锚杆锚固质量无损检测数据的分析与处理

由于锚固体系中有不同大小和程度的缺陷，声波在传播过程中将产生能量衰减、相位突变及频散现象。利用声波的能量特征和波阻抗分析方法，对锚固质量进行初步分级；利用相位特征和小渡时频分析方法，对锚固系统中的锚固缺陷进行准确定位。三峡工程实际应用验证了该方法是有效的。     

中国煤田测井技术发展历程及前景展望

煤田测井在确定煤层空间位置、研究沉积环境、解释煤岩力学性质、解决水文地质问题等方面具有独特的作用,是煤田地质很重要的一种勘探手段。通过回顾煤田测井技术及测井专业队伍50年的发展历程,展示煤田测井技术所取得的成绩和应用前景,以此纪念中国煤炭地质总局成立50周年。     

钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构推覆分析

结合新建筑抗震设计规范的要求，采用自编的高层结构三维推覆分析程序(TBPOA)对某复杂体型的高层建筑框架剪力墙结构进行了三维推覆分析研究，对该结构进行了结构抗震整体性能和局部性能的评价。研究结果表明，满足小震强度设计要求并按构造要求配筋的钢筋混凝土柱，在大震作用时可能有部分构件难以满足变形要求，通过推覆分析对构件和结构的变形性能进行评估是很有必要的。     

Mercury pollution in the waters around Harboøre Tange and Limfjord,Denmark

High concentrations of mercury have been measured in mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected in two ‘hot spot’ areas: (1) near a closed-down chemical factory on the west coast of the Limfjord, and (2) on groynes in the immediate vicinity of a chemical deposit in the dunes on the Danish west coast. By collecting comparable samples of mussels from chains of buoys, the mercury pollution in the western Limfjord could be traced 50–100 km into the central and innermost parts of the Limfjord as a gradual decreasing mercury concentration gradient. By collecting mussels from groynes north and south of the chemical deposit, it was possible to monitor the relative extent of the mercury leakage to the North Sea before and after the excavation of the deposit. The investigations have demonstrated the applicability of M. edulis as a monitoring organism for mercury when importance is attached to concentration gradients and distribution patterns in well defined and homogeneous samples of mussels collected from natural populations.     

Comment on “the statistical analysis and interpretation of imperfectly-fitted Rb-Sr isochrons from polymetamorphic terrains” by M. Cameron et al.

Cameronet al. (1981) proposed a “Free Line Model” for calculating formation ages for rock systems that have undergone local scale homogenization by ⁸⁷Sr migration. This model is valid only if the variation in the ${}^{87}\text{Rb}{}^{86}\text{Sr}$ ratio is independent of the variation in Sr-content within the rock system. If Sr increases linearly with increasing ${}^{87}\text{Rb}{}^{86}\text{Sr}$ the calculated age will be too high. If Sr decreases linearly with increasing ${}^{87}\text{Rb}{}^{86}\text{Sr}$, the calculated age will be systematically too low. If the rate of change in Sr with increasing ${}^{87}\text{Rb}{}^{86}\text{Sr}$ varies systematically through a rock system the “isochron” will be curved and the calculated ages will be younger or older than the real age, depending on the position of samples in relation to the curvature of the “isochron.” This problem with the “Free Line Model” is inherited in both the “Bulk Earth Model 1” and the “Bulk Earth Model 2.”     

The Laacher See Tephra discovered in southernmost Sweden

We present the first geochemically confirmed finding of the Laacher See Tephra (LST) on the Swedish mainland, now the northernmost extension of the LST. Sediments were sampled at the Körslättamossen fen, southernmost Sweden, and a high‐concentration cryptotephra occurrence (>65 000 shards cm^?3) of the LST was found in a sequence of calcareous gyttja. Tephra identification was confirmed by geochemical analysis using field‐emission electron probe microanalysis and through comparison of the results with published LST data from proximal sites and distal sites north‐east of Laacher See. The LST has previously been divided into eruption phases suggested to have spread in several dispersal fans, but it was not possible to confidently determine the phase of the tephra here closer than to the MLST or ULST. The finding of the LST presented here further strengthens the potential of tephrochronological studies in the south Scandinavian region.

     

Tempestite facies variability and storm-depositional processes across a wide ramp: Towards a polygenetic model for hummocky cross-stratification

The hydrodynamic mechanisms responsible for the genesis and facies variability of shallow-marine sandstone storm deposits (tempestites) have been intensely debated, with particular focus on hummocky cross-stratification. Despite being ubiquitously utilized as diagnostic elements of high-energy storm events, the full formative process spectrum of tempestites and hummocky cross-stratification is still to be determined. In this study, detailed sedimentological investigations of more than 950 discrete tempestites within the Lower Cretaceous Rurikfjellet Formation on Spitsbergen, Svalbard, shed new light on the formation and environmental significance of hummocky cross-stratification, and provide a reference for evaluation of tempestite facies models. Three generic types of tempestites are recognized, representing deposition from: (i) relatively steady and (ii) highly unsteady storm-wave-generated oscillatory flows or oscillatory-dominated combined-flows; and (iii) various storm-wave-modified hyperpycnal flows (including waxing–waning flows) generated directly from plunging rivers. A low-gradient ramp physiography enhanced both distally progressive deceleration of the hyperpycnal flows and the spatial extent and relative magnitude of wave-added turbulence. Sandstone beds display a wide range of simple and complex configurations of hummocky cross-stratification. Features include ripple cross-lamination and ‘compound’ stratification, soft-sediment deformation structures, local shifts to quasi-planar lamination, double draping, metre-scale channelized bed architectures, gravel-rich intervals, inverse-to-normal grading, and vertical alternation of sedimentary structures. A polygenetic model is presented to account for the various configurations of hummocky cross-stratification that may commonly be produced during storms by wave oscillations, hyperpycnal flows and downwelling flows. Inherent storm-wave unsteadiness probably facilitates the generation of a wide range of hummocky cross-stratification configurations due to: (i) changes in near-bed oscillatory shear stresses related to passing wave groups or tidal water-level variations; (ii) multidirectional combined-flows related to polymodal and time-varying orientations of wave oscillations; and (iii) syndepositional liquefaction related to cyclic wave stress. Previous proximal–distal tempestite facies models may only be applicable to relatively high-gradient shelves, and new models are necessary for low-gradient settings.     

Oil well produced water discharges to the North Sea. Part I: comparison of deployed mussels (Mytilus edulis), semi-permeable membrane devices, and the DREAM model predictions to estimate the dispersion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

The oil companies operating in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea have conducted field studies since the mid-1990s to monitor produced water discharges to the ocean. These studies have been used to refine monitoring methods, and to develop and validate a dispersion and impact assessment model. This paper summarizes monitoring data from surveys conducted in two major oil and gas production areas, and compares the results to concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in surface waters predicted by the dose-related risk and effect assessment model (DREAM). Blue mussels and semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed in the Ekofisk and Tampen Regions and analyzed for more than 50 PAH. PAH concentrations in ambient seawater were estimated based on the mussels and SPMD concentrations, and compared to model predictions. Surface water total PAH concentrations ranged from 25 to 350 ng/L within 1 km of the platform discharges and reached background levels of 4-8 ng/L within 5-10 km of the discharge; a 100,000-fold dilution of the PAH in the discharge water. The PAH concentrations in surface water, predicted by three methods, compared well for the Ekofisk Region. The model predicted higher concentrations than the field-based methods for parts of the Tampen Region; particularly the most tidally influenced areas. Tidally-mediated fluctuations in PAH concentrations in surface water must be considered because they affect the estimation of PAH concentrations from mussel and SPMD residue data, and the predictions by the DREAM model. Predictions using mussels, SPMDs, and modeling support and complement each other; all are valuable tools for estimating the fate and impact of chemical contaminants in produced water that are discharged to the ocean.