岱海与太湖沉积物焦碳和烟炱最近200年历史对比研究

黑碳是不完全燃烧产生的一种难熔的含碳物质的连续统一体,由焦碳（char）和烟炱（soot）组成。岱海与太湖沉积物焦碳和烟炱浓度对比显示,两个湖泊焦碳浓度和通量变化受局地火事件影响,无明显的规律;  而烟炱具有相似的变化历史,主要反映在1970年代后期急剧升高,与中国工业化历史一致。烟炱粒径细小,具区域传输特点,可以通过沉积物指示大气烟炱。结合当前大气气溶胶烟炱浓度,恢复了岱海与太湖地区最近200年来的大气烟炱浓度。其变化趋势与200年来北半球温度对比显示,大气烟炱中的高浓度对应于高温,低浓度对应低温。这种历史关系进一步证实大气烟炱在全球增温中具有极其重要的作用。     

东亚大尺度低空急流的背景流场与东半球的越赤道气流

本文介绍了关于东亚大尺度低空急流背景流场的研究,指出其上游的季风西风带对它的重要作用,以及它与东非地区越赤道气流之间的关系。利用欧洲中期预报中心提供的资料,考查了1979,1982和1983年8个夏季月的东亚大尺度低空急流,进一步研究了它们的上游流场和背景气流,指出东亚地区的低空急流主要以亚洲季风为背景。大风动量一次一次地沿着季风气流向急流区传播,它还与越赤道气流关系密切;绝大多数大尺度低空急流是东半球几支越赤道气流东传后汇合的产物。5月,以80°E附近的越赤道气流为主;6月中旬后,索马里地区低空急流建立,东非越赤道气流成为主要的影响系统,并经常与105°E的越赤道气流共同作用影响我国或东亚地区的低空急流。     

Distribution of the C37 tetra-unsaturated alkenone in Lake Qinghai, China: A potential lake salinity indicator

The alkenone unsaturation index U^K′₃₇ has been applied to reconstruct past temperature changes in both marine and lacustrine systems. However, few studies have addressed whether the relative abundance of the C_37:4 alkenone to the total C₃₇ production (%C_37:4) can reflect surface salinity changes in lacustrine systems. Here we present long-chain C₃₇ alkenone distribution patterns in surface sediments from Lake Qinghai, China. Surface sediments were sampled over a large range of surface salinity changes (1.7-25 g/l) within Lake Qinghai and its surrounding lakes, while temperature differences at these sampling locations should be relatively small. We have found that %C_37:4 varies from 15% to 49% as surface salinity decreases. We tentatively describe this %C_37:4-salinity link with a general linear regression: %C_37:4 = 53.4 (±7.8) − 1.73 (±0.45) × S (n = 28, r² = 0.62), although step-wise %C_37:4 changes in response to salinity variation may exist. U^K′₃₇ values vary between 0.10 and 0.16 at these sites and the inferred range of lake water temperature changes is ∼2-3 °C, suggesting that U^K′₃₇ largely reflects temperature signal across a large salinity range, consistent with previous findings that U^K′₃₇ can indicate temperature changes over a large diversity of environmental settings. We have also found that U^K′₃₇ values are correlated with salinity changes (r² = 0.4), and thus cannot exclude potential temperature effect on %C_37:4 and salinity effect on U^K′₃₇ in this study. However, even extreme estimates of temperature differences within the lake are still unable to explain the observed %C_37:4 changes. We therefore suggest that %C_37:4 could be used to infer past lake salinity changes at a regional scale.     

Early-fusion based pulsar identification with smart under-sampling

The discovery of pulsars is of great significance in the field of physics and astronomy.As the astronomical equipment produces a large number of pulsar data,an ...     

天津武清地区云凝结核变化特征

利用2009年11—12月在天津武清气象局测量的云凝结核(CCN:Cloud Condensation Nuclei)浓度资料以及气溶胶数谱分布的观测资料,分析了武清地区在不同过饱和度(0.1%～1.0%)下云凝结核浓度及活化率的变化特征。结果表明:武清地区冬季CCN数浓度变化范围很大,过饱和度1%时,浓度变化范围为4000～32000cm-3,且浓度受风速影响明显,风速2级以下CCN数浓度很高,过饱和度1%时,其平均浓度可达16000cm-3,但对于4级风速以上CCN平均浓度为4000cm-3左右;在过饱和度0.1%～0.4%间CCN浓度变化较大,过饱和度每增加0.1%,CCN浓度增加值平均约为过饱和度0.4%～1.0%间浓度增量的5倍。低过饱和度(0.1%、0.2%)下,活化率受风速影响明显,1级风速下的CCN活化率约为4级风速下的3倍,但在过饱和度1%时活化率则相差不大。CCN浓度的日变化呈双峰型,峰值时刻为北京时间08:00和18:00左右,活化率的日变化则呈双谷型,这主要是受局地排放影响的结果。利用指数函数拟合各风速下CCN浓度过饱和度谱,表明该地谱型为典型的大陆型。     

Experimental Study and Fatigue Analysis of Vortex-Induced Vibration of Umbilical Cable Considering Internal Friction

In order to investigate the effect of internal friction of umbilical cable on its vortex-induced vibration(VIV)responses, the experimental study on VIV of bond umbilical cable(BUC) and un-bond umbilical cable(UBUC) was carried out in an experimental tank. A current generator in the laboratory simulated the uniform current, and the current velocities were observed in real time by using a Doppler Velocimeter. In addition, different sizes of top tension were applied to the umbilical cable model. The VIV responses of the umbilical cable model were measured by using Fiber Bragg grating(FBG) strain sensors. The displacement responses of umbilical cable model were reconstructed based on the experimental strain data processed by modal superposition method. In this paper, the traveling wave characteristics, the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of frequency and fatigue damage of the BUC and UBUC under VIV are studied. The experimental results show that there are obvious differences between BUC and UBUC in the response characteristics of VIV. The UBUC appears the traveling wave sooner than BUC, but its standing wave characteristics are more obvious than those of BUC at high velocities. Compared with BUC, the spatial-temporal distribution of UBUC frequencies appears wide-band distribution sooner, but has narrower bandwidth in the "lock-in" state. The level of fatigue damage of BUC was approximately the same as that of UBUC.     

广东省海洋生态环境现状及保护对策建议

广东省作为海洋强省,海洋经济总量连续多年居全国首位,不断助力海洋强国建设。海洋生态环境的有效保护是海洋经济高质量发展的重要前提,文章在分析广东省近年来海洋生态环境状况、面临的机遇和挑战的基础上,提出海洋生态环境保护的建议,主要包括：健全源头管控,制定各类型入海排污口管控措施,实施动态监管;开展入海江河整治,减少入海营养盐负荷,逐步建立“河长制”和“湾长制”的衔接机制;加强用海风险防范,严控海洋环境风险,构建事前防范、事后管控、事后处置的全过程海洋生态风险防范体系;实施洁净海岸带工程,强化海洋生态修复,提升公众亲海岸线的生态空间品质;强化海洋资源高效利用,坚持海洋经济绿色发展,加快推动海洋经济高质量发展;推动人才队伍建设,保障监测技能提能增效,提升全省海洋环境监测信息化水平。     

南坑河污染初步调查及河岸植物的富集能力

南坑河是新丰江的一条支流,直接汇入广东省最大的饮用水源地新丰江水库。野外调查中发现私自采矿和在河流沿岸洗矿等行为不断发生,大量洗矿废水未经处理直接注入南坑河,可能会造成污染。因此,采样初步分析了南坑河河水、河流底泥沉积物及附近优势植物的9种重金属元素含量。结果发现：与地表水II类标准相比,南坑河枯水期水体污染严重,其中连续2 a的铅、砷和汞超标,超标倍数分别为1.7~1.8、1.3~1.9和1.6~2.9倍,而底泥中铜、镉、铅、锌和砷均超标,超标倍数分别为4.8、9.0、3.9、4.3和10.9倍,镉和砷超标较为严重。另外,收集并鉴定了河岸或河漫滩中天然生长的15种植物,发现以蕨类植物和多年生禾草为主要类型。通过分析植物体内9种重金属元素含量,发现对砷吸附能力最强的当属蜈蚣草,其叶片中砷的含量（609.20 mg/kg）和茎干中砷的含量（814.77 mg/kg）均大于根部的砷含量（577.30 mg/kg）;蜈蚣草对铁、锰、铜和铅的吸附能力也远远大于其他河岸植物,可以作为良好地修复以砷为主的复合重金属污染土壤的富集植物。     

东亚冬季风环流异常与中国江淮流域夏季旱涝天气的关系

选取１９５１—１９９１年中的长江淮河流域夏季旱涝各１０年，对它们前期的中高纬大型环流形势，低纬环流特征，垂直环流强弱，热带海洋状况等进行了对比诊断分析，其结果如下：长江淮河流域夏季旱年前冬（１２—１—２月），欧亚中高纬呈经向型环流，东亚大槽较常年强且南伸，乌拉尔山及鄂霍次克海阻塞形势发展，寒潮活动频繁，东亚沿海中低纬冷涌活动强烈，至使该经度带上的跨赤道气流加强，而且使南海至菲律宾地区的对流活动趋于活跃。而涝年前冬则基本上为相反形势。本文的分析清晰地揭示了旱涝年前冬东亚冬季风环流存在着明显的差别，促使我们寻找冬夏季风活动的可能联系及物理机制。     

云南地区的背景弹性波场分析

利用云南省地震台网44个台站记录的2008年1-9月连续波形数据进行互相关计算,得到了台站间的格林函数,并获取对应的频散曲线,据此分析了该地区的区域背景弹性波场的来源及分布.研究发现,该地区的区域背景弹性波场有着明显的方向性,15s信号的总体传播方向是从东南向西北,也就是说主要来自云南省的东南方向,据此推测区域背景弹性...