新疆天山表壳元素地球化学特征

根据天山地区(42～44^oN，81～89^oE)1：20万，七探采集的900余个岩石样品的分析结果，基于全样本统计和迭代剔除方法，得到新疆天山地区表壳(出露地壳)的39种元素丰度值；对其中的SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、TFe2O3、MgO、MnO、CaO、Na2O、K2O、P2O5 10种常量元素，按氧化物之和为100％进行归算。与全球大陆上地壳元素丰度值相比，天山地区表壳元素丰度富集SiO2、MnO和Ag、As、Hj、Sb元素，明显亏损CaO和。Be、Co、Cr、Ni、Mo、Sn，V、W等元素。从元素比值来看，该区表壳的Ba/La、K／La、K／Th、Nb/La、Th/La、Y／La值与全球大陆上地壳相应元素值相当；而K／Na、La／As、La／Sb值明显低于全球大陆上地壳。该区表壳化学成分相当于花岗闪长岩，同时表现出相对富钠和As、Sb元素的特征；这一地球化学特征与区内出露的表壳岩石主要是加里东期和海西期岛弧造山作用的产物有关，相对富钠的成分特征与岛弧岩浆活动中的Adakite质岩浆作用有关。     

大兴安岭近1000年来气候变化的泥炭记录

大兴安岭摩天岭泥炭藓泥炭纤维素的δ^13C时间序列揭示了近1000a来该区气候的演变过程。区内1000a的气候经历了950～700aBP、700～300aBP及300aBP以来三个阶段百年尺度的干湿波动，这些波动上又叠加了一系列数十年尺度的气候变化。该序列指示了大兴安岭地区近代气候向着偏干方向发展。     

Soil respiration in tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, SW China

With the static opaque chamber and gas chromatography technique, from January 2003 to January 2004 soil respiration was investigated in a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, SW China. In this study three treatments were applied, each with three replicates: A (bare soil), B (soil+litter), and C (soil+litter+seedling). The results showed that soil respiration varied seasonally, low from December 2003 to February 2004, and high from June to July 2004. The annual average values of CO2 efflux from soil respiration differed among the treatments at 1% level, with the rank of C (14642 mgCO2· m-2. h-1)＞B (12807 mgCO2· m-2. h-1)＞A (9532 mgCO2· m-2. h-1). Diurnal variation in soil respiration was not apparent due to little diurnal temperate change in Xishuangbanna. There was a parabola relationship between soil respiration and soil moisture at 1% level. Soil respiration rates were higher when soil moisture ranged from 35% to 45%. There was an exponential relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature (at a depth of 5cm in mineral soil) at 1% level. The calculated Q1o values in this study,ranging from 2.03 to 2.36, were very near to those of tropical soil reported. The CO2 efflux in 2003was 5.34 kgCO2· m-2. a-1 from soil plus litter plus seedling, of them 3.48 kgCO2· m-2. a-1 from soil (accounting for 62.5%), 1.19 kgCO2· m-2. a-1 from litter (22.3%) and 0.67 kgCO2·m-2. a-1 from seedling (12.5%).     

超低频电磁声源非线性动力学建模与分析

电磁声源输出力大、体积小、易于实现超低频输出,在无人反水雷作战中具有显著优势。其动力学行为受到机械回复力和电磁力的耦合作用影响,当施加电流超过坍塌电流,电磁力将超过机械回复力, 就会发生吸和,造成声源的损坏。为准确描述电磁声源非线性动力学特性,预先评估坍塌电流,建立考虑动态漏磁系数的声源非线性动力学模型。通过三维有限元仿真计算动铁芯运动到不同位置处气隙的漏磁系数, 拟合得到动态漏磁系数。根据等效磁路法建立声源的改进电磁力模型,进而建立电磁声源非线性动力学模型。 通过 Runge-Kutta 算法计算得到阶跃激励下声源振动的位移和速度,绘制相平面图。研究稳定与失稳 2 种情况下的相轨迹的动态变化规律,为电磁声源的设计和控制提供理论支撑。     

茯苓酸调节AMPK/GSK-3β/Nrf2信号通路对子宫内膜异位症大鼠内膜基质细胞铁死亡的影响

目的：探索茯苓酸调节腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）/糖原合成酶激酶3β（GSK-3β）/核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）信号通路对子宫内膜异位症（EM）大鼠基质细胞铁死亡的影响。方法：将51只SD大鼠于腹腔内异位移植子宫内膜组织构建EM大鼠模型,并将其随机分为模型组、茯苓酸低剂量（3.5 mg/kg）组、茯苓酸高剂量（7.0 mg/kg）组、茯苓酸高剂量（7.0 mg/kg）+盐酸多索啡（0.2 mg/kg）组,每组各12只,另取12只SD大鼠只开腹不移植,设为假手术组,药物分组处理后测定各组大鼠异位子宫内膜体积、异位子宫内膜组织铁死亡指标［谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）水平、铁含量］、血清及异位子宫内膜组织炎症因子［肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）］水平、异位子宫内膜组织铁死亡相关蛋白［长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶4（ACSL4）、环加氧酶2（PTGS2）］与AMPK/GSK-3β/Nrf2通路相关蛋白表达。原代培养EM大鼠子宫内膜基质细胞,并将其随机分为对照组、茯苓酸低浓度（40 mg/L）组、茯苓酸高浓度（80 mg/L）组、茯苓酸高浓度（80 mg/L）+盐酸多索啡（10 μmol/L）组,以药物分组处理后,以CCK-8法、流式细胞术分别测定各组细胞增殖及凋亡;以试剂盒检测各组细胞铁死亡指标GSH及MDA水平、铁含量;以免疫印迹实验检测各组细胞铁死亡相关蛋白及AMPK/GSK-3β/Nrf2通路相关蛋白表达。结果：与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠异位子宫内膜体积、MDA水平及铁含量、血清及异位子宫内膜组织TNF-α及IL-6水平、ACSL4及PTGS2蛋白表达升高（P<0.05）,GSH水平、p-AMPK/AMPK、p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β及Nrf2蛋白表达降低（P<0.05）;与模型组相比,茯苓酸低、高剂量组大鼠异位子宫内膜体积、MDA水平及铁含量、血清及异位子宫内膜组织TNF-α及IL-6水平、ACSL4及PTGS2蛋白表达降低（P<0.05）,GSH水平、p-AMPK/AMPK、p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β及Nrf2蛋白表达升高（P<0.05）,且高剂量茯苓酸作用更强;盐酸多索啡可减弱高剂量茯苓酸对EM模型大鼠的作用。与对照组相比,茯苓酸低、高浓度组大鼠子宫内膜基质细胞活力、MDA水平及铁含量、ACSL4及PTGS2蛋白表达降低（P<0.05）,凋亡率、GSH水平、p-AMPK/AMPK、p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β及Nrf2蛋白表达升高（P<0.05）,且高浓度茯苓酸作用更强;盐酸多索啡可减弱高剂量茯苓酸对EM大鼠内膜基质细胞的作用。结论：茯苓酸可减轻EM大鼠炎症及铁死亡,抑制其子宫内膜基质细胞增殖及异位内膜生长,其作用机制可能是通过激活AMPK/GSK-3β/Nrf2信号通路来实现的。     

A Case study of a snowstorm at the Great Wall Station,Antarctica

A case of a snowstorm at the Great Wall Station was studied using data of NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) analysis, in situ observations and surface weather charts. The storm occurred on August 29th,2006, and brought high winds and poor horizontal visibility to the region.It was found that the storm occurred under the synoptic situation of a high in the south and a low in the north. A low-level easterly jet from the Antarctic continent significantly decreased the air temperature and humidity.Warm air advection at high level brought sufficient vapor from lower latitudes for the snowstorm to develop.The dynamic factors relating to strong snowfall and even the developmentof a snowstorm were deep cyclonic vorticity at middle and low levels,the configuration of divergence at high level and convergence at low level, and strong verticaluplift. There was an inversion layer in the low-level atmosphere during the later phase of the storm.This vertical structure of cold air at low levels and warm air at high levels may have been important to the longevity of the snowstorm.     

Stochastic generation of hourly rainstorm events

Occurrence of rainstorm events can be characterized by the number of events, storm duration, rainfall depth, inter-event time and temporal variation of rainfall within a rainstorm event. This paper presents a Monte-Carlo based stochastic hourly rainfall generation model considering correlated non-normal random rainstorm characteristics, as well as dependence of various rainstorm patterns on rainfall depth, duration, and season. The proposed model was verified by comparing the derived rainfall depth–duration–frequency relations from the simulated rainfall sequences with those from observed annual maximum rainfalls based on the hourly rainfall data at the Hong Kong Observatory over the period of 1884–1990. Through numerical experiments, the proposed model was found to be capable of capturing the essential statistical features of rainstorm characteristics and those of annual extreme rainstorm events according to the available data.     

Lithospheric thermal and compositional structure of South China jointly inverted from multiple geophysical observations

The detailed lithospheric structure of South China is the basis for the understanding of tectonic processes of eastern China.Specifically,two essential issues in the study of lithospheric structure are the thermal and compositional structures,which are usually derived from either geophysical or geochemical observations.However,inversions from single geophysical or geochemical datasets have certain limitations,making it necessary to develop joint inversions of geophysical,geochemical and petrological datasets.In this paper,through thermodynamic simulation and probabilistic inversion,we inverted multiple datasets including topography,geoid height,surface heat flow and surface wave dispersion curves for the 3D lithospheric thermal and compositional structure of South China.The results reveal a thin(<100 km)and flat LAB beneath the South China Fold System Block and the lower Yangtze Craton.Also,we found that the lithospheric mantle is primarily composed of saturated peridotite,indicating that the ancient refractory lithospheric mantle has been replaced by new materials.The dominant dynamic mechanism for lithospheric thinning in eastern South China may be the flat subduction of ancient Pacific slab,while thermal erosion may have also played a significant role.In contrast,the LAB depth beneath the Sichuan Basin is much thicker(>200 km),suggesting that the thick and cold craton lithospheric roots are retained.There may exist a discontinuous interface beneath the Sichuan Basin,with the saturated lower layer thicker than the refractory upper layer.As a result,the lithospheric mantle of the Sichuan Basin and surrounding regions is mainly composed of saturated and transitional peridotite.     

频率域全波形反演方法研究进展

全波形反演是一种利用地震波传播的动力学特征来获取地下介质物性参数的反演方法,可为揭示地下精细结构提供重要依据。本文以弹性波方程作为数学模型来模拟地震波传播规律并进行相应的反演方法研究。为提高计算效率与反演结果的准确性,可将近似解析离散化（NAD）算子用于频率域弹性波方程的正演模拟。本文在频率域NAD离散的基础上推导阻抗矩阵的稀疏分块结构与反演目标函数对模型参数的梯度计算公式,由此建立基于NAD算子的频率域弹性波全波形反演方法。为验证该方法的有效性,文中通过数值实验对多种典型介质模型进行反演计算,均得到了理想的反演结果。