Underwater image enhancement based on the dark channel prior and attenuation compensation

Aimed at the two problems of underwater imaging, fog effect and color cast, an Improved Segmentation Dark Channel Prior (ISDCP) defogging method is proposed to solve the fog effects caused by physical properties of water. Due to mass refraction of light in the process of underwater imaging, fog effects would lead to image blurring. And color cast is closely related to different degree of attenuation while light with different wavelengths is traveling in water. The proposed method here integrates the ISDCP and quantitative histogram stretching techniques into the image enhancement procedure. Firstly, the threshold value is set during the refinement process of the transmission maps to identify the original mismatching, and to conduct the differentiated defogging process further. Secondly, a method of judging the propagating distance of light is adopted to get the attenuation degree of energy during the propagation underwater. Finally, the image histogram is stretched quantitatively in Red-Green-Blue channel respectively according to the degree of attenuation in each color channel. The proposed method ISDCP can reduce the computational complexity and improve the efficiency in terms of defogging effect to meet the real-time requirements. Qualitative and quantitative comparison for several different underwater scenes reveals that the proposed method can significantly improve the visibility compared with previous methods.     

近百年全球气温变化及其趋势预测

利用墨西哥帽小波函数分析了近百年来全球气温的变化特征,并用气温距平序列的5a滑动平均计算了信噪比(S/N),验证了气候突变点的位置,同时,利用人工神经网络对全球气温变化趋势进行了的预测.结果表明,在不同的时间尺度上气温变化具有不同的特点及突变点;目前全球气温处于偏高阶段,且有持续偏高的趋势.     

斜方蓝辉铜矿在我国的发现及其微结构

作者在我国福建省上杭紫金山铜矿中发现了一种具有页片构造的Ｃｕ－Ｓ矿物。其基质相的化学式可表示为Ｃｕ１．７５６Ｓ,与１９６９年在日本发现的斜方蓝辉铜矿的化学式一致,这是该矿物在我国的首次发现;该矿物页片相的化学式可表示为Ｃｕ１．６８４Ｓ,是笔者未曾描述过的一种新的Ｃｕ－Ｓ矿物相,该矿物基质相和页片相混合的Ｘ射线衍射图谱上的绝大多数峰与合成斜方蓝辉铜矿的衍射峰可对应。由此,笔者认为上述成分略有差异的连     

CO2加富培养对鼠尾藻克制赤潮异弯藻效果的影响

采用实验生态学的方法,研究了大型海藻鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)对赤潮微藻中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)的克生效应及其对 CO2加富的响应变化.结果表明,正常培养的鼠尾藻新鲜组织、干粉末和水溶性抽提液能够导致中肋骨条藻的细胞密度显著降低(P<0.05), CO2加富培养的鼠尾藻新鲜组织、干粉末和水溶性抽提液能够更加明显地抑制中肋骨条藻种群生长(P<0.01).实验结果证实鼠尾藻对中肋骨条藻具有克生效应,而 CO2加富培养引起了鼠尾藻对中肋骨条藻克生效应的变化,使其对中肋骨条藻生长的抑制作用显著加强.正常培养的鼠尾藻培养水过滤液能够显著抑制中肋骨条藻的生长(P<0.05),而 CO2加富培养的鼠尾藻培养水过滤液对中肋骨条藻的生长没有表现出明显的影响(P>0.05),因此推测 CO2加富培养可能改变了鼠尾藻对中肋骨条藻克生作用的方式,作用方式由分泌克生物质转变为细胞直接接触转递.     

水平井分段完井不同分段模式优化研究

运用势的叠加原理和镜像反映原理,导出了水平井任意分段模式下井筒与油藏渗流耦合产能计算模型,用该模型可以计算任意分段模式下来平井的产能,通过对比不同分段模式下的水平井产能,可以对分段进行优化,从而指导分段完井方案的制定.研究结果表明:当打开程度一定时,不同分段模式对产量影响不大;产量随着打开程度的提高而增加,但当打开程度大于40％时,产量增幅趋于平缓,因此,打开程度必须大于打开临界程度,这样既减小了因分段而牺牲的产量又达到了分段的目的;井筒摩阻对产量影响较大,在进行分段优化时,必须考虑井筒摩阻的影响,从而优选盲管段的位置.     

江苏固城湖流域1951-2000年农业非点源氮、磷输移的数值模拟研究

选择位于长江下游的固城湖流域作为研究区域,基于分布式流域水文模型SWAT,采用数值模拟的手段,反演了1951～2000年流域农业非点源氮、磷的输移规律。模拟结果与实测值的一致性反映了模型的良好模拟能力。比较两个时段的模拟结果发现,1981～2000年,流域农业非点源氮、磷年平均浓度和输移量分别为:总氮0.82mg/L和411.88×103kg/a,总磷0.084mg/L和43.04×103kg/a;远高于1951～1960年的氮、磷年平均浓度和输移量分别为:总氮0.22mg/L和49.55×103kg/a,总磷0.036mg/L和7.67×103kg/a。模拟主要反映了流域下垫面条件和农作物耕作模式对农业非点源氮、磷浓度及输移量的影响。     

Future change of Asian-Australian monsoon under RCP 4.5 anthropogenic warming scenario

We investigate the future changes of Asian-Australian monsoon (AAM) system projected by 20 climate models that participated in the phase five of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). A metrics for evaluation of the model’s performance on AAM precipitation climatology and variability is used to select a subset of seven best models. The CMIP5 models are more skillful than the CMIP3 models in terms of the AAM metrics. The future projections made by the selected multi-model mean suggest the following changes by the end of the 21st century. (1) The total AAM precipitation (as well as the land and oceanic components) will increase significantly (by 4.5 %/°C) mainly due to the increases in Indian summer monsoon (5.0 %/°C) and East Asian summer monsoon (6.4 %/°C) rainfall; the Australian summer monsoon rainfall will increase moderately by 2.6 %/°C. The “warm land-cool ocean” favors the entire AAM precipitation increase by generation of an east-west asymmetry in the sea level pressure field. On the other hand, the warm Northern Hemisphere-cool Southern Hemisphere induced hemispheric SLP difference favors the ASM but reduces the Australian summer monsoon rainfall. The combined effects explain the differences between the Asian and Australian monsoon changes. (2) The low-level tropical AAM circulation will weaken significantly (by 2.3 %/°C) due to atmospheric stabilization that overrides the effect of increasing moisture convergence. Different from the CMIP3 analysis, the EA subtropical summer monsoon circulation will increase by 4.4 %/°C. (3) The Asian monsoon domain over the land area will expand by about 10 %. (4) The spatial structures of the leading mode of interannual variation of AAM precipitation will not change appreciably but the ENSO-AAM relationship will be significantly enhanced.     

加权最小范数平差的伪观测解法

首先证明了加权最小范数平差一般解的一个重要性质，由此提出了利用附加的观测值来求解加权最小范数平差问题的方法，并证明了该法与利用一般解法等价性的充要条件。