1∶2 500 000华北侵入岩地质图空间数据库

1∶2 500 000华北侵入岩地质图空间数据库是以华北地区近年完成的1∶250 000、1∶50 000基础地质调查资料以及专题研究为依托,结合国内外最新文献成果编制而成。地质图以研究区侵入岩为主要研究对象,通过编图建库的手段表达华北地区侵入岩时空格架、物质组成以及空间分带。图幅采用MapGIS 6.7软件制作,侵入岩按“岩性+年代”进行表示,包含侵入岩面元单位1743个,地层单位1534个,同位素年龄数据404个,并对侵入岩面元及同位素年龄赋予了相应属性,总体数据量约218 MB。地质图重点突出了华北地区岩浆岩分带,详细梳理了不同岩浆岩带的空间分布、岩浆期次、岩石组合、地球化学特征及构造背景等信息,充分反映了近年来地质调查和科研工作新成果,能够为后续地质调查、科学研究以及生产工作提供基础地质图件及信息资料服务,对服务资源和经济社会建设具有一定参考意义。     

山西阳泉地区旅游地质资源遥感调查与成果分析

为查清山西省阳泉地区旅游地质资源分布状况,方便当地政府掌握区内旅游地质资源现状,为地质公园开发、保护与发展规划提供决策依据,山西省自然资源厅(原山西省国土资源厅)于2018年开展了“山西省阳泉地区旅游地质资源调查”项目,基于三维可视化遥感影像,采用目视解译方法,并结合已有地质资料和野外调查数据,获取了阳泉旅游地质资源分布信息。在阳泉中东部圈定了一条呈月牙形的旅游地质资源密集分布带,该分布带西起盂县藏山,向南东过平定玉皇洞,终至平定县娘子关,分布在碳酸盐岩区,集山地地貌景观、岩溶地貌景观和泉域地貌景观于一体,是我国北方地区规模较大、较为典型的碳酸盐岩地貌、岩溶地貌和泉域地貌出露区,在区域上连片分布,具有较高的开发潜力。建议在“藏山旅游区—岩溶地貌景区—娘子关旅游区”范围申请建立北方碳酸盐岩景观多成因类型地质公园。     

Granular soils: from DEM simulation to constitutive modeling

Acta Geotechnica - In this study, the distinct element method (DEM) was employed to numerically explore the mechanical responses of granular soils and to extract key components for an elastoplastic...     

Study on Holocene Paleoearthquakes in Xizhang Trench on the Jiaocheng Fault Zone,Shanxi Province

Xizhang trench is located 10 km northwest of Taiyuan city, Shanxi Province, in front of a NNW-trending scarp of 4.6m height on the northern segment of the Jiaocheng fault zone. The dimensions of the trench are 108m in length, 8m in width, and 10m in depth. There are 18 horizons revealed in the trench. The upper strata are sandy loam; the upper strata of the downthrown block of the fault are gravels, the lower ones are an interbed of brown loam and sandy loam. The strata on the upthrown block of the fault are sandy loam containing gravel. The trench shows 3 fault planes, and the upper offset point on the fault plane is 1.5m below the ground surface, the newest dislocated stratum is （3.74±0.06） ka BP. The trench reveals a lot of deformation traces, such as fault planes, dislocated strata, colluvial wedges and formation tilting. The relationship between strata and faults in the trench shows that 3 paleoearthquake events have occurred at the Jiaocheng fault zone since the Early Holocene, they are about （3.74±0.06）- （3.06±0.26）ka BP, （8.35±0.09）ka- （3.74±0.06）ka BP, and（ 10.66±0.85） - （8.35±0.09）ka BP. The average interval among the events is 2.6 - 3.6ka. The minimum coseismic vertical displacements of the 3 events are 3.0m, 2.5m and 3.2m, respectively. The significance of Xizhang trench is that the Jiaocheng fault used to be active thousands of years ago, though there is no M ≥ 7.0 earthquake recorded in historical documents. Evidence of new Jiaocheng fault zone activity during the Holocene is important for the earthquake safety assessment of Taiynan city in the future.     

堆积阶地古老滑坡识别方法及其在线状工程地质勘察中的应用

阶地型古老滑坡体形成后,长期受各种营力影响,导致古老滑坡地貌形态破坏严重甚至消失。目前遥感技术和普通工程地质调绘很难发现这些滑坡的存在,给工程建设和后期运营造成较大安全隐患。为准确识别形态特征不明显的古老滑坡体,从阶地物质结构特征演变入手,找到阶地受剪切破坏产生的典型物质结构特征,将地层结构错断、卵砾石异常定向排列、摩擦镜面和泥包粒的眼球构造等作为滑坡准确识别依据。首先采用沿沟谷进行工程地质测绘的纵横交错追踪法确定滑坡体纵向范围和滑面形状,再结合地貌特征推测各级、块滑坡平面范围和分布,最后用点状勘探工程验证和校正推测结论。可将其总结为由"地貌异常、沿沟追踪、面上推断、点状校验"组成的阶地型滑坡识别方法,即物质结构异常推断法。结合线状工程勘察设计各阶段工作特点,提出线状工程前期工作中阶地型滑坡识别步骤,并在临渭高速公路工程建设项目中取得成功应用。     

An improved input energy spectrum verified by the shake table tests

Input energy is the principal component of the energy balance equation. It is beneficial to determine, through its components, how the recoverable and irrecoverable energies are distributed within the structural elements. Several equations and attenuation relations to define mass-normalized input energy spectra exist in the literature. They are mainly proposed for elastic systems subjected to far-fault EQs. There is a lack of experimental verification of these proposed spectra. In this paper, experimental assessment was performed to the existing spectra, and further improvements were accomplished. For this purpose, steel cantilever columns were tested on the shake table for two specific historical EQs coincidently having similar spectral acceleration values. Based on the experimental results, a three-part mass-normalized relative input energy spectrum was formulated including soil type, EQ (corner period, intensity, duration, spectral acceleration, and velocity), and structural behavioral characteristics (period and structural damping). The proposed input energy spectrum was experimentally calibrated and numerically validated for various EQs featuring near- and far-field types. Analytical and experimental comparisons were made between the previously developed spectrum and the newly proposed one. The validation studies and the statistical evaluations exposed that the proposed spectrum yielded better agreement with the experimental and numerical results.     

2017年九寨沟MS 7.0地震震源深度测定

为了更好地确定2017年8月8日九寨沟M_(S )7.0地震震源深度其发震机理,利用四川、甘肃和青海区域地震台网的观测波形数据,采用多种方法研究了此次地震的震源深度。首先,采用gCAP方法反演了九寨沟M_(S )7.0地震的震源机制解和矩心深度,结果显示,节面Ⅰ走向243°/倾角87°/滑动角-158°,节面Ⅱ走向151°/倾角68°/滑动角-3°,矩震级为M_(W )6.5,矩心深度为8 km;然后,采用ISOLA近震全波形方法反演了此次地震的震源机制解,反演结果与gCAP方法结果相差不大,矩心深度为7 km;最后,通过sPn震相与Pn震相之间的走时差测定此次地震初始破裂震源深度,结果显示深度约为12 km。研究表明,九寨沟M_(S )7.0地震的矩心深度为7—8 km,初始破裂深度约为12 km。     

地球内核顶部300km速度和衰减各向异性的区域变化

衰减结构是地球内核的重要性质,它可以与地球内核的速度结构结合,对内核的形成和演化机制提供更全面的信息.本文系统收集了1991年到2014年全球、区域和临时地震台网的PKPDF和PKPBC数据,研究了澳大利亚、非洲和太平洋中部下方内核顶部300km的速度和衰减各向异性结构.速度结果表明,澳大利亚下方内核的速度没有明显的各向异性,但是非洲和太平洋中部下方的内核具有明显的各向异性,且非洲的速度各向异性强于太平洋中部.同时,相对于AK135模型,澳大利亚的平均速度快0.5%,而非洲和太平洋中部的平均速度与参考模型没有明显差异.对于内核的衰减结构,我们得到以下结果:1)在东西方向,内核顶部200km左右的区域,澳大利亚的衰减最强(Q值在400左右),非洲和太平洋中部的Q值分别在600和500左右.2)澳大利亚下方的内核衰减没有明显的各向异性,非洲和太平洋中部下方的内核衰减存在明显的各向异性.此外,内核在非洲地区的衰减各向异性强于太平洋中部的各向异性.3)最后,内核中三个区域的速度和衰减具有良好的相关性,即高/低速对应于高/低衰减.考虑到以上结果以及三个区域的位置,我们认为内核顶部的速度和衰减结构都存在区域变化,而不是简单的半球变化.这种区域变化很可能是由于核幔边界热结构的不均一性和内核耦合,使得内核顶部的不同区域在形成过程中受不同的变形影响,从而形成铁晶体不同的生长和排列,引发了不同的各向异性特征.     

地震计保温效能分析

为内蒙古自治区大沁塔拉地震台地震计安装保温罩,利用台基噪声计算软件,计算保温前后地震观测数据PSD概率密度函数,分析保温罩对地震计的效能,结果发现,保温罩安装后,地震计温度变化平稳,地震观测数据质量提高。     

基于PIES观测东沙群岛附近声传播变化

本研究旨在将PIES观测数据应用于海洋水声环境的监测。利用一次南海PIES观测数据,反演得到温盐剖面,进而计算声场信息。结合观测期间的暖涡及台风事件对反演及计算结果进行了分析验证。结果表明,PIES能够在长期连续观测中较为敏感地捕获上层水体及表面声道的变化特征,为水声通信、探测及潜航路径规划等提供参考,在水声研究及海洋军事环境保障中都具有良好的应用前景。