河流泥沙输移过程中矿物风化的碳汇效应初探——以长江干流为例

本文首先提出了河流泥沙输移过程中泥沙中的钙镁矿物溶蚀消耗水体中的CO2并具有碳汇功能的观点。基于前人长江干流从源头到入海口和支流2003~2007年期间4次河流悬移质泥沙的化学元素组成和矿物组成资料,分析悬移质中CaO、MgO含量和方解石、白云石含量变化特征,定量计算了这些取样点悬移质泥沙的CO2总碳汇能力和非永久性、永久性碳汇能力,分析了不同碳汇能力沿程变化规律及其原因。碳汇计算结果表明：寸滩—大通河段1956~2000年期间泥沙输移过程中钙镁矿物溶蚀产生的总碳汇量、非永久性和永久性碳汇量分别为2572万t/a、1700万t/a和872万t/a。由于输沙量减少,寸滩站—大通站河段的总碳汇量、非永久性和永久性碳汇量2006~2019年期间较1956~2000年期间相应分别减少了1852万t、1224万t和872万t。三峡水库年均淤积量1. 145亿t,损失总碳汇量675. 6万t,相当于三峡电站减排二氧化碳8580万t的7. 9%。全球河流入海年输沙量126. 1亿t,以寸滩- 吴淞口河段碳汇功能0. 060 t/t计,总碳汇量7. 57亿t相当于全球岩石风化碳汇总量10. 56亿t CO2的71. 6%。河流泥沙输移过程中钙镁矿物溶蚀的碳汇量具有重要的作用,其溶蚀速率大于原地风化。     

天然气运移的气体同位素地球化学示踪

本文通过鄂尔多斯等含油气盆地内岩石酸解烃、罐顶气和同源多产层天然气碳同位素组成的变化，从实例剖析出发，探讨了天然气运移时气体同位素组成的变化及其对天然气运移的示踪。天然气在通过沉积地层中孔隙系统和微裂隙运移时，天然气中的甲烷碳同位素会发生一定的分馏，而乙烷以上重烃碳同位素几乎不发生分馏；在天然气层所在深度，罐顶气甲烷碳同位素组成与天然气一致，在天然气层附近，罐顶气甲烷碳同位素则明显偏离了热演化趋势线；烃源岩酸解烃与其同源的天然气重烃碳同位素组成具有较好的一致性和可比性。由此，可利用气体组分碳同位素的上述变化特征，追索天然气的运移作用。     

甬-台-温高速公路真空-堆载联合预压软基处理

介绍了真空预压技术在甬-台-温高速公路软基处理中的应用,根据其施工特点,将其发展为高速公路软基处理的第二代加同方法,即真空-堆载联合预压方法,观测结果与处理效果均表明,该方法是有效的,可在类似工程中推广应用.     

也论成都粘土的成因

为了解成都粘土的成因机制，在总结前人资料的基础上，从分析成都粘土的分布、结构、矿物组成等特征入手，客观地展示了成都粘 本质，进而将其与我国北方的马兰黄土和长江中下游的下蜀粘土之间的特性进行比较以及对龙门山和成都平原第四纪晚更新世的古环境的分析，最终得出典型的成都粘土的成因是属于风成“黄土”的结论。     

Discussion on establishing monitoring networks for temperature fields of shallow thermal energy in Shandong,China

In the recent decade, the construction projects related to shallow geothermal energy engineering have undergone rapid development in Shandong Province. The predominant type of these developments and applications was heat exchange through buried tubes and the main targets were residential and office buildings. However, an overwhelming majority of the completed geothermal heat pump projects lacked monitoring devices so that they were unable to comprehensively reflect the background values for the geothermal fields within the province and few researches were conducted on their influence on the geological environment. In this paper, locations for monitoring shallow geothermal energy and their validity of the monitoring point deployment were studied in view of the development and application status as well as geological background conditions of various projects located in multiple cities providing data support for analyzing the fluctuation trend and influence of large-scale shallow geothermal energy applications on the shallow geothermal and the feasibility and parameter designs of newly built systems in Shandong Province in the future.     

滇西勐糯铅锌矿区赋矿围岩地球化学特征与地质意义

勐糯铅锌矿区位于保山-镇康地块勐糯向斜东翼,是三江成矿带中重要的大型铅锌矿床。矿区内志留系中统上仁和桥组下段(S21)为主要赋矿层位,其中结晶灰岩为主要的赋矿围岩,含矿层顶底板围岩为板理化灰岩、板理化钙质泥岩。区内结晶灰岩及其他围岩稀土配分模式相似,均为右倾型及负Eu异常,指示其具有相似的沉积环境及成岩机制。同时Al2O3-SiO2岩石热水成因模式图、U-Th关系图及Al-Fe-Mn三角图解指示矿区围岩并非热水沉积,均为正常海相沉积。围岩样品U/Th <0.75,Sr/Cu>5,V/Cr <2,Ce微弱正异常及较低的Sr值,指示沉积环境为开放式的氧化浅海环境,沉积期间气候较为干燥,受到部分陆源碎屑影响。结晶灰岩ΣREE为57.11×10^-6,明显低于其他围岩ΣREE值232.02×10^-6,且LaN/YbN为8.81低于其他围岩11.17,可能为热液的淋虑作用导致结晶灰岩稀土元素流失。综合分析认为,结晶灰岩原岩为泥晶生物碎屑灰岩,其形成先后经历了2期构造热事件,早期构造作用使其原岩发生破碎,主要为脆性变形,含矿热液沿裂隙注入,使破碎的原岩发生重结晶,形成颗粒较为粗大的结晶灰岩;晚期构造作用对早期构造形成的结晶灰岩局部进行叠加改造,发生韧性变形,使结晶灰岩糜棱岩化,形成颗粒粗细不均的糜棱岩化灰岩。结晶灰岩的破碎裂隙为含矿热液提供良好的运移通道及容矿空间,并可能提供部分成矿物质,顶底板围岩对含矿热液一定封闭作用。     

西峰油田长8储层无机垢结垢规律及解堵措施效果

针对西峰油田长8储层无机垢堵塞严重、注水压力高、注不进等问题,采用结垢趋势预测、静态和动态模拟法对西峰油田长8储层注水过程中的无机垢结垢规律和成分进行研究。实验结果表明:长8储层地层水和注入水配伍性较差,当地层水与注入水比例为9:1时结垢最为严重;实验产生和现场取得的垢样成分主要为碳酸钙;实验室筛选的ZG0501型阻垢剂阻垢效果较好,72 h阻垢率为63.20%;现场解堵措施所用的酸液可以起到很好的解堵、降压增注效果。     

石英-水体系氧同位素平衡再研究——盐同位素效应及其它

<正> 在地壳的岩石和矿石中,由于石英是最普遍的和最主要的矿物,而且其形成温度和压力范围最宽,因而石英在氧同位素地球化学中最为重要。由于石英-黑钨矿/锡石/磁铁矿的氧同位素分馏系数最大,所以它是最灵敏的地质温度计之一。正由于这个原因,石英-氧同位素平衡分馏曲线和方程式的研究,也就成为稳定同位素地球化学方面最有意义的课题之一。     

新疆西昆仑北缘叶城棋盘-西河休一带构造岩浆活动与成矿关系

新疆叶城地区处于西昆仑弧盆系和塔里木地台的衔接地带,横跨铁克里克与西昆仑两大成矿带,近年来发现一批与岩浆活动有关的热液型矿床（点）,显示出较好的成矿前景。在总结已有矿床（点）基本特征和相关岩浆活动的基础上,结合高精度成岩成矿年龄数据,叶城地区岩浆活动可分为古元古代、早古生代和晚古生代三期岩浆活动,其中早古生代岩浆活动主要发育于西昆仑地块上,从寒武纪到志留纪,形成一个较完整的岩浆演化旋回,与特提斯洋裂解、扩展和消亡的循环密切相关。并将与构造岩浆活动有关的矿点（床）划分为早古生代与老结晶基底、岩浆作用有关的Pb、Zn-Fe-玉石矿成矿系列,早寒武世与基性火山作用有关的Au-Cu成矿系列,晚泥盆世与构造岩浆活动有关的Pb、Zn-Cu成矿系列。早古生代（尤其是奥陶纪）是研究区大规模的成矿期,形成与中酸性岩浆活动有关的沉积-热液改造型铅锌矿、矽卡岩型铁矿、接触变质型玉石矿等。     

Characteristics of karst groundwater system in the northern basin of Laiyuan Spring area

Guided by the theory of groundwater system, based on the groundwater level data from the northern basin of Laiyuan Spring area, the authors took into account factors such as the lithology, geological structure and topography to study the relationship between groundwater recharge, runoff and drainage in this area. It was concluded that the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation is the main source of groundwater supply in this area; the upper layer of the Spring area is distributed with the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician karst water, and the lower layer is filled with the Jixian system karst water. The upper layer of karst water supplies to the lower layer of karst water or the pore water in loose strata through the fault while the lower layer of karst water runs to the three strong runoff belts from the east and west sides of the watershed, southwards into the basin, partially replenishing the pore water in loose strata, or forming fault Springs (e.g. Nanguan Spring, Beihai Spring) when dolomite movement encounters faults. Replenished by atmospheric precipitation and the upper and lower layers of karst waters, the pore water in loose strata joins the groundwater in the southern basin and then flows eastwards, in the end it flows out of the system in Shangfanpu. Through the analyses of groundwater level data and hydrogeological drilling data, based on groundwater D and 18O isotope test results, the karst groundwater circulation system in the northern basin of Laiyuan Spring area is further verified, which provides hydrogeological basis for water resources development and utilization as well as protection in this area.