致密砂岩气藏裂隙-孔隙型弹性岩石物理模板研究:以川西坳陷A区为例

相对于常规砂岩,致密砂岩在岩石物理性质、力学性质等方面具有明显差异,并呈现出很强的非均质性.岩石物理模型能将储层参数与地震特性信息联系起来,因此可以作为致密砂岩储层参数与地震特性信息转换的桥梁.常规的岩石物理模型通常只考虑单一因素(例如非均匀性,单一孔隙,单一尺度等),建立的岩石物理模板并不适用于致密砂岩.本文针对高饱和气、微裂隙发育、非均质性强的致密砂岩储层,利用Voigt-Reuss-Hill模型计算混合矿物的弹性模量,采用微分等效介质(DEM)模型描述含裂隙、孔隙岩石的骨架弹性模量,基于Biot-Rayleigh波动方程构建了岩石物理弹性模板,给出了致密砂岩储层弹性参数与物性的关系.基于测井数据和实验数据对岩石物理弹性模板进行校正,并将校正后的岩石物理弹性模板结合叠前地震资料应用于川西地区储层孔隙度与裂隙含量预测.结果显示,反演裂隙含量、孔隙度与储层试气报告、测井孔隙度基本吻合,表明该模板能够较合理地应用于致密砂岩储层孔隙度及裂隙含量解释中.     

西藏尼洋河水环境特征多元统计分析

自2008年11月到2009年10月按照月份监测西藏林芝地区尼洋河水环境特征.结果显示,根据Pearson相关性矩阵,可将尼洋河26项理化指标分为3大类,分别是低度相关性理化指标、中度相关性理化指标和高度相关性理化因子.析因分析显示,可将26项理化指标分为4大类,第1类为尼洋河水体常规的理化指标、第2类为尼洋河水体硬度相关指标、第3类为海拔及第4类为影响水生生物生长的水质理化指标.PCA分析发现,平水期、丰水期以及枯水期水环境特征明显不同,以上3期各自聚为一类,而尼洋河沿程方面,水环境特征则不存在差异.构建了尼洋河海拔、底层水温与相关理化因子的一元回归方程.建议加强对尼洋河水环境的监测工作,积极推进尼洋河水域生态环境的可持续发展进程.     

三维层状场地的精确动力刚度矩阵及格林函数

本文对Wolf二维层状场地精确动力刚度矩阵进行推广,给出了三维层状场地的精确动力刚度矩阵。刚度矩阵具有对称的特点,且因刚度矩阵是精确的,计算结果不受土层单元厚度的影响,可以大大提高计算效率。文中对刚度矩阵进行了数值验证。利用三维层状场地动力刚度矩阵,计算分析了基岩上单一土层场地的动力响应。最后作为动力刚度矩阵的另一重要应用,给出了表面或埋置矩形均布荷载或集中荷载的动力格林函数计算方法。     

Shifts of means are not a proxy for changes in extreme winter temperatures in climate projections

Changes in the severity of extreme weather events under the influence of the enhanced greenhouse effect could have disproportionally large effects compared to changes in the mean climate. Here, we explored the meteorological circumstances of extremes and changes therein using two 49-member climate model ensembles for reference (1961–1990) and scenario (2051–2080) greenhouse-gas concentrations. We have focused on daily-mean surface-air temperatures over the Northern Hemisphere in January. Over large parts of the continents, changes in the one-in-10-year temperature events are influenced at least as much by changes in the shape of the probability distribution functions (PDFs) as by shifts in the mean. In coastal areas, this is largely attributable to changes in the large-scale circulation, for those types of extremes linked to infrequent wind directions. In other areas, the inhomogeneous mean warming, increasing inland and polewards, affects the tails of the local temperature PDFs. Temperature extremes in widely different regions were found to be linked by a large-scale circulation anomaly pattern, which resembles the Arctic Oscillation. In the scenario ensemble, this anomaly pattern favors its positive phase, leading to enhanced probabilities of westerly winds in a belt around the Northern Hemisphere.     

西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带东波地幔橄榄岩中金刚石的发现及地质意义

本文报道了雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段的东波蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中发现与罗布莎和普兰岩体相似的金刚石和特殊地幔矿物群。东波地幔橄榄岩体以方辉橄榄岩为主,含少量二辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩,辉石岩和辉长岩呈脉状产在方辉橄榄岩中。岩石地球化学特征表明东波岩体形成于MOR环境后受到SSZ环境的改造。通过重砂分选实验,在693 kg的地幔橄榄岩大样中发现了金刚石和碳硅石等30余种特殊矿物群,包括金刚石、自然铬、自然金、自然铁、自然硅、自然铜等自然元素矿物类;碳硅石等碳化物;铬尖晶石、金红石、铬铁矿、刚玉、黑钨矿、铌钽铁矿、磁铁矿、赤铁矿、方铁矿、锡石等氧化物;铁铬镍合金、镍铁合金、铜锌合金等合金互化物;辉钼矿、方铅矿、辉铋矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、毒砂和闪锌矿等硫化物;橄榄石、辉石、锆石、蓝晶石、白云母、蛇纹石、绿帘石等硅酸岩;萤石等氟化物。该矿物群与雅鲁藏布江缝合带的罗布莎和普兰两个岩体中发现的特殊矿物群非常类似,同时也为蛇绿岩型金刚石这一新类型提供了佐证。     

Organic and inorganic matter in Louisiana coastal waters: Vermilion, Atchafalaya, Terrebonne, Barataria, and Mississippi regions

Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) spectral absorption, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, and the particulate fraction of inorganic (PIM) and organic matter (POM) were measured in Louisiana coastal waters at Vermilion, Atchafalaya, Terrebonne, Barataria, and Mississippi River locations, in 2007-2008. The range of CDOM was 0.092 m⁻¹ at Barataria in June 2008 to 11.225 m⁻¹ at Mississippi in February 2008. An indicator of organic matter quality was predicted by the spectral slope of absorption coefficients from 350 to 412 nm which was between 0.0087 m⁻¹ at Mississippi in May 2008 and 0.0261 m⁻¹ at Barataria in June 2008. CDOM was the dominant component of light attenuation at Terrebonne and Barataria. Detritus and CDOM were the primary components of light attenuation at Vermilion, Atchafalaya, and Mississippi. DOC ranged between 65 and 1235 μM. PIM ranged between 1.1 and 426.3 mg L⁻¹ and POM was between 0.3 and 49.6 mg L⁻¹.     

多尺度地震波资料匹配研究进展

随着勘探技术的发展,如何将地表地震、测井、VSP、岩石物理等方面的观测资料有机地联系起来,从而探索不同尺度资料之间的内在联系与匹配技术并应用于生产实践,已经成为人们关注的热点.本文首先从地表地震与测井、地表地震与VSP、地表地震与岩石物理三方面回顾了前人的研究成果,阐述了相关的主流方法与技术的优缺点与适用性.分析了多尺...     

Eddy resolving modelling of the Gulf of Lions and Catalan Sea

The generation process of strong long-lived eddies flowing southwestwards along the Catalan slope was revealed through numerical modelling and in situ observations. Careful analyses of a particular event in autumn 2007 demonstrated a link between a “LATEX” eddy, which remained in the southwestern corner of the Gulf of Lions and a “CATALAN” eddy, which moved along the Catalan Shelf, since the death of the former gave birth to the latter. The origin of such eddies was found to be an accumulation of potential energy in the southwestern corner of the Gulf of Lions: under the influence of the negative wind stress curl associated with the Tramontane, a warm and less dense water body can be isolated and fed by a coastal current carrying warm water from the Catalan Sea. In summer, this structure can grow and intensify to generate a strong anticyclonic eddy. After a long period of Tramontane, a burst of southeasterlies and northerlies appeared to detach the “LATEX” eddy, which flowed out of the Gulf of Lions, migrating along the Catalan continental slope and continued into the Balearic Sea as the “CATALAN” eddy.