湖南金矿大地构造类型及分布规律

运用地洼成矿理论,根据湖南金矿含矿建造。控矿构造,成矿元素组合等。讨论了其大地构造类型及其分布规律。地槽阶段形成的金矿主要为石英脉型金矿。成因类型为变质一地下水热液型,主要分布在雪峰弧形带;地台阶段形成的金矿主要为微细浸染型,成因类型为地下水再造型。主要分布于白马山一龙山东西向构造带;地洼阶段形成的金矿主要为伴生金矿,成因类型为岩浆一次火山热液型,主要分布于七宝山一水口山一铜山岭北东向断裂带及湘南地区的一些与同熔型岩体有关的有色金属矿床中。     

Mean, interannual variability and trends in a regional climate change experiment over Europe. I. Present-day climate (1961–1990)

We present an analysis of a multidecadal simulation of present-day climate (1961–1990) over Europe with the regional climate model RegCM nested within the global atmospheric model HadAMH. Climatic means, interannual variability and trends are examined, with focus on surface air temperature and precipitation. The RegCM driven by HadAMH fields is able to reproduce the basic features of the observed mean surface climate over Europe, its seasonal evolution and the regional detail due to topographic forcing. Surface air temperature biases are mostly less than 1–2 °C and precipitation biases mostly within 10–20%. The RegCM has more intense vertical transport of temperature and water vapor than HadAMH, which results in lower surface air temperatures and greater precipitation than found in the HadAMH simulation. In some cases this is in the direction of greater agreement with observations, while in others it is in the opposite direction. The simulation shows a tendency to overestimate interannual variability of temperature and precipitation compared to observations, particularly during summer and over the Mediterranean regions. It is shown that in DJF, MAM and SON the RegCM interannual variability is primarily determined by the boundary forcing from HadAMH, while in JJA the internal model physics and resolution effects dominate over many subregions of the domain, and the RegCM has higher interannual variability than HadAMH. The precipitation trends simulated by the nested modeling system for the period 1961–1990 capture some features of the observed trends, in particular the cold season drying over the Mediterranean regions. Ensembles of simulations are, however, needed for a more robust assessment of the models capability to simulate climatic trends. Overall, this simulation is of good quality compared with previous nested RegCM experiments and will constitute the basis for the generation of climate change scenarios over the European region to be reported in future work.     

地基GPS遥感观测安徽地区水汽特征

对2002年6～7月安徽地区肥西、桐城、寿县、无为、芜湖、滁州6个GPS观测站的数据，结合相应的地面温度、气压等气象数据反演了时间间隔为30min连续变化的水汽总量。这一解算结果由解算方法分析达到1～2mm量级精度，达到了数值天气预报和气候研究的要求。利用这些资料，分析了上述地区水汽变化特征。单站水汽的持续积累和源源不断的水汽输送是强降水系统发生发展的必要条件，为了研究水汽来源及水汽量的大小，结合NCEP资料计算了一次强降雨过程中水汽通量值。     

石嘴山市地下水流模型及其数值模拟

本文在对宁夏石嘴山市的水文地质和地下水资源进行系统分析的基础上,建立了石嘴山市地下水水流模型.并采用有限差分法,利用Processing Modflow软件对该市浅层地下水进行了数值模拟.在模型的拟合阶段和检验阶段,水头计算值与观测值的误差绝对值的平均值分别为0.28和0.18米,所有结果显示两者基本一致,说明所建模型符合实际,可以用于研究区地下水位与水量的近期及远景预测.     

云南兰坪白秧坪铜钴多金属矿集区矿石中石英的40Ar-39Ar年龄

云南兰坪白秧坪铜钴多金属矿集区矿石中石英的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar快中子活化年龄谱呈马鞍形,坪年龄为56.53±0.43Ma,最小视年龄为55.52±1.78Ma,等时线年龄为55.90±0.29Ma,三者在误差范围内一致(1σ)。⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar初始值为294.7±1.14,与尼尔值(295.5±5)十分接近,坪年龄和等时线年龄均可作为石英的形成时代。因此,55.90~56.53Ma(喜马拉雅早期)代表了矿床的成矿年龄。     

Extreme precipitation over the Maritime Alps and associated weather regimes simulated by a regional climate model: Present-day and future climate scenarios

Summary We use the regional climate model RegCM nested within time-slice atmospheric general circulation model experiments to investigate the possible changes of intense and extreme precipitation over the French Maritime Alps in response to global climate change. This is a region with complex orography where heavy and/or extended precipitation episodes induced catastrophic floods during the last decades. Output from a 30-year simulation of present-day climate (1961–1990) is first analysed and compared with NCEP reanalysed 700 hPa geopotential heights (Z700) and daily precipitation observations from the Alpine Precipitation Climatology (1966–1999). Two simulations under forcing from the A2 and B2 IPCC emission scenarios for the period 2071–2100 are used to investigate projected changes in extreme precipitation for our region of interest. In general, the model overestimates the annual cycle of precipitation. The climate change projections show some increase of precipitation, mostly outside the warm period for the B2 scenario, and some increase in the variability of the annual precipitation totals for the A2 scenario. The model reproduces the main observed patterns of the spatial leading EOFs in the Z700 field over the Atlantic-European domain. The simulated large scale circulation (LSC) variability does not differ significantly from that of the reanalysis data provided the EOFs are computed on the same domain. Two similar clusters of LSC corresponding to heavy precipitation days were identified for both simulated and observed data and their patterns do not change significantly in the climate change scenarios. The analysis of frequency histograms of extreme indices shows that the control simulation systematically underestimates the observed heavy precipitation expressed as the 90^th percentile of rainday amounts in all seasons except summer and better reproduces the greatest 5-day precipitation accumulation. The main hydrological changes projected for the Maritime Alps consist of an increase of most intense wet spell precipitation during winters for both scenarios and during autumn for the B2 scenario. Case studies of heavy precipitation events show that the RegCM is capable to reproduce the physical mechanisms responsible for heavy precipitation over our region of interest.     

Helium and argon isotopic geochemistry of Jinding superlarge Pb-Zn deposit

The study results of He and Ar isotopes from fluid inclusions in pyrites formed during mineralization stage of Jinding superlarge Pb-Zn deposit in west Yunnan, China are reported. The data show that the⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar and³He/⁴He ratios of fluid inclusions are respectively in the range of 301. 7–385. 7 and 0. 03–0.06Ra, suggesting the oreforming fluid is a kind of air saturated meteoric groundwater. On the basis of research on coupled relationships among He, Ar, S and Pb isotopes, the evolution history of ore-forming fluid of the deposit can be summarized as (i) air saturated meteogenic groundwater infiltrated down and was heated→ (ii) leached S, C and radiogenic He, Ar from the basinal strata → (iii) leached Pb and Zn from mantle-derived igneous rocks located in the bottom of the basin→ (iv) ore-forming fluid ascended and formed the deposit. Due to this process, the isotope signatures of crustal radiogenic He, atmospheric Ar (with partial radiogenic⁴⁰Ar), crustal S and mantle-derived Pb remained in the ore-forming fluid. Project supported by A30 Project of the National Climbing Program of China and University of Manchester.     

吉林省地质灾害及其防治的遥感应用

应用遥感技术查明吉林省地震、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地面沉降、地裂缝、水土流失、土地沙漠化、土地盐渍化及土地沼泽化等地质灾害的特点,分布状况及形成机制,探讨了防治与减灾对策。表明遥感方法在地质灾害的调查和监测方面,具有重要意义。     

哀牢山金矿带成矿流体稀土元素地球化学

本项研究测定了矿石、蚀变围岩和相应未蚀变岩石的稀土元素组成。通过对这些地质体稀土元素地球化学特征的对比研究发现,在成矿流体的演化过程中,镇沅和墨江两个金矿床成矿流体的稀土模式具明显的变化,而大坪金矿成矿流体的稀土模式则保持相对不变。因此,大坪金矿的稀土模式（轻稀土高度富集、弱负Ｅｕ异常和较强负Ｃｅ异常）可以代表初始成矿流体的稀土模式。研究表明,具有这种稀土模式的流式,可能是由地幔去气作用产生的地幔     

丹巴地区变玄武岩年代学的初步研究及其地质意义

川西丹地区变玄武岩中单颗锆石的207Pb/206Pb年龄为736～800Ma，它近似代表其原岩的喷发时间；变玄武岩的Rb-Sr矿物等时线年龄为150.2±0.3Ma，它代表导该区变玄武岩形成的最主要的一次区域动热变质事件年龄。