将已匹配特征作为控制基础设计匹配扩展算法,进一步增加匹配点数量。本文方法以特征点邻域几何结构为出发点,构建自适应的特征区域,能够在显著的影像视角变化下,为同名特征点提取影像内容一致的特征区域,进而获得相似的特征描述符。试验结果证明,与传统算法相比,本文方法在城区宽基线影像上能够同时获得更多的正确匹配特征和更高的匹配正确率。     

我国东部极端降水时空分布及其概率特征

利用我国105°E以东地区210个测站近50年(1953—2002年)逐日降水资料,在REOF客观分区的基础上,确定各分区的极端降水最佳采样期为1~2日。进而研究了日极端降水量的气候特征。采用具有优良特性的L-矩参数估计方法对我国东部极端降水拟合Gumbel分布。结果表明,L-矩参数估计方法的拟合优度比其它方法有进一步提高,近50年来,极端降水趋势虽无明显变化,但其时空差异较大。符合Gumbel分布的极端降水重现期的地理空间分布,大致特征是,东南大、西北小,两湖盆地、黄海海湾及辽东半岛也有高值区。     

Geochemical study on oil-cracked gases and kerogen-cracked gases (II)—Discrimination methods between oil-cracked gases and kerogen-cracked gases

In the processes of discrimination between oil-cracked gases and kerogen-cracked gases, Behar and Pinzgofer et al.’s results were adopted in the former researches, in which the ratio of C₂/C₃ is basically a constant while the ratio of C₁/C₂ gradually increases in the course of primary cracking of kerogen. Otherwise in the course of secondary cracking of oil, the ratio of C₂/C₃ increases rapidly while C₁/C₂ keeps relatively stable. Our study on analogue experiment shows that, whether it is oil or kerogen, in its process of gas generating by cracking, the ratios of C₂/C₃, C₁/C₂ or C₁/C₃ will all be increased with the growth of thermal conditions. In comparison, the ratio of C₂/C₃, which is affected by genetic type to some comparatively less extent, mainly responds to the maturity of gases, while the value of C₂/C₃ is about 2, and that of C₂/iC₄ is about 10, and the corresponding value of R _o is about 1.5%–1.6%. The influence of gas source on C₂/C₃ is less than that of gas maturity, otherwise C₁/C₂ (or C₁/C₃) is obviously affected by cracking matrices. The ratios of C₁/C₂, C₁/C₃ of oil-cracked gases are less than that of kerogen-cracked gases, under the condition that the ratios of C₂/C₃ are similar in value, so are the value of dryness indexes. There exists wide diffidence between this view and the former discrimination method in theory. The analysis of the spot sample indicates that we can apply the above basic view to dealing efficiently with the problem of the discrimination between oil-cracked gas and kerogen-cracked gas.

     

Solubilities,Densities,Refractive Indices of Aqueous Ternary Systems PEG400-NaCl/KCl-H2O at 298 K

Phase equilibria for the NaCl/KCl-PEG400-H_2 O aqueous ternary systems at 298 K were studied using an isothermal dissolution method. In addition,the densities and refractive indices were determined. The corresponding phase diagrams,as well as the density vs. composition and refractive index vs.composition diagrams,were plotted. Results revealed that over the entire PEG400 composition range studied at 298 K only 1 liquid phase was obtained,without the formation of a biphase region. The phase diagrams of these 2 systems consist of 1 homogeneous area with unsaturated liquid( L) and an equilibrium area containing the solid phase of NaCl/KCl and the saturated liquid phase( S + L). The solubility of NaCl/KCl decreases with the addition of PEG400 at 298 K.     

根据渐进谱的统计规律生成地震加速度时程

基于美国西部80条基岩上的近场强震记录, 采用Nakayama方法生成记录的渐进谱, 并参照Kameda方式,用统计方法建立了根据震级、距离等地震参数预测渐进谱的统计模型. 提出一种以渐进谱为目标谱的生成幅值和频率非平稳地震加速度时程的迭代方法. 由于考虑了渐进谱幅值和相位的相互影响,所生成的时程的相位也是时频非平稳的,并在相位调整中识别了相位谱增量符号以加速迭代收敛进程. 最后根据统计回归的目标渐进谱模型和本文提出的拟合目标渐进谱的方法,可生成不同震级、距离条件下的幅值和频率均非平稳的地震加速度时程.     

Aegir脊及邻区重磁异常及构造特征

为研究北极地区挪威海内Aegir脊及邻区断裂构造特征,为北极地区油气勘探提供方向,在斯克里普斯海洋研究所发布的研究区重力数据（网格数据）基础上填充最新船测数据,对已有重磁资料进行异常分离、滑动平均和重磁场边界识别。目前,研究区的特征断裂和构造单元划分尚不清楚。根据异常极值带、异常带走向、异常梯度带变化程度等,对研究区进行了断裂识别和构造单元划分。研究表明：重磁异常特征呈NNE—NW—NE向展布,重力异常呈现高低分带,反映出该区基底隆坳相间的格架。根据重磁异常与断裂对应关系,识别出4个构造走向和7条主要断裂,划分出Mohns脊、扬马延微陆块、东扬马延断裂带、西扬马延断裂带、Aegir脊、东扬马延深海盆地和挪威深海盆地等7个构造单元。     

Numerical study of 1998 late summer flood in East Asia

The Purdue Regional Model (PRM) is applied to study the evolution of regional climate and weather systems during the heavy precipitation over Korea and China between 30 July and 18 August 1998. The results show that heavy rainfall along the Mei-yu and Changma front was due to the combination of: (1) an anomalous 850 hPa subtropical high, (2) a stronger baroclinicity around 40°N over eastern Asia and a low pressure located to the north of the front, and (3) an excessive evaporation from abnormal wet, warm land. The precipitation ended by 18 August when the subtropical high had retreated and the low pressure in Mongolia moved away from Asia continent. The model reproduced in great detail the observed baroclinic waves to the north, subtropical high and low-level jet to the south, and the front with heavy precipitation extending from southern China, and the Korean peninsula to Japan. High correlations are found for mass, momentum, and moisture fields between model simulation and the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) reanalysis for the 20-day means.     

抗震救灾过程中人才聚集效应探析——以汶川8.0级地震和玉树7.1级地震为例

人才聚集效应是人才聚集现象从量变到质变的过程,是在一定的时间和空间范围内,在和谐环境下,相关人才按照一定的相互联系相对集中在一起产生超过各自独立作用的效用。在汶川8.0级地震和青海玉树7.1级地震的抗震救灾过程中,人才聚集效应发挥了不可磨灭的作用,无数的生命被及时挽救,巨大的灾情得到有效的缓解。综合物理空间和虚拟空间两个角度,从人才规模、人才配置和激励因素等方面,就我国抗震救灾中人才聚集效应的发挥进行了研究,为人才聚集效应理论提供借鉴。