Performance-based landfill design: development of a design component selection matrix using GIS and system simulation models

Designing environmentally safe and economically feasible landfills can be a challenging task due to complex interactions that need to be taken into account between landfill size, waste and site characteristics. The main focus of this study is, by interfacing the geographic information systems (GIS) with system simulation models (SSM), to develop a methodology and a landfill design component selection matrix that can enable the determination of landfill design components providing the desired performance with minimal design details. In this paper, the conceptual framework and applications of the developed methodology demonstrating the selection of landfill design components that are suitable for the existing site conditions are presented. The conceptual model defines design variables, performance criteria and design components of a landfill. GIS and SSM are used to handle the site-specific data and to evaluate the landfill performance, respectively. Results indicate that the landfills having the same design characteristics show different performance under different site conditions; therefore, a landfill design that is technically and economically feasible should be selected on the basis of performance.     

WinASEAN for remote sensing data analysis

The image analysis system ASEAN (Advanced System for Environmental ANalysis with Remote Sensing Data) was designed and programmed by a software development group, ImaSOFr, Department of Remote Sensing Technology and GIS, Institute for Geography, National Centre for Natural Science and Technology of Vietnam under technical cooperation with the Remote Sensing Technology Centre of Japan and financial support from the National Space Development Agency of Japan. ASEAN has been in continuous development since 1989, with different versions ranging from the simplest one for MS-DOS with standard VGA 320×200×256 colours, through versions supporting SpeedStar 1.0 and SpeedStar PRO 2.0 true colour graphics cards, up to the latest version named WinASEAN, which is designed for the Windows 3.1 operating system. The most remarkable feature of WinASEAN is the use of algorithms that speed up the image analysis process, even on PC platforms. Today WinASEAN is continuously improved in cooperation with NASDA (National Space Development Agency of Japan), RESTEC (Remote Sensing Technology Center of Japan) and released as public domain software for training, research and education through the Regional Remote Sensing Seminar on Tropical Eco-system Management which is organised by NASDA and ESCAR In this paper, the authors describe the functionality of WinASEAN, some of the relevant analysis algorithms, and discuss its possibilities of computer-assisted teaching and training of remote sensing.     

The relative deformation gradient and its application to cylindrical folds with deformed lineations

The relative deformation gradient is defined and used to compare deformations between any two points of a body. This concept is useful in the geometrical analysis of deformation in natural folds, where only deformed planes and straight lines can be observed. The case of cylindrical folds with deformed lineations is studied.     

迭部5.9级地震爆破地震波动力学特性的变化

本文利用遥测传输台网可见记录和磁带记录对厂坝炮爆破进行地震波动力学特性分析,发现各次爆破记录有一致性。对失真信号进行滤波处理,经凝聚函数分析证明了爆源的一致性。对1987年1月8日迭部Ms=5.9地震的分析,表明由于介质状态的改变,记录到的地震波优势频率向高频方向移动。在近震中有关台站上,地震波位移谱出现多峰与能量分散现象,拐角频率也向高频方向移动,振幅比呈现低—高—发震的形态。在地震前二十几天,主频处地震波衰减小,而震后明显变大。上述特征可能与该地震孕育过程中应力水平和介质状态变化有关。     

Topography and landslides in weathered granitic rock areas—Hai Van landslide in central Vietnam

Many landslides occur every year during heavy rains at the Hai Van Pass and surrounding area in central Vietnam, where granitic rocks are distributed. As is common in granite areas, these landslides often occur as small-scale flow-type and slump-type landslides. However, several horseshoe-shaped loose slopes of widths and lengths of 500 to 800 m, which incorporate these landslides, are observed on slopes across the area. These topographies resemble those formed by past and present large-scale landslides. The presence of such a topography and the repeated occurrences of landslides within this topography are rare in granite areas, where shallow flow-type landslides are generally frequent. To understand the mechanism causing the landslides in the Hai Van region, and as a support for future risk assessment, the factors and processes leading to the formation of such a topography and their relationship with these landslides must be identified and assessed. This study investigated the history of past landslide movement in the Hai Van Pass and surrounding area through observations of drill cores and outcrops, and analysis of the direction of remanent magnetism in the granitic rocks. Mineral compositions, cracks, degrees of weathering, and topographic shapes of the granitic rocks and their relationship to the landslides occurring today were also investigated. The results of the study reveal no variation in the direction of remanent magnetism in the granitic rocks in the region that would indicate disturbance of the ground due to a past large-scale landslide. No evidence of such an event could also be found both in the drill cores and the rock outcrops. Further, results of the analysis of cracks and weathering pattern confirm that the topography of the region is affected by the weathering of the granitic rocks that progresses in concentric circles of various sizes. Thus, it can be concluded that these topographies were not formed by a singular large-scale landslide of the past, but rather by a composite of relatively shallow landslides occurring on the slope of dome structures unique to granite areas, which are formed by differential weathering and denudation regulated by cracks.     

Late Triassic sauropodomorph and Middle Jurassic theropod tracks from the Xichang Basin,Sichuan Province,southwestern China:First report of the ichnogenus Carmelopodus

Upper Triassic and Middle Jurassic strata of the Xichang Basin in Sichuan Province, southwestern China, yielded important dinosaur ichnofossils. From the Xujiahe Formation of the Yiguojiao tracksite, we report a Late Triassic footprint assemblage in China and the first discovery of diagnostic Triassic sauropodomorph tracks in this region. The tracks share a number of features in common with the ichnogenera Eosauropus(Late Triassic) and Liujianpus(Early Jurassic). The neighboring Bingtu tracksite is stratigraphically younger(Shaximiao Formation, Middle Jurassic) and preserves small tridactyl theropod tracks that represent the first occurrence of the ichnotaxon Carmelopodus in China and Asia. While these tracks are morphologically comparable to those from the Middle Jurassic type locality in North America, the specimens from China show the proximal margin of the digit IV impression in a more cranial position, which may indicate a trackmaker with a relatively short metatarsal IV. In addition to the skeletal record, the Carmelopodus footprints document the presence of small theropods in the dinosaur fauna of the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation.     

排桩对柱面SH波散射问题研究：解析求解

采用波函数展开法结合Graf加法定理,利用桩体与土体之间的位移和应力连续边界条件,给出了全空间单排桩对柱面SH波散射解析解,并采用傅里叶逆变换,求得时域结果。该方法考虑了入射波曲率的影响,在频域内分析了柱面SH波入射时排桩散射的频谱规律,给出了时域排桩柱面SH波散射位移云图,讨论了桩数与桩间距对柱面SH波入射时排桩散射的影响。研究表明：在振源距排桩较近（d/a=10）时,低频段（η=0~1.0）排桩对柱面SH波的隔离作用显著;振源距排桩较远时,各频段排桩对柱面SH波的隔离作用均较为显著。桩间距固定时,增加桩数,排桩后方首次出现的最大位移响应相应减小,排桩散射的影响范围随之增大;对柱面SH波进行阻隔时,为提高阻隔效率的同时节约成本,不仅需要考虑桩数,还应考虑波源与桩体、桩间空隙相对位置的影响;排桩分布宽度固定时,由于入射波曲率对排桩散射的影响,减小桩间距,排桩后方首次出现的最大位移响应有可能会出现放大的情况,故应采用合理的桩间距对柱面SH波进行阻隔。     

Landslide detection using visualization techniques for deep convolutional neural network models

Natural Hazards - Landslides occur when masses of rock, earth, and other debris move down a slope. The slope of an area is directly responsible for the magnitude of the landslide. Being...