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251.
Haruka Ono Atsushi Takenouchi Takashi Mikouchi Akira Yamaguchi 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2019,54(11):2744-2757
Some eucrites contain up to 10 vol% silica minerals; however, silica minerals have not been studied in detail so far. We performed a mineralogical study of silica minerals in three cumulate eucrites (Moore County, Moama, and Yamato [Y] 980433). Monoclinic tridymite was common in all three samples. Moama contained orthorhombic tridymite as lamellae within monoclinic tridymite grains. Y 980433 included quartz around an impact melt vein. The presence of orthorhombic tridymite in Moama indicates that Moama cooled more rapidly than the other two samples at low temperatures (<400 °C). This result is different from the slower cooling rates of Moama (?0.0004 °C yr?1) than that of Moore County (>0.3 °C yr?1, after the shock event) at high temperatures (>500 °C) estimated from compositional profiles of pyroxene exsolution lamellae. The difference of the cooling rates may reflect their geological settings. Y 980433 cooled slowly at low temperature, as did Moore County. Quartz in Y 980433 could be a local product transformed from monoclinic tridymite by a shock event. We suggest that silica minerals in meteorites record thermal histories at low temperatures and shock events. 相似文献
252.
Osamu Abe Atsushi Watanabe V. V. S. S. Sarma Yohei Matsui Hiroya Yamano Naohiro Yoshida Toshiro Saino 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(3):363-372
We estimated gas exchange rates in Kabira Reef at Ishigaki Island, southwest Japan, using a mass balance calculation with
dual “biological” tracers: dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved oxygen (DO). The nighttime results allowed us to
obtain reasonable gas transfer velocity k
w values, all of which exceeded those obtained in wind-dominant studies. The difference is likely due to the contribution of
turbulence generated by the interaction between the current and bottom topography. The k
w obtained during high tides is consistent with that reported by Raymond and Cole (2001), whereas k
w during low tides is significantly higher, which seems to be caused by enhanced friction with the bottom of the reef and/or
bubble-induced gas transfer by wave breaking at the reef crest. 相似文献
253.
Atsushi Matsuoka Pierre Larouche Michel Poulin Warwick Vincent Hiroshi Hattori 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
The chlorophyll a specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton, aφ∗(λ) is an important parameter to determine for primary production models and for the estimation of phytoplankton physiological condition. Knowledge of this parameter at high latitudes where nutrient rich cold water submitted to low incident light is a common environment is almost nonexistent. To address this issue, we investigated the light absorption properties of phytoplankton as a function of irradiance, temperature, and nutrients using a large data set in the southern Beaufort Sea during the open water to ice cover transition period. The aφ∗(λ) tended to increase from autumn when open water still existed to early winter when sea ice cover was formed, resulting from a biological selection of smaller-size phytoplankton more efficient to absorb light. There was no significant correlation between aφ∗(λ) and irradiance or temperature for both seasons. However, aφ∗(λ) showed a significant positive correlation with NO3 + NO2. Implications of the results for phytoplankton community adaptation to changing light levels are discussed. 相似文献
254.
Review on North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrents and Subtropical Fronts: role of mode waters in ocean circulation and climate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) is a narrow eastward jet on the equator side of a subtropical gyre, flowing against the
broad westward Sverdrup flow. Together with theories, recent enhanced observations and model simulations have revealed the
importance of mode waters in the formation and variability of North Pacific STCCs. There are three distinct STCCs in the North
Pacific, maintained by low potential vorticity (PV) that mode waters carry from the north. Model simulations show that changes
in mode water ventilation result in interannual to interdecadal variations and long-term changes of STCCs. STCCs affect the
atmosphere through their surface thermal effects, inducing anomalous cyclonic wind curl and precipitation along them. Thus,
mode waters are not merely passive water masses but have dynamical and climatic effects. For temporal variability, atmospheric
forcings are also suggested to be important in addition to the variability of mode waters. STCCs exist in other oceans and
they are also flanked by mode waters on their poleward sides, suggesting that they are maintained by similar dynamics. 相似文献
255.
Toshihiro Yoshimura Rei Nakashima Atsushi Suzuki Noriko Tomioka Hodaka Kawahata 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,43(3):437-448
We present oxygen and carbon isotope ratios and the morphological structure of the cultured freshwater pearl mussel (Hyriopsis sp., Unionidae) shell and pearl. The number of first-order fluctuations of δ18O of the outer shell layer along the maximum growth axis was consistent with the number of cultured years. The dominant factor
controlling annual δ18O fluctuations was water temperature with a minor contribution from the variation in δ18O of ambient water, especially during the rainy season. The δ13C values were approximately constant throughout the life of the mussel, suggesting that the contributions of body size to
δ13C of the shell were minor. We observed nine distinct disturbance rings on the outer surface of the shell. Five rings coincided
with the five winter peaks of the δ18O profile, indicating winter growth cessation below approximately 10°C, probably because of either inactive growth at low
water temperatures or reproduction. Summer disturbance rings were not observed in all years. Moreover, some summer rings showed
discontinuity in the inner structure. These findings suggest that summer growth cessation may be caused by occasional events
such as heavy rains, as the decrease of dissolved oxygen concentration. The δ18O profile and shell structures indicated that shell aragonite was precipitated at close to equilibrium conditions with respect
to the oxygen isotope composition of the ambient water. Hyriopsis sp. shells can potentially be used for reconstruction of past hydrologic conditions. The δ18O of a pearl indicated that calcification occurred over a temperature range of at least 13–23°C. The optimal temperature for
pearl calcification in this species is lower than that for marine pearl calcification. 相似文献
256.
Combined effects of photosynthesis and calcification on the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in seawater 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Atsushi Suzuki 《Journal of Oceanography》1998,54(1):1-7
The effects of marine photosynthesis and calcification on the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in seawater (P
CO
2) are examined in the light of recent studies and using original model calculations. The ratio of organic carbon to inorganic
carbon production (R
OI) determines whether an ecosystem is a net sink or source for atmospheric CO2. TheP
CO
2 maintains its initial value when the photosynthetic rate is approximately 0.6 times the calcification rate under normal sea
surface condition. In case of higherR
OI, theP
CO
2 decreases and seawater can absorb atmospheric CO2. The ratio of organic carbon to inorganic carbon production can be used as a potential indicator of sink-source behavior
in aquatic photo-calcifying systems. 相似文献
257.
Hikaru Iwamori Hitomi Nakamura Masaki Yoshida Takashi Nakagawa Kenta Ueki Atsushi Nakao Tatsuji Nishizawa Satoru Haraguchi 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2019,351(2-3):209-220
Recent statistical analyses on the isotopic compositions of oceanic, arc, and continental basalts have revealed that the Earth's mantle is broadly divided into eastern and western hemispheres. The present study aimed to characterize the isotopically defined east–west geochemical hemispheres using trace-element concentrations. Basalt data with Rb, Sr, Nd, Sm, Pb, Th, and U in addition to the isotopic ratios 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb were selected mostly from the GEOROC and PetDB databases. A total of 4787 samples were used to investigate the global geochemical variations. The results show that the wide trace-element variations are broadly explained by the melting of melt-metasomatized and fluid-metasomatized mantle sources. The larger amount of the fluid component derived from subducted plates in the eastern hemisphere than that in the western hemisphere is inferred from the basalts. These characteristics support the hypothesis that focused subduction towards the supercontinent created the mantle geochemical hemispheres. 相似文献
258.
Atsushi Nozaki Ryuichi Majima Koji Kameo Saburo Sakai Atsuro Kouda Shungo Kawagata Hideki Wada Hiroshi Kitazato 《Island Arc》2014,23(2):157-179
We present field and core observations, nannofossil biostratigraphy, and stable oxygen isotope fluctuations in foraminiferal tests to describe the geology and to construct an age model of the Lower Pleistocene Nojima, Ofuna, and Koshiba Formations (in ascending order) of the middle Kazusa Group, a forearc basin‐fill succession, exposed on the northern Miura Peninsula on the Pacific side of central Japan. In the study area, the Nojima Formation is composed of sandy mudstone and alternating sandy mudstone and mudstone, the Ofuna Formation of massive mudstone, and the Koshiba Formation of sandy mudstone, muddy sandstone, and sandstone. The Kazusa Group contains many tuff beds that are characteristic of forearc deposits. Thirty‐six of those tuff beds have characteristic lithologies and stratigraphic positions that allow them to be traced over considerable distances. Examination of calcareous nannofossils revealed three nannofossil datum planes in the sequences: datum 10 (first appearance of large Gephyrocapsa), datum 11 (first appearance of Gephyrocapsa oceanica), and datum 12 (first appearance of Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica). Stable oxygen isotope data from the tests of the planktonic foraminifer Globorotalia inflata extracted from cores were measured to identify the stratigraphic fluctuations of oxygen isotope ratios that are controlled by glacial–interglacial cycles. The observed fluctuations were assigned to marine isotope stages (MISs) 49–61 on the basis of correlations of the fluctuations with nannofossil datum planes. Using the age model obtained, we estimated the ages of 24 tuff beds. Among these, the SKT‐11 and SKT‐12 tuff beds have been correlated with the Kd25 and Kd24 tuff beds, respectively, of the Kiwada Formation on the Boso Peninsula. The Kd25 and Kd24 tuff beds are widely recognized in Pleistocene strata in Japan. We used our age model to date SKT‐11 at 1573 ka and SKT‐12 at 1543 ka. 相似文献
259.
Ryohei Sasayama Nanako Hioki Yuichiroh Morita Yutaka Isoda Keiri Imai Atsushi Ooki Kenshi Kuma 《Journal of Oceanography》2018,74(4):367-379
We studied the behavior of chemical substances in the upper 300 m of the water column across the continental shelf–slope interface in the East China Sea off the Okinawa Trough. The behaviors of iron, inorganic nutrients, and humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter were strongly influenced by the extensive water exchange between the East China Sea and the Kuroshio Current across the shelf break and slope via upwelling and frontal processes. We attributed the high humic-like fluorescent intensity at the subsurface of the shelf break and slope regions to the lateral supply of humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter from the shelf sediments to the outer shelf region due to the intrusion of shelf water into Kuroshio subsurface water. We found that the behavior of iron at the continental shelf–slope was remarkably different from the conservative mixing of inorganic nutrients and humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter. In deep and bottom waters at the shelf–slope, high total iron concentrations, which were closely related to water transmittance, possibly resulted from the swept transport of iron-rich resuspended sediments over the shelf floor from the slope by the invading Kuroshio Intermediate Water close to the bottom. 相似文献
260.
Akihiro Iwase Kazuhiko Sakai Atsushi Suzuki Robert van Woesik 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,77(4):672-678
We tested the hypothesis that foliose plates of Echinopora lamellosa (Esper, 1795) adjust their primary growth direction (or slope from the horizontal) when irradiance (light) is limiting. This hypothesis was tested at a coral-reef locality that is shaded daily by steep adjacent hills, restricting direct light to only a few hours each day (Iwayama Bay, Palau). The angle at which colonies received maximum light was measured using acetate film, and was compared with modeled estimates (using a simple global-light model). We show strong relationships between light and primary-colony gradients; with the foliose plates acting as parabolic antennae, predictably adjusting their primary gradients to optimize light capture. 相似文献