南美洲7ka来古气候资料中的南方涛动信号

在南半球赤道地区，太平洋东部沿岸的海面温度相对较冷，这些冷水强烈地影响着赤道大陆气候，在由塔西提／达尔文间不规则的高／低气压所定义的南方诗动的减弱价段，这种气候背景型式强烈地受到改变，在南方涛动减弱阶段，厄尔尼诺事件可能会出现，赤道太平洋水团要比通常温暖。     

Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distributions and sedimentary organic matter characteristics in contaminated, coastal sediments from Pensacola Bay, Florida

In this study, we examined the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a contaminated coastal area and the characteristics of the natural organic matter in tandem. We present a detailed study of PAH concentration, distribution, and organic matter characteristics of three core samples from Pensacola Bay, Florida. Solid-state 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), pyrolysis gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) thermochemolysis GC-MS were applied to obtain structural details about the sedimentary organic matter. Elemental compositions (carbon and nitrogen) and estimates of black carbon contents are also reported. These coastal sediments were found to contain more PAHs in the upper 15 cm layers than in the bottom 15-25 cm samples. The samples that contained the most PAHs also contained the least amount of aromatic carbon and contained a significant amount of paraffinic carbon. Lignin-derived pyrolysis and TMAH thermochemolysis products were abundant and generally higher in all of the samples in comparison to those reported for modern coastal sediments, indicating a large flux of terrestrial carbon. The black carbon contents were found to range from 4.3% to 6.8%, which are significantly lower than other reports of black carbon in sediments, which represent as much as 65% of the total organic carbon content. The low black carbon content suggests that this type of refractory carbon may not be as responsible for regulating PAH distribution as indicated by other researchers.     

大西洋中脊的热液矿泉

在过去10年中，通过国际合作，对大西洋中肯的热液矿泉及周围地质背景进行了研究。TAG热液矿泉位于26°N，45°W，距大西洋中脊轴数公里，它是世界卜已发现的最大热液矿泉之一．这个活动的热泉位于一直径为10m的烟囱上，该烟囱位于一直径为150－200m、高40m的椭圆形硫化矿山上．在这个硫化矿山附近几公里范围内还发现了几个不活动的热泉。TAG靠近两条转换断层之间的大西洋中脊．区域重力调查表明，TAG北部的剪切带在向北漂移．分析TAG海底玄武岩表明，源岩在10－15km深处．从旁侧声纳资料看出，TAG由两个复杂的烟囱组成．近海底地球…     

一次模拟的非外力大洋—大气突发气候事件

格陵兰东南部和相邻大洋表层气温时序中记录了一个急剧的事件。这一事件大约出现在３１００ａ（模拟年） ,持续约４０ａ ,以温度降低３°Ｃ为特征。由于其峰值比平均值高６个标准偏差（σ）以上 ,可以认为降温是急剧的。如果该区域年平均表层气温时序正常排布 ,那么这种异常可能每数亿年出现一次，如此大幅度降温持续那么久的概率极小。如果将不足４０ａ的变化从时序中去掉 ,那么事件高峰期表层气温低于平均值１０～１１σ。大气层较低层位的这种急剧降温源于海面温度急剧下降。大约３０８６ａ开始 ,格陵兰东海岸中部滨外发育了约０．５°Ｃ…     

两株琼胶酶高产细菌的筛选和鉴定

从海洋环境中筛选得到两株琼胶酶的高产菌株，通过形态观察和生理生化反应，确定它们属于弧菌属，通过BIOLOG细菌鉴定系统鉴定，并同弧菌属标准菌株分析比较，确定上方宝剑两株菌都是塔式弧菌（Vibrio tubiashii)，这两株菌在碳源利用方面存在差别。     

Macrofauna impact on Ulva rigida C. Ag. production and relationship with environmental variables in the lagoon of Venice

The grazing pressure of the macrofaunal invertebrates associated with the biomass of Ulva rigida in the Venice lagoon, their species composition and relationship with environmental variables have been studied. Fifteen sampling campaigns were carried out during different seasons both in the central basin of the lagoon, dominated by macroalgae (especially U. rigida C. Ag.) and in the southern basin, prevalently populated by seagrasses (especially Zostera marina L.). Replicate experiments were conducted in the field by exposing Ulva fronds in net cages of 10 and 1 mm (control) mesh-sizes to allow or prevent grazer entrance. The grazing pressure was determined as Ulva growth rate difference in the cages. In the absence of invertebrate herbivores, Ulva exhibited per cent relative growth rates (%RGRs) ranging from 1.5 to 9.5% day(-1), whereas in their presence the %RGRs were significantly lower (from -2.5 to 3.4% day(-1)) and frequently negative, especially in the station dominated by macroalgae. In this area, peak grazing rates and macrofauna biomasses of up to 8.6% day(-1) and 1,480 g m(-2) fwt (84.4 ash-free dry weight), respectively, were found. On the whole, during in field experiments in the Ulva-dominated station, herbivores removed an amount of biomass whose percentage ranged from 59 to 165% (mean: 103%) of the biomass yield (grazers excluded) found in the cages. These results suggest the possibility that grazers could act as an important factor affecting Ulva production in the Venice lagoon. Macrofauna populations were analysed by means of multivaliate techniques applied to biological variables only and biological and environmental variables together. Data of individual abundance, after a log(x + 1) transformation and the calculation of the Bray-Curtis matrix, were classified using the Cluster Analysis and ordinated by means of the Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) technique, in accordance with the strategies used in the study of multispecies distributions. Finally, biological and environmental variables were analysed together by means of correlation matrices and the Principal Component Analysis.     

北海盆地第三纪深海扇的定量分析

北海盆地第三纪深海扇的定量分析Ｔ．Ｒｅｙｎｏｌｄｓ深海扇内富存有大量的碳氢化合物。因此，无论是从扇容积作为石油储层还是在生产期提供水的补给方面来说，它们的规模、几何形态、砂的体积、纯砂体积与总体积之比以及砂的连通性都是石油工业的关键问题。但是，至今深...     

海洋底质图

根据第一个五年国民经济发展计划所拟定的关于扩大巴伦支海工业渔捞场的计划,在三十年代初期给苏维埃海洋地质学提供了编制底质图的任务。同时,为了支援我国的工业及保证航海的需要,也提出了控制苏联富饶的海洋资源的任务。 还在上古时代、在航海的早期,就萌发了对海底成分和特性的兴趣。我国在十八世纪、开始编制标有底质特性的原始航行图。以后,在所有国家的航行图上,通常注明底质的名称和它的颜色、或者其它特点的标记;这种底质标记的方法,目前还在采用,但它的缺