景像匹配仿真的一种新方法

分析了影响景像相关匹配精度的各种误差因素,并给出它们的误差仿真模型,该模型可以适应飞行姿态、飞行器特性、天候等条件变化时的匹配概率估计,并可以与图像特征参数分析方法相结合。实验验证了该模型的有效性,且可以快速地给出景像图的适配性估计图,用于飞行器的航迹规划。     

必须应用软件工程的方法开发GIS软件

简要介绍了GIS的软件功能，指出在软件设计中没有采用先进的软件工程方法给我国的GIS软件开发赞成了严重后果，在分析原因的基础上提出了解决建议并强调必须应用软件工程的方法开发GIS软件。     

Exploring the spatial and temporal dynamics of land use in Xizhuang watershed of Yunnan, southwest China

Over the last two decades, China has introduced a series of agricultural and forestland use reforms, aiming to feed the largest population in the world and maintain ecological services locally and nationally. This paper studies the impacts of local government-driven reforestation on land use and land cover change, as well as its further impacts on livelihoods of upland farmers in Xizhuang watershed. An analysis of aerial photographs and ASTER satellite imagery from 1987 to 2002, respectively, showed that the forest has significantly increased at the expense of decreasing farmland. However, the monoculture reforestation of pine has caused both biophysical and socio-economic consequences. This case study also shows forestry decentralization in China remains incomplete. Land use and land cover change is also a political economic issue. Some of the reforms designed to protect forest resources have had a negative impact on rural livelihoods.     

电子新技术条件下的地图设计

电子出版系统的参与与电子地图的兴起,是当今地图制图新技术的重要表现。本文讨论了这一新技术对现代地图学的影响,并分析了新技术条件下现代地图设计的特点。     

Regional extreme‐dry‐spell frequency analysis using the L‐moments method in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin,China

In this research, the regional extreme‐dry‐spell frequency in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin (YRB) is studied by the L‐moments method. The research area has been divided into three subregions (regions 1, 2 and 3), which have been identified as homogenous regions. The results of a goodness‐of‐fit test indicate that a generalized normal distribution is the optimal regional model for regions 1 and 2 whereas a generalized Pareto distribution is the optimal regional model for region 3. The return period analysis figures out that the maximum length‐of‐dry‐spell (MxDS) values increase from south to north in the southern part and increase from northeast to southwest in the northern part of the middle reaches of the YRB under different return periods. The increments of quantiles of dry spell under different return levels indicate that drought risk in region 1 is higher than that in regions 2 and 3. The analysis of the occurrence day of MxDS shows that MxDS mostly occurred during winter of 1998 and spring of 1999 in most stations during the considered period. By comparing summer MxDS events, it can be found that mean MxDS values have slightly increased in regions 1 and 2 during the last five decades. The maximum mean MxDS values appeared in the 2000s for regions 1 and 2 and in the 1990s for region 3. The atmospheric circulation shows that the positive anomaly centre in the west of North China, negative anomaly centre in the east of North China and the strong western Pacific subtropical high led to the decrease of precipitation in North China during the summer of 1997. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

High-pressure granulite from Western Kunlun,northwestern China: Its metamorphic evolution,zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages and tectonic implication

High-pressure mafic granulites occurring as lenticular bodies within garnet-amphibolites in Kangxiwar Fault have been first reported in this paper. The P-T conditions of two metamorphic stages were ob-tained using calibrated geothermal barometers and ThermoCalc Program. The peak metamorphic con-dition of these high-pressure granulites is about 760―820℃,1.0―1.2 GPa and the retrograde meta-morphic condition is about 620―720℃,0.7―0.8 GPa. The petrological studies show that they have a near-isobaric cooling P-T...     

苍山5.2级地震异常群体时空演化特征

在对 1 995年山东省苍山 5 2级地震异常筛选的基础上 ,分析了异常群体阶段性演化过程。结果表明 ,震前 1 0a左右震中周围出现小震小区域综合断层面解主压应力P轴偏转 (约 3 0°) ,震前 7a左右震中附近 3～ 4级地震增强集中及应变释放加速 ;震前 4a左右转为异常平静 ;震前 1a左右震中外围开始出现形变类前兆异常 ,前兆异常台站比和异常台项比约达 6%及 4%左右 ,异常比例偏少 ;震前约半年起 ,以震中附近地震波速比异常出现为起点 ,相继出现各类前兆异常 6条 ,短期前兆异常台站比和异常台项比分别约达 2 5 %和 1 7%左右 ,显示孕震进入短期阶段 ,但临震异常不明显。对由此获得的 5级地震预测启示进行了讨论。     

有限断层破裂时空过程反演结果误差的随机加权估计

针对非线性方法对有限断层破裂时空过程反演中存在的不唯一性问题,应用随机加权方法对反演结果进行误差估计．通过数值模型计算,定量揭示了滑动量、滑动角、破裂时间及上升时间在断层面上的分辨率值分布．应用随机加权方法对台湾海峡地震及缅中边境地震的误差估计结果表明,对应两次地震破裂中心位置上的参数分辨率值最高,结果最可靠,而在边缘子断层处滑动量与上升时间的分辨率值较低．     

1998年5月29日皮山县6.2级地震烈度分布特征及损失评估

１９９８年５月２９日皮山县发生６．２级地震,震中距皮山县城约３９ｋｍ,震源深度为３２ｋｍ,烈度分布区为北西－南东走向的椭圆形,极震区烈度为Ⅶ度,个别点为Ⅷ度,地震使皮山县县城,９个乡,２个镇,２个农场,墨玉县部分地区遭到不同程度的损失。共计受伤人数为２６人,其中重伤为２人,无家可归者人数为５５６６人,１３９２户,牲畜死亡４４５４头。地震造成的直接经济损失达５４８６．７５万元。     

考虑土体固液二相性质的地下管线地震反应研究

本文将管线周围的土体视为固-液二相介质，采用考虑地震过程中土体内孔隙水压力的增长和消散的有效应力分析方法，并以非线性的土体本构模型模拟土体动力特性的改变以及在孔隙水压作用下的变形，以求接近土体的真实地震反应。研究表明随着土体软化程度的不同，受到土体约束的管线应力亦发生相应变化。文中详细研究了地震动峰值、管线直径、行波波速和入射角度等对管线应力的影响。