Über den Nachweis von echtem Leverrierit in Tonsteinen aus unterkarbonischen Steinkohlenflözen von Dobrilugk

Zusammenfassung Die Existenz des Leverrierit als selbständiges Mineral wird mineralogisch (A. Schüller) und chemisch (H. Grassmann) nachgewiesen. Zusammenfassend seien die Eigenschaften des Leverrierit und des mit ihm verwechselten Kaolinit gegenübergestellt (Tabelle 4).     

Die Tonsteine aus den Steinkohlenflözen von Dobrilugk und ihre Entstehung

Zusammenfassung Es werden Tonsteine beschrieben, die als biochemische Sedimente im Steinkohlenmoor gebildet wurden. Die bisherige Deutung, solche Tonsteine seien ehemalige vulkanische Aschentuffe, wird als zur Zeit petrographisch unbegründet abgelehnt.     

Zur petrologischen und tektonischen Analyse des Fichtelgebirges

Zusammenfassung Es wird über auffällige petrographische und tektonische Erscheinungen an den Gneisen des Fichtelgebirges berichtet. Die Gneise haben hier alle eine epizonale Dislokationsmetamorphose erfahren, wie sie in den Mylonitgneisen von Goldkronach heute vorliegt. Die epizonale Fazies wurde in den Wunsiedeler Kerngneisen in der Kontakthaube des variscischen Granites katazonal (bis mesozonal) umgeprägt. Eine großartige, an alpine Beispiele erinnernde Tektonik wird durch Gesteinsverknetungen sichtbar. Eine jüngere, 35 km lange Blattverschiebung wird an der gleichsinnigen Verlagerung von Münchberger Gneis (Bernecker Gneiskeil), Paläozoikum, der Achsen der Magmatite und von drei Marmorzügen nachgewiesen.     

Analysis of trophic networks and carbon flows in south-eastern Baltic coastal ecosystems

Carbon flows in five south-eastern Baltic coastal ecosystems (Puck Bay, Curonian Lagoon, Lithuanian coast, Gulf of Riga coast and Pärnu Bay) were compared on the basis of ECOPATH models using 12 common functional groups. The studied systems ranged from the hypertrophic Curonian Lagoon to the mesotrophic Gulf of Riga coast. Interestingly, we found that macrophytes were not consumed by grazers, but rather channelled into the detritus food chain. In all ecosystems fisheries had far reaching impacts on their target species and on the food-web in general. In particular, benthic food-webs were partly affected by indirect fisheries effects. For example, fisheries tend to change the biomass of piscivorous fish, causing a cascading effect on benthivorous fish and macrozoobenthos. These cascades are ecosystem specific and need to be considered when using benthic invertebrates as productivity and eutrophication indicators. Odum’s maturity attributes allowed a ranking of costal ecosystems according to their maturity. Namely, the community development decreased in the following order: Pärnu Bay > Gulf of Riga coast > Lithuanian coast > Puck Bay > Curonian Lagoon.     

Radio galaxies with a 'double-double morphology'– I. Analysis of the radio properties and evidence for interrupted activity in active galactic nuclei

We present four Mpc-sized radio galaxies which consist of a pair of double-lobed radio sources, aligned along the same axis, and with a coinciding radio core. We call these peculiar radio sources 'double-double' radio galaxies (DDRGs) and propose a general definition of such sources: a 'double-double' radio galaxy consists of a pair of double radio sources with a common centre. Furthermore, the two lobes of the inner radio source must have a clearly extended, edge-brightened radio morphology. Adopting this definition, we find several other candidate DDRGs in the literature. We find that in all sources the smaller (inner) pair of radio lobes is less luminous than the larger (outer) pair, and that the ratio of 1.4-GHz flux density of these two pairs appears to be anticorrelated with the projected linear size of the inner source. Also, the outer radio structures are large, exceeding 700 kpc. We discuss possible formation scenarios of the DDRGs, and we conclude that an interruption of the jet-forming central activity is the most likely mechanism. For one of our sources (B 1834+620) we have been able observationally to constrain the length of time of the interruption to a few Myr. We discuss several scenarios for the cause of the interruption, and suggest multiple encounters between interacting galaxies as a possibility. Finally, we discuss whether such interruptions help the formation of extremely large radio sources.     

Feeding of European cisco (Coregonus albula and C. lucinensis) on the glacial relict crustacean Mysis relicta in Lake Breiter Luzin (Germany)

Lake Breiter Luzin, located in north-eastern Germany, is known for the rare occurrence of sympatric populations of European cisco, Coregonus albula and C. lucinensis. Moreover, the lake is inhabited by the glacial relict crustacean Mysis relicta, currently found in only three other lakes in Germany. In the present study, the role of M. relicta in the diet of ciscoes was investigated. Between 2001 and 2002 ciscoes, mysids and zooplankton were caught in Lake Breiter Luzin and stomach contents of ciscoes were analysed. There were seasonal changes in the food items in the stomachs, largely reflecting changes in prey availability. The main food items were copepods (45–81%) and mysids (5–26%). Cladocerans had high amounts in the diet only in summer. Seasonal changes in selectivity were also noted for most prey groups. There were also some consistent patterns of prey preference, with an overall preference for mysids. In general, the prey composition in cisco stomachs did not show significant diet changes, but there were some significant differences between day and night feeding in single prey groups, such as cladocerans. Diet composition of ciscoes varied with the different depth strata in which the fish were caught. With increasing depth, the proportion of mysids in the diet significantly increased, whereas that of copepods significantly decreased. Between C. albula and C. lucinensis, no distinct differences in feeding were evident. Mysids provided an additional and important food resource to ciscoes, and were mainly consumed when the availability of other prey organisms decreased, as in autumn and in the deeper strata of the water column. However, mysids preyed on the same food organisms as ciscoes, indicating a strong competition for food between fish and mysids.