稀有金属花岗岩的特征及其成矿作用

本文通过对我国典型稀有金属花岗岩体研究成果的总结,从稀有金属花岗岩的基本特征、研究进展、成岩成矿作用的几个特点以及其对生态环境的影响等方面,对稀有金属花岗岩的特征及其成矿作用进行了综述和介绍。有助于学者了解稀有金属花岗岩成岩成矿研究和矿产资源勘查的最新成果,并用于寻找和鉴别稀有金属花岗岩。同时还讨论了稀有金属花岗岩体对生态环境的天然污染和带给居民群体的健康伤害,呼吁社会和公众应该引起足够的注意。     

汶川地震引发高速远程滑坡运动机理数值模拟研究——以谢家店子滑坡为例

针对汶川地震引发的谢家店子滑坡,在现场调查分析的基础上,建立了二维离散元数值模拟模型,采用2D-Block软件对其进行了全过程的数值模拟研究,并通过对跟踪块体的深入分析,研究了相应地质体在不同阶段下的运动特征。模拟结果表明,谢家店子滑坡经历了剧动启程抛掷阶段、快速撞击飞行阶段、铲刮减速碎屑流阶段及堆积掩埋阶段。为了揭示地震引发高速滑坡的发生规律,分别研究了地震震级、斜坡地形和斜坡上岩块的尺寸对高速滑坡启动和运动过程的影响规律。地震震级对边坡的启动、变形、破坏和运动有很大的影响,地震震级越大,滑体启动的加速度和速度也就越大,从而易形成高速远程滑坡。斜坡体本身的地形地貌对滑体运动也有较大影响。在震级和岩石力学参数一定的条件下,斜坡上岩块的大小对其启动、变形和运动过程有一定影响,随着岩块的增大,滑体运动的每个阶段历时都在减小,但当岩体十分破碎时,滑体虽然能够运动,但是很难发生抛掷。将地震滑坡的启动机理概括为积累变形效应、振荡启程效应和振荡加速效应。     

A mechanism for the formation of lopsided galaxies

This paper is concerned with the origin and existence of lopsided galaxies. A mechanism based on the distribution of dispersion velocities is suggested for the long-term maintenance of the lopsidedness.     

关于建立我国卫星电视授时系统的方案

提出搭载现存的卫星TV广播系统进行高精度授时的方案,改进和提高我国的授时服务。该方案与现存的短波、长波授时比较,有许多优点：精度高、复盖面大、用户设备简单,能24小时连续服务,并包含有更多的时间信息、自动定时和输出标准频率。2～3年就能建成本系统．即可以投入使用,且投资很少。     

河南西峡北部燕山期岩浆热液型矿床及其侧向分带

西峡县北部有一巨大的与燕山期岩浆活动有关的热液活动成矿带。从岩浆活动中心向南的成矿可依次分为：内带—中带—外带，其对应主成矿元素为：Ｍｏ、Ｗ－Ａｕ、Ｐｂ、Ａｇ－Ａｕ、Ｓｂ、Ａｓ，中带和外带为金的重要成矿带。矿带与燕山期侵入体空间依存关系密切，成生时代一致。分带为由岩浆活动中心向外热液温度的降低及扩散距离的远近所造成，它可存在于地质体不同规模的尺度上，在东秦岭较为普遍。研究这种分带，对矿产的预测与评价将会有较大的帮助     

胶南地块的隆升-伸展构造

岩石学及同位素地质学研究均表明，含榴辉岩的胶南地块在高温高压变质后经历过快速降压过程，这一过程在构造上表现为隆升－伸展构造。这种构造在胶南地块有两种形式：其一为地块内部的垂向缩短、水平向伸展构造，以浅色脉体的变形为特征，并反映出从深层次向浅层次的转化；另一为地块边部的正滑型构造带，可分为早期塑性变形和叠加于其上的且分布于地块外侧的晚期脆性－半脆性变形。反映运动矢量的拉伸线理走向呈放射状：北段走向近南北，中西段近东西。这是地块北西侧的变形特点，东南侧情况不明。北部正滑型剪切带中白云母40Ar／39Ar坪年龄表明，伸展构造的时代为146Ma±。这次构造运动可能由俯冲至上地幔的大洋板块与地壳拆离造成的重力均衡所引起，其结果不仅使得大陆地壳上隆，而且还使榴辉岩从下地壳上升至地表。     

胶南隆起北缘石门-薛家庄韧性剪切带

石门－薛家庄韧性剪切带曾经历过正－左行平移、正－右行平移及左行正滑三期剪切运动。其东段以正－右行平移运动为主，中段具左行正滑性质，而其西段（小卜落崮韧性剪切带）则主要为左行平移。该剪切带同时又是一条经受了低绿片岩相－角闪岩相变形的多相剪切变形带。在剪切带的横剖面上，石英与斜长石的粒度在弱变形带中具双峰式分布的特征，在强变形带中则细而均匀；钾长石的粒度在弱变形带中粗而均匀，在强变形带中则呈现双峰式分布。钾长石和斜长石在韧性变形过程中均可向钠长石转化，应力越大转化越彻底。剪切带的变形机制为简单剪切机制，石英滑移系既有底面滑移又有柱面、菱面滑移。     

Acute toxicities of potassium permanganate, formalin, and Lugol’s iodine solution to a marine ciliate, Pleuronema coronatum (ciliophora, scuticociliatida)

Acute toxicities of potassium permanganate, formalin, and Lugol’s iodine solution to a commonly occurred marine ciliate Pleuronema coronatum (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida) were measured. Linear regression analysis of the results highlighted the close relationships between doses of the medicines and mortalities of the organisms, thus providing a capability to predict toxicity effects from the dose. Toxic effects of the medicines on the ciliates were described in the present paper, and the median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀ values) were given. Results of measurements indicated that 2 h-LC₅₀ and 12 h-LC₅₀ values of formalin on P. coronatum were 59.00×10⁻⁶ and 43.57×10⁻⁶, while those of Lugol’s solutions were 90.13 and 67.84×10⁻⁶ respectively. The tolerance of P. coronatum to formalin is apparently lower than that to Lugol’s iodine solution and potassium permanganate is a suitable medicine to kill ciliates in short time.     

Climate warming-induced upward shift of Moso bamboo population on Tianmu Mountain, China

Although increasing attention has been paid to upward shift of plant species in altitude as a response to global warming, research on this phenomenon at low altitudinal and low latitudinal zones did not receive enough attention. In this study, an investigation was carried out to test the relationship between the upward spread of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) along altitudinal gradient and the increasing air temperature over the past decade within the Tianmu Mountain region, situated in southeastern China. Results showed that the peak elevation of Moso bamboo population establishment rose by an average of 9.8 m (±2.7 m) during the past decade and significant correlation existed with mean annual temperature (P < 0.0001, n = 339) but not with annual precipitation (P = 0.7, n = 339), indicating that the upward shift of Moso bamboo along altitudinal gradients was driven primarily by warming temperatures. This upward shift could potentially reduce biodiversity by altering the species composition of the ecosystem. However, there is also the potential for increased carbon sequestration capacity of local forest systems, which would produce an additional carbon sink to combat rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations and future global warming.     

Sea surface height variations in the Mindanao Dome region in response to the northern tropical Pacific winds

Sea surface height (SSH) variability in the Mindanao Dome (MD) region is found to be one of the strong variations in the northern Pacific. It is only weaker than that in the Kuroshio Extension area, and is comparable to that in the North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent region. Based on a 1.5-layer reduced gravity model, we analyzed SSH variations in this region and their responses to northern tropical Pacific winds. The average SSH anomaly in the region varies mainly on a seasonal scale, with significant periods of 0.5 and 1 year, ENSO time scale2-7years, and time scale in excess of 8 years. Annual and long-term variabilities are comparably stronger. These variations are essentially a response to the northern tropical Pacific winds. On seasonal and ENSO time scales, they are mainly caused by wind anomalies east of the region, which generate westward-propagating, long Rossby waves. On time scales longer than 8 years, they are mostly induced by local Ekman pumping. Long-term SSH variations in the MD region and their responses to local winds are examined and discussed for the first time .