江西萍乡杨家湾2号洞哺乳动物化石及其时代探讨

2015年11月和2016年10月先后对杨家湾2号洞化石点进行发掘。目前已出土哺乳动物化石1000多件,主要为单个牙齿化石,骨骼较少且较为破碎。初步鉴定出31个哺乳动物属种,其中偶蹄类数量最为丰富,野猪所占比例最大;灵长类和食肉类较为丰富;啮齿类、长鼻类及奇蹄类较少;尚未发现食虫类和翼手类。大部分属种为现生类群,少量灭绝属种如巴氏大熊猫、东方剑齿象及华南巨貘等。从动物群组成来看,该动物群与杨家湾1号洞、湖南道县福岩洞等动物群较为相似,属于我国南方典型的晚更新世大熊猫-剑齿象动物群,但是其所包含的动物属种相对后两个化石点都较少,尤其是小哺乳动物属种单调。杨家湾2号洞的堆积物颗粒比1号洞的较粗,且含较多角砾,缺少红色粘土;据初步判断,该洞的堆积物是由洞口进入。动物群组合指示该地区晚更新世气候较为温暖湿润。

     

遥感技术在土地利用中的应用

本文利用Aster遥感数字图像,建立了彬县煤矸石电厂评价区各土地利用现状类型的遥感影像特征,采用目视解译和人机交互解译相结合的方法,圈定了土地利用现状类型范围,在此基础上,进行土地利用类型面积统计,总结各土地利用现状的空间分布特征,为了科学地评价电厂建设对生态环境的影响提供了基础依据。     

Latest Middle Miocene fauna and flora from Kumkol Basin of northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and paleoenvironment

We report 7 mammalian and 16 pollen species from the top of the Shimagou Formation in Kumkol Basin of northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, whose age is latest Middle Miocene(about 12.5 Ma). We erect a new species of fossil rodent,Spermophilinus kumkolensis sp. nov. The micromammalian fauna from the Kumkol Basin shares high similarities with contemporary faunas from Europe and northern China, indicating the existence of active zoogeographic exchange between Europe and northern Asia. Trees are dominant in pollen fossils, and herbs and shrubs are minorities. Broadleaved Quercus and Fagus predominate in tree pollens. The flora reconstructed by pollens displays a mixture of evergreen broadleaved forest and dry and warm steppe landscape. Compared to the modern vegetation in Yunnan region, the latest Middle Miocene flora in the Kumkol Basin represents a distinct vertical distribution. The ecotypes of the latest Middle Miocene fauna and flora in the Kumkol Basin,as a whole, are markedly different from those of modern animals and vegetation, the past climate being more suitable than today.     

Kinetics of redox cycling of iron coupled with fulvic acid

The kinetics of conversion of iron(III) (hydr)oxides to ferrous iron mediated by fulvic acid have been investigated in order to improve the understanding of the redox cycling of iron at the oxic-anoxic boundary in natural waters. Under the conditions similar to natural waters, fulvic acid is able to reduce the iron(III) (hydr)oxide. The kinetics of the reaction depend on the reactivity of iron(III) (hydr)oxides and the reducing power of the fulvic acid. The rate of reaction is 60 nm/h obtained under following conditions: total concentration of Fe(III) 1.0 × 10^–4 M, pH 7.5, fulvic acid 5 mg/L. The rate is considered as a net result of reduction and oxidation in the > Fe^III-OH/Fe(II) wheel coupled with fulvic acid. In a real natural water system, reductants other than fulvic acid may be of importance. The results obtained in the laboratory, however, provide evidence that the Fe(OH)₃(s)/Fe(II) redox couple is able to act as an electron-transfer mediator for the oxidation of natural organic substances, such as fulvic acid by molecular oxygen either in the absence of microorganisms or as a supplement to microbial activity.     

西藏中部的发震构造

西藏中部的发震构造是晚第四纪以来强烈活动的北东、北西和近南北向的活动断层及受其控制的地堑半地堑型盆地和拉分盆地，东西向缝合线和断层晚第四纪以来的运动性不明显，对地震活动没有明显的控制作用，活动断层的规模和晚第四纪以来的运动性质对地震的震级和数量有明显的的控制作用。８级地震的发生与拉分盆地内部张剪切断层与盆地一侧新活动幅度大的次级走滑断层的相互作用密切相关。     

Microtremor-based analysis of the dynamic response characteristics of earth-fissured sites in the Datong basin,China

This study conducted microtremor testing along six survey lines that cross three typical earth fissures in the Datong basin to determine the dynamic response characteristics of earth fissure sites with regard to the Fourier amplitude spectrum, response spectrum, and Arias intensity. The results show the following.(1) The predominant frequency of an earth fissure site is mainly affected by the thickness and the shear wave velocity of the soil layer and is minimally effected by the presence of an earth fissure.(2) Earth fissures have a pronounced amplification effect on dynamic response. Fourier amplitude, response acceleration, and Arias intensity are high near an earth fissure and decrease with an increase in distance from the earth fissure, tending toward stability at a distance of 20 m.(3) The area that is seriously affected by this amplification is within 6–8 m of an earth fissure, and the general affected area is farther out than this, to a distance of 25 m.(4) New construction should be avoided in an area affected by the amplification, and existing buildings in general and seriously affected areas need to be reinforced to increase their seismic fortification intensity.     

近地表大气环境变化对地壳形变观测的影响研究

近地表大气环境变化主要包括近地表气象因素（大气压强、温度、降雨）变化及台风、日食活动等。利用小波分析方法对2003—2013年湖北省数字化地壳形变潮汐分钟值资料进行处理后发现,近地表大气环境因素对形变观测数据具有不同频段上的特征变化影响。大气压强和温度对形变观测的响应频段主要集中在较低频段（64—128分钟）;降雨的影响主要集中在0-全日波（0—32分钟）范围内且存在高频、非潮汐成份。而台风在较高频段上有明显响应,频段分布在1—4秒和2—4分钟之间。黄梅台应变观测对2009年日食事件在128—256分钟低频段上有响应。     

Quantifying influence of weather indices on PM_{2.5} based on relation map

Many researches have been conducted on the health influence of Particle Matter with diameters less than 2.5 microns (PM \(_{2.5}\) ). There are also some researches on the cause of PM \(_{2.5}\) . However, such research generally focuses on the economic and political aspect of the environment issue. In this paper, a data-analysis approach of the PM \(_{2.5}\) issue is raised to offer a new viewpoint of this problem. The applied method extracts the relations of air quality system record as a relation map, which illustrates the influence among the parameters in a graph. The method successfully fitted the weather record, and derived from it the influencers of PM \(_{2.5}\) . The result shows that the average temperature, average barometric pressure and concentration of Ozone are all factors that have an influence on the concentration of PM \(_{2.5}.\) A short justification of it is also provided.     

地裂缝场地建筑结构动力响应特征及抗震设防研究

为研究地震作用下地裂缝场地建筑结构的动力响应特征,以西安地裂缝场地为研究背景,分别考虑独立基础、片筏基础、桩基础和桩筏基础上的框架结构,对结构峰值加速度、层间位移等动力响应特征及其影响因素和影响规律进行系统研究。研究结果表明：(1)地裂缝附近场地上的结构加速度响应和层间位移响应具有明显的放大效应,动力响应峰值随着距地裂缝距离的增大逐渐减小,最终趋于稳定,放大效应的影响范围约为24 m,此范围内的结构需提高抗震设防水平;(2)结构的峰值加速度随层高的增大而增大,整体呈现出“S”形,层间位移角随层高的增大先增大后减小,二者均表现出明显的“上盘效应”,即上盘结构响应强于下盘,且随着输入地震动强度的增大,上、下盘结构动力响应差异进一步扩大,上盘效应愈发显著;(3)片筏基础、桩基础和桩筏基础结构的加速度响应接近,而独立基础结构的加速度与前三者差异明显,但随着楼层的增大,基础形式对结构层间位移角的影响逐渐减弱;(4)上、下盘结构的峰值加速度、峰值位移大小及峰值出现的时间等存在一定差异,这是由于地震波经过地裂缝时发生复杂的反射和折射,结构受到非一致性激励造成的。     

The first extra-large helium-rich gas field identified in a tight sandstone of the Dongsheng Gas Field,Ordos Basin,China

Science China Earth Sciences - Helium gas is a scarce but important strategic resource, which is usually associated with natural gas. Presently, only one extra-large helium-rich gas field has been...