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61.
62.
We investigated the shielding against solar ultraviolet radiation and inducible damage, as well as the short-term response of whole animal metabolic rate in two Antarctic shallow water amphipod species. Light absorbance by the carapace of Gondogeneia antarctica and Djerboa furcipes was higher in the UVR (UVB+UVA) range (42.1% and 54.5% on average respectively) compared to the PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) range (38.1% and 50.1% respectively) of the solar spectrum. Bands of higher absorbance correlated with maximal absorbance ranges of sunscreening compounds indicating mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and carotenoids to be innate compounds of the exoskeleton of these species. Though the antioxidant enzyme catalase was photoinhibited, protein damage products did not accumulate under experimental exposure to a daily dose of 6.84 kJ m(-2) d(-1) UVB, 66.24 kJ m(-2) d(-1) UVA and 103.14 kJ m(-2) d(-1) PAR. Animal oxygen consumption during UV-exposure was measured as an indicator of immediate behavioural and physiological stress response. UVB as well as UVA induced a response with altered and highly variable respiratory intensity. Our findings indicate that sub-lethal UVR exposure causes increased oxygen consumption in polar amphipods due to radiation avoidance, shelter seeking behaviour, and presumably also from cellular repair processes. 相似文献
63.
Birgit Nabbefeld Kliti Grice Roger E. Summons Lindsay E. Hays Changqun Cao 《Applied Geochemistry》2010
In this study the abundances of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs Table 1, I–XXI) have been measured throughout three Permian/Triassic (P/Tr) sections from Meishan (South China), Kap Stosch area (East Greenland) and Peace River Basin (Western Canada). Dibenzothiophene (I) and dibenzofuran (II) were found to decrease in abundance just before or shortly after the P/Tr transition in all three sections while perylene (III) was observed to increase in abundance at the onset of the main extinction horizon (bed 25) in Meishan. Perylene has been attributed to a wood degrading fungal source and, therefore, it seems possible these phenomena are related to the demise of land plants. Further, distinct patterns of various combustion-derived PAHs occurring in each section imply that forest fire events occurred within the Late Permian and Early Triassic. In the Meishan section high amounts of combustion-derived PAHs [pyrene (IV), fluoranthene (V), benzo[a]anthracene (VI), benzofluoranthenes (sum, i.e. VII), benzo[a]pyrene (VIII), benzo[e]pyrene (IX) and coronene (X)] occur within bed 25, also containing ash attributed to the fallout from massive volcanic eruptions in Siberia and/or China. 相似文献
64.
Birgit H��nicke 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(8):1721-1730
A statistical downscaling approach is applied to the output of five different global climate model simulations driven by twenty-first
century future scenarios of greenhouse gas concentrations. The contribution of sea-level pressure (SLP) and precipitation
changes to regional future winter sea-level changes is estimated for four Baltic sea-level stations by establishing statistical
relationships between sea level as predictand and large-scale climate fields as predictors. Using SLP as predictor for the
central and eastern Baltic Sea level stations, three climate models lead to statistically significant twenty-first century
future trends in the range of the order of 1–2 mm/year. Using precipitation as predictor for the stations in the southern
Baltic coast all five models lead to statistically significant trends with a range of the order of 0.4 mm/year. These numbers
are smaller, but of the order of magnitude as the predicted global sea-level rise. 相似文献
65.
毒砂是老柞山金矿主要载金矿物。早期与晚期成矿作用形成的毒砂 ,其热电性具明显差异 :早期毒砂热电系数为正值 ,平均 2 5 0 .3μV /℃ ,P型导电 ;晚期毒砂热电系数为负值 ,平均- 2 16 .9μV /℃ ,为N型导电。通过对不同成矿期以及同一样品中不同导型毒砂的热电性特征与成分关系的研究得出 :毒砂的热电性特征由As、S相对含量决定 ,若为富As型毒砂 ,则为P型导电 ,若为富S型毒砂 ,则为N型导电。 相似文献
66.
67.
Burghard Brümmer Birgit Busack Heinrich Hoeber Gottfried Kruspe 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1994,68(1-2):75-108
Observations made on 8 and 9 May 1988 by aircraft and two ships in and around the marginal ice zone of the Fram Strait during on-ice air flow under cloudy and cloud-free conditions are presented.The thermodynamic modification of the air mass moving from the open water to the ice over horizontal distances of 100–300 km is only a few tenth of a degree for temperature and a few tenth of a gram per kilogram for specific humidity. This is due to the small temperature differences between sea and ice surfaces. During the day, the ice surface is even warmer than the sea surface. The stably stratified 200–400 m deep boundary layer is often topped by a moisture inversion leading to downward fluxes of sensible as well as latent heat.The radiation and energy balance at the surface are measured as functions of ice cover, cloud cover and sun elevation angle. The net radiationR
Nis the dominating term of the energy budget. During the day, the difference ofR
Nbetween clear and overcast sky is only a few W/m2 over ice, but 100–200 W/m2 over water. During the night,R
Nover ice is more sensitive to cloud cover.The kinematic structure is characterized by strong shears of the longitudinal and the transversal wind component. The profile of the latter one shows an inflection point near the top of the boundary layer. Dynamically-driven roll circulations are numerically separated from the mean flow. The secondary flow patterns have wavelengths of about 1 km and contribute substantially to the total variances and covariances. 相似文献
68.
Characterization of sediments in an abandoned mining area; a case study of Mansfeld region,Germany 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rainer?WennrichEmail author Jürgen?Mattusch Peter?Morgenstern Klaus?Freyer Hanns-Christian?Treutler Hans-Joachim?St?rk Lutz?Brüggemann Albrecht?Paschke Birgit?Daus Holger?Weiss 《Environmental Geology》2004,45(6):818-833
The distribution of selected heavy metals, including some radionuclides, metalloids and non-metals was determined in stream sediments in a region influenced by abandoned copper mining and ore processing activities. A considerable amount of the ore processing waste with a very complex composition and highly elevated concentrations of zinc, sulfur, lead, copper, arsenic, and a lot of other elements in the range between 100 and 1,000 mg/kg (Sb, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cd, Hg, and Ag) was piled up on mine dumps. The dispersion of the pollutants originating from this source and their environmental impact were investigated. Both, sediments and original waste material were studied to indicate the pathways and the mobilization behavior of different pollutants. For this purpose, the process of the elution of pollutants by application of different fractionation schemes was studied. The capabilities of different analytical techniques are shown for the analysis of solid samples (X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Gamma-spectrometry) and liquid ones (ICP-atomic emission spectrometry, ICP-mass spectrometry and different techniques of atomic absorption). Additionally, the coupling of ion chromatography and ICP-MS detection was used to study the distribution of arsenic species in the sediment cores of a lake which acts as a natural sink for the region. 相似文献
69.
Geomicrobiology of Blood Falls: An Iron-Rich Saline Discharge at the Terminus of the Taylor Glacier, Antarctica 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jill A. Mikucki Christine M. Foreman Birgit Sattler W. Berry Lyons John C. Priscu 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2004,10(3-4):199-220
Blood Falls, a saline subglacial discharge from the Taylor Glacier, Antarctica provides an example of the diverse physical and chemical niches available for life in the polar desert of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Geochemical analysis of Blood Falls outflow resembles concentrated seawater remnant from the Pliocene intrusion of marine waters combined with products of weathering. The result is an iron-rich, salty seep at the terminus of Taylor Glacier, which is subject to episodic releases into permanently ice-covered Lake Bonney. Blood Falls influences thegeochemistry of Lake Bonney, and provides organic carbon and viable microbes to the lakesystem. Here we present the first data on the geobiology of Blood Falls and relate it totheevolutionary history of this unique environment. The novel geological evolution of thissubglacial environment makes Blood Falls an important site for the study of metabolic strategiesin subglacial environments and the impact of subglacial efflux on associated lake ecosystems. 相似文献
70.
The Albian–Maastrichtian seismic horizon analysis in central Tunisia (Gafsa–Sidi Bouzid area) using the reflection seismic sections calibrated to the well data, shows buried structures with deposit distributions and sedimentation geometries varying from the depressive to uplifted zones. Pinch outs, unconformities and hiatuses recognized on the folded high structures are caused by reactivation of the bordering faults. The Turonian–Maastrichtian unconformities correspond to the palaeogeographic limits that outline the Kasserine Islets and correspond to the N120, N180 major wrench-salt-intruded corridors and associated N90, N60 strike-slip faults. Formation of the different structures and evolution of the basins and platforms were controlled by conjugate dextral and sinistral strike-slip movements. These structures allow new palaeogeographic limits of the Kasserine Islets to be identified. To cite this article: T. Zouaghi et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005). 相似文献