The progressive electrification of the building conditioning sector in recent years has greatly contributed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by using renewable energy sources, particularly shallow geothermal energy. This energy can be exploited through open and closed shallow geothermal systems (SGS), and their performances greatly depend on the ground/groundwater temperature, which can be affected by both natural and anthropogenic phenomena. The present study proposes an approach to characterize aquifers affected by high SGS exploitation (not simulated in this work). Characterization of the potential hydro/thermogeological natural state is necessary to understand the regional flow and heat transport, and to identify local thermal anomalies. Passive microseismic and groundwater monitoring were used to assess the shape and thermal status of the aquifer; numerical modeling in both steady-state and transient conditions allowed understanding of the flow and heat transport patterns. Two significant thermal anomalies were detected in a fluvio-glacial aquifer in southern Switzerland, one created by river water exfiltration and one of anthropogenic nature. A favorable time lag of 110 days between river and groundwater temperature and an urban hot plume produced by underground structures were observed. These thermal anomalies greatly affect the local thermal status of the aquifer and consequently the design and efficiency of current and future SGS. Results show that the correct characterization of the natural thermo-hydrogeological status of an aquifer is a fundamental basis for determining the impact of boundary conditions and to provide initial conditions required to perform reliable local thermal sustainability assessments, especially where high SGS exploitation occurs.
相似文献Summary The Author, having summarized the classical equation of Clairaut on the internal structure of the earth and having touched upon the sundry hypotheses on the continual variation of density devised for the integration of Clairaut's equation, reports the numerical data obtained by Bullen for a discontinual distribution of density. The Author determines, after bullen's data, the coefficients of four functions apt to furnish the density at any dept whatever and makes some remarkable comparisons among the hypotheses of Roche, Helmert, Legendre, De Chaurand, Helmert generalized and Bullen. Lastly the Author studies the problem of the variation of gravity in the interior of the errth taking as a foundation of his calculations the hypothesis on the discontinual variation by Bullen and his own hypothesis on the continual variation that he calls Helmert's generalized hypothesis.
Zusammenfassung Der Verf. erinnert zuerst die Gleichung von Clairaut betreffs der innere Beschaffenheit der Erde, sowie die verschiedenen Annahmen über die Veränderungen seiner Dichte. Auf Grund der Verteilung von Bullen bestimmt er die Koeffizienten von vier Funktionen durch welche möglich ist die Dichte in von Roche, Helmert, Legender, De Chaurand, Helmert verallgem. und Bellen. Ausserdem untersucht er das Problem der Schwere-Verteilung im Innern der Erde für die Annahme von Bullen sowie für die stetige Verteilung nach einer Formel des Verf. welche eine Verallgemeineung der Helmertschen Formel darstellt.相似文献
Summary The Author, after some hints on the physical characters of sundry metallic minerals (such of lead, zinc and antimony) and having summarized the geominerary conditions of Tuscany, points out the necessity of gravimetrical measurements particularly in the zone of Bottino in order to find out the layers, the thickness and inclination of new veins and the place where the methods of Jung on the eötvössian reliefs cancerning bidimensional figures may be applied.
Zusammenfassung Bezugsnehmend auf die physik. Eigenschaften einiger Erzen (besonders von Blei, Zink und Antimon) und auf die geologischen Verhältnisse von Toskana, hebt der Verf. die Zweckmässigkeit gravimetrischer Messungen hervor und vor allem in der Zone des Bottino um die Erzmassen in der betreffenden Lage zu bestimmen.
Pisa, 14 aprile 1940-XVIII 相似文献
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