渤海湾西岸全新世海面变化

在讨论海面标志点基本定义的基础上,从渤海湾西岸534个原始数据中获得了136个指示高水位、潮间带或低水位的海面变化标志点,并重建了它们的相对海平面时空分布,进而获得了渤海湾西岸全新世相对海平面变化带.约10cal.ka B.P. 时,相对海平面变化带达到-25m,以约6m/1000a(即约6mm/a)的平均速率上升,在6cal.ka B.P. 前后达到现代海面的高度; 6cal.ka B.P. 至今,变化带的高度介于+1m~-2m之间,未发现中全新世相对高海面.再搬运海相贝类和陆相泥炭类样品的 14C 年龄,分别存在约600年和660年的驻留时间.经过驻留时间校正的新海面变化年代学序列,将渤海湾相对海平面达到现代高度的时间点确定为约6cal.ka B.P.,从而与全球海面变化的对比更为准确.渤海湾盆地的长期稳定下沉和沉积自重压实的共同作用,可能抵消了冰川均衡调整(GIA)引起的中全新世数米高的相对高海面.     

新疆博格达山晚古生代地层的形成时代、物源及其演化:碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学证据

新疆博格达山主体由石炭系海相火山—沉积岩系组成, 以发育两期双峰式火山岩, 但不发育花岗岩为特征, 对其晚古生代地层时代的划分和演化争议较大.本文重点对博格达山北部两个晚古生代砂岩进行了碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学分析, 重新标定博格达山地区晚古生代地层的形成时代; 利用物源区的演化, 约束晚古生代构造演化.测年结果显示博格达上亚群砂岩的碎屑锆石表面年龄值分布范围较宽, 主峰年龄为343～284 Ma(80%), 次峰年龄为386～375 Ma(3%)、503～441 Ma(7%)和871～735 Ma(10%); 芦草沟组砂岩的碎屑锆石表面年龄值非常集中, 主峰年龄为358～279 Ma(97%), 次峰年龄为257～251 Ma(约3%).博格达山中部原石炭纪博格达群上亚群与西部和南部下芨芨槽群相当, 应属于早二叠世, 中部—东部的石炭—二叠纪界线应在博格达下亚群—上亚群或居里得能组—沙雷塞尔克组之间的不整合面之中.博格达北部地区晚二叠世以南侧天山物源区供给为主, 反映出晚古生代期间博格达山地区至少存在晚石炭世末和中二叠世两期构造隆升.结合区域火山岩与火山碎屑岩的研究, 认为博格达山地区晚古生代主要经历4个演化阶段: 早石炭世弧后盆地裂解阶段、晚石炭世碰撞拼贴阶段、早二叠世碰撞后伸展阶段、中-晚二叠世再次隆升到稳定阶段.     

Drought prediction using in situ and remote sensing products with SVM over the Xiang River Basin,China

Natural Hazards - Droughts have caused many damages in many countries and might be aggravated around the world. Therefore, it is urgent to predict and monitor drought accurately. Soil moisture and...     

Combining AHP and genetic algorithms approaches to modify DRASTIC model to assess groundwater vulnerability: a case study from Jianghan Plain,China

Accurate identification of vulnerability areas is critical for groundwater resources protection and management. The present study employed the modified DRASTIC model to assess the groundwater vulnerability of Jianghan Plain, a major farming area in central China. DRASTICL model was developed by incorporating the land use factor to the original model. The ratings and weightings of the selected parameters were optimized by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and genetic algorithms (GAs) method, respectively. A combined AHP–GAs method was proposed to further develop this methodology. The unity-based normalization process was employed to categorize the vulnerability maps into four types, such as very high (>0.75), high (0.5–0.75), low (0.25–0.5), and very low (<0.25). The accuracy of vulnerability mapping was validated by Pearson’s correlation coefficient between vulnerability index and the nitrate concentration in groundwater and analysis of variance F statistic. The results revealed that the modified DRASTIC model had a large improvement over the conventional model. The correlation coefficient increased significantly from 41.07 to 75.31% after modification. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the depth to groundwater with 39.28% of mean effective weight was the most critical factor affecting the groundwater vulnerability. The developed vulnerability model proposed in this study could provide important objective information for groundwater and environmental management at local level and innovation for international researchers.     

一种桩锚连接的新方法——双向支座法

阐述一种新型的在基坑及边坡支护工程中的传力装置——双向支座法,详细论述了目前普遍使用的腰梁工法的不足,并对其进行了改进,提出了新的施工方法,在基坑支护工程中具有较高的推广和实用价值。     

关于我国的盐溶角砾岩

盐溶角砾岩可分为溶解-崩塌角砾岩和塑变-交代角砾岩两种类型。它们的主要鉴定特征是分布的层位稳定、角砾成分单一,而且无例外地均和易溶蒸发盐岩伴生。我国主要成盐期的地层中,均有盐溶角砾岩分布,不过发育的程度和特点略有不同。     

Finite Element Analysis of Crossing Flow in an Intersected Fracture by Penalty Function Formulation

On the basis of Navier-Stokes equation, a digital analogue of crossing flow is carried out by means of finiteelement analysis performed through penalty function formulation. The results of the digital analogue are ingood agreement with that of the previous hydraulic physical simulation. They both demonstrate the effect of"deflection flow" occurring at the fracture intersection that the fracture-water crossing flow deflects △q intothe wide fracture.     

防止矿井排水引起地面塌陷的新技术

作者在山东省金岭铁矿田和湖南省辰溪煤田考查了巨厚灰岩中出现的人工双层水位现象及其经济技术效益,深入研究了这种奇异现象形成的机制。 在覆盖岩溶地区,当灰岩含水层的厚度大到足够裂隙渗透张量随埋深的变化能够由竖立的椭球倒转成平卧椭球,而且灰岩含水层在深度S以下处在水文地质开启程度相对封闭的环境中,矿井最好采用分中段逐段疏干或首先从深部疏干的方案排水,就可以利用人工形成的双层水位防止地面岩溶塌陷,以及地表水顺塌陷倒灌矿井;还能同时缓解矿井排水与矿山供水之间的矛盾。     

Pattern of abrupt climatic fluctuation in the East Asian Monsoon during the Last Glacial: Evidence from Chinese loess records

Records of two loess sections located in mid-eastern and western margins of the East Asian Monsoon area captured 20 Dansgaard-Oescher events and six Heinrich events. All these suggested that the climate in the East Asian Monsoon area fluctuated rapidly on millennial to century timescales during the whole Last Glacial. We found that these loess-based events of rapid climate fluctuations were generally synchronous with those of GRIP records, but that there were differences between the Shagou loess section in the west and the Wangguan loess section in the east: the former was more sensitive to climate change than the latter. Compared with earlier studies on loess records covering the Last Glacial from neighboring areas, we discovered that the magnitude of Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles decreased gradually from west to east and we suggest that it resulted from the combined effect of the Westerlies and the East Asian Monsoon.