桂北龙胜上朗变镁铁质岩锆石UPb年龄及其地质意义

本文采用LAICPMS锆石UPb测年对桂北龙胜地区上朗变镁铁质岩进行年代学研究。2件年代学样品给出近乎一致的年龄信息,集中在(114.8±1.6)、(152.0±5.0)、(213.9±3.5)、(274.6±9.4)、(442.5±6.7)、(553.5±9.2)、(774.2±5.9)和(822.0±10.0) Ma等8个年龄峰值。锆石成因类型研究表明,(774.2±5.9) Ma锆石为样品中最年轻的岩浆锆石,代表上朗变镁铁质岩的侵位时代。UPb年龄大于(822.0±10.0) Ma的锆石为捕获锆石,代表岩浆侵位过程中捕获物质的时代。(114.8±1.6)、(152.0±5.0)、(213.9±3.5)、(274.6±9.4)、(442.5±6.7)和(553.5±9.2) Ma为热液锆石年龄,代表变镁铁质岩成岩后遭受后期构造热事件影响的时限。其中,(442.5±6.7) Ma代表寿城—三门断裂韧性变形的时代,与区域NNE向韧性断裂的变形时代一致。而小于(442.5±6.7) Ma的热液锆石年龄,表明岩石韧性变形后遭受多期构造热事件的影响。泛非期(553.5±9.2) Ma热液锆石的存在,表明华南大陆曾受泛非构造热事件的影响,应具有冈瓦纳大陆的亲缘性。     

冈底斯中段格达地区典中组火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学特征

青藏高原南部广泛发育的林子宗火山岩蕴涵着新特提斯洋俯冲与印度—亚洲大陆碰撞过程的地质信息。为探讨冈底斯中段格达地区典中组火山岩的形成时代、岩浆源区及构造环境等特征,对其开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年和地球化学特征研究。研究结果表明: 该地区典中组火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(61.6±1.0) Ma; 典中组火山岩相对富集LILE和LREE、亏损HFSE,具典型岛弧火山岩的特征; 岩浆源区主要来源于地壳物质部分熔融,是俯冲岛弧构造环境下新特提斯洋北向俯冲消减过程的产物。     

Study on the response of postside-grouted piles subjected to lateral loading in calcareous sand

Acta Geotechnica - The post-grouting technique has gradually become an effective approach to improve the bearing capacity of piles in calcareous sand due to its simple process, low cost and...     

Determination of shape parameters of sands: a deep learning approach

Acta Geotechnica - The shape parameters of sand particles can be determined by either a Krumbein-Sloss chart or mathematical computation based on the particle image. However, these approaches are...     

Spatial interpretation of high-resolution environmental proxy data of the Middle Pleistocene Palaeolithic faunal kill site Schöningen 13 II-4, Germany

To spatially characterize the palaeolakeshore environment at the archaeological kill site Schöningen 13 II-4 of the Middle Pleistocene Reinsdorf sequence, in-depth palynological, geochemical, aquatic microfossil and archaeological analyses were undertaken on sediment sections with an average thickness of about 15 cm, concordantly overlain by faunal remains, dominated by horse, from the unique ‘Spear Horizon’ layers of the 1995 excavation campaign. The data reveal a distinctive lake level drop, documented by the change from a carbonate-rich lake marl to a carbonate-free organic mud with increased carbon content and decreasing C/N, Si/Al, Si/K and Fe/Al ratios, indicating a higher pedogenic supply of organic matter and drier conditions at the site. Compared with older, similar transitional phases of lake level changes occurring within the Reinsdorf sequence, it is important that these youngest sediments are undisturbed, indicating continuous development. Ostracod and diatom analyses indicate a lowering water level with higher salinities and rich aquatic vegetation. Mesorheophilic ostracod species along with tychoplanktic diatom taxa point to flowing waters and turbulence at the lakeshore, presumably related to spring-fed streams originating from nearby highlands. Palynological results reveal a very diverse zonal vegetation pattern around the palaeolakeshore considering an area of investigation of approximately 50 × 75 m and a tessellated type of regional vegetation during the formation of the archaeological horizons. On topographically lower elevated areas, birch groves and taxa favouring wet, marshy conditions such as Cyperaceae, indicative of terrestrialization, were predominating, while other stands of this transitional phase reveal a very dry, grass-dominated steppe woodland favouring a rich wildlife with a striking number of megaherbivores. Our results suggest that the lithological differences of the ‘Spear Horizon’ layers containing the archaeological finds were due to their respective topographical situation and that the layers were deposited almost simultaneously during the beginning of the lake level drop. Human activities seem to have concentrated in sparsely vegetated areas along the palaeolakeshore, rather than in areas of adjacent denser birch swamp forest stands.     

盐穴能源储库氮气阻溶造腔气垫控制理论研究

盐穴具有良好的稳定性和密闭性,是储存天然气、石油、氢气等的理想场所。传统水溶造腔采用的油垫阻溶存在阻溶效果差、卤水油污重等问题,无法满足绿色矿山建设要求。气垫作为一种替代品备受关注,但因其起步较晚、控制难度大,加之我国复杂的盐层地质条件,阻碍着其推广应用。为此,首先分析了不同造腔阶段气垫控制特点,然后在对气-液界面处压力平衡分析的基础上提出了不同阶段气垫厚度预测及注气量计算方法,结合某井建槽期实例给出了建议气垫厚度及其波动范围,探明了气垫厚度和注气量随造腔推进的变化规律,最后探讨了气垫阻溶应用相关的关键问题。研究结果表明：建槽期及收顶期以气垫厚度控制为主,建腔期及腔体修复阶段则以气-液界面位置控制为主。建议建槽期平均气垫厚度不低于0.3 m,建槽期初期气垫厚度波动迅速,应设置较大的气垫厚度并及时补注氮气,随后气垫厚度波动趋于稳定,补气时间间隔可逐渐拉长。随造腔时间增加,单次补气量越来越大,累计补气量整体呈线性增长。造腔过程中井口气压及气-液界面处气垫压力先增加后线性减小,应实时监测井口气压变化。气垫阻溶与油垫阻溶成本相近但环境效益显著,可重复利用排出氮气及井口注气设施以节约成本。现场应...     

趋势面分析在高原地区音频大地电磁测深中的应用

常规音频大地电磁法,如EH-4电磁成像系统,在资料处理时通常不能有效分辨部分异常区域。以青海海北某公路隧道勘探为例,研究趋势面分析法在音频大地电磁测深中的应用。结果表明：通过拟合趋势面方程,可获取研究区内任一位置的视电阻率值,在拟合度较高的情况下可对区外的视电阻率值进行预测与估计;野外观测数据通常受随机因素的影响,可通过趋势面分析法对随机噪声进行平滑滤波处理;剩余值反映了视电阻率异常特征,绘制剩余值等值线图可以在去除区域背景视电阻率值后对异常区域进行凸显。音频大地电磁探测成果与趋势面分析法结合能更充分地利用地质信息。     

Sustainable energy transition in developing countries: the role of energy aid donors

Dialogues on global climate policy are increasingly discussing the sustainable energy transition, with Goal 7 of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals highlighting the importance of affordable and clean energy. This study looks at foreign aid as a carrier of global climate policy and examines donor behaviour in the energy sector. By examining donor behaviour when giving energy aid, one can grasp how the donor community helps recipients achieve a sustainable energy transition. A panel of donor–recipient pairs, covering 29 donors and 99 recipients, was constructed for the period between 1996 and 2013, using data from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Creditor Reporting System (OECD CRS), International Energy Agency (IEA) and World Development Indicators (WDI). The pair-year panel data were empirically analysed using a two-part model to test whether energy aid donors respond to recipients’ needs with regard to renewable energy and residential electricity. The findings demonstrate that donors respond to recipients’ sustainable energy needs, both renewable and residential, when selecting recipients. Moreover, donors tend to increase the amount of aid based on renewable energy needs. The findings also highlight the significant role of international climate policy, as donors have changed their energy aid-giving patterns since the start of the Kyoto Protocol. Contrary to the common belief in the aid-giving literature, this study shows that, with regard to energy aid, donor interests are more weakly related to recipient selection than are recipient needs.

Key policy insights

• Donors are influenced by the residential energy needs of recipients when giving energy aid, which aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals.

• Donors’ energy aid-giving patterns changed between the periods before and after entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, highlighting the significant role of international climate change policy.

• Policy makers and aid practitioners can steer donors to continue to allocate resources to the development of recipients’ energy policy and to help recipients prepare institutional structures to attract private investment in sustainable energy.

     

The differentiated impact of emissions trading system based on company size

Most countries implementing an emissions trading system (ETS), such as EU member states, California in the US, or South Korea, are generally targeting large sized companies, which consume energy above a specific threshold. However, previous studies using computable general equilibrium (CGE) models have analyzed climate policies without considering company size. This may have led to inaccurate results because the impacts of climate policy would differ depending on the coverage of regulated companies. Accordingly, this study examines the environmental and economic impacts of greenhouse gas emission reduction policies, assuming policy results vary by firm size, as covered by the Korean emission trading system. To this end, a CGE model with a separate social accounting matrix based on company size is used to compare three scenarios that reflect different types of carbon pricing methods. The results show that greenhouse gases will be reduced to a lower extent and utility will decrease more if mitigation policies are only imposed to large companies.

Key policy insights

• Carbon pricing policies should consider the different impacts on companies of different sizes and industry sectors.

• Without considering the different sizes of companies covered by an ETS, the expected carbon price and its economic impact will be underestimated.

• Small and medium-sized companies will face more negative impacts than large companies in some industry sectors under an ETS, even if the mitigation burden is only faced by large companies.