A modified mix-differenced approach for estimating multi-GNSS real-time satellite clock offsets

A modified mixed-differenced approach for estimating multi-GNSS real-time clock offsets is presented. This approach, as compared to the earlier presented mixed-differenced approach which uses epoch-differenced and undifferenced observations, further adds a satellite-differenced process. The proposed approach, based on real-time orbit products and a mix of epoch-differenced and satellite-differenced observations to estimate only satellite clock offsets and tropospheric zenith wet delays, has fewer estimated parameters than other approaches, and thus its implementing procedure is efficient and can be performed and extended easily. To obtain high accuracy, the approach involves three steps. First, the high-accuracy tropospheric zenith wet delay of each station is estimated using mixed-differenced carrier phase observations. Second, satellite clock offset changes between adjacent epochs are estimated using also mixed-differenced carrier phase observations. Third, the satellite clock offsets at the initial epoch are estimated using satellite-differenced pseudorange observations. Finally, the initial epoch clock results and clock offset changes are concatenated to obtain the clock results of the current epoch. To validate the real-time satellite clock results, multi-GNSS post-processing clock products from IGS ACs were selected for comparison. From the comparison, the standard deviations of the GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou and Galileo systems clock results are approximately 0.1–0.4 ns, except for the BeiDou GEO satellites. The root mean squares are about 0.4–2.3 ns, which are similar to those of other international real-time products. When the clock estimates were assessed based on a pseudo-kinematic PPP procedure, the positioning accuracies in the East, North and Up components reach 5.6, 5.5 and 7.6 cm, respectively, which meet the centimeter level and are comparable to the application of other products.     

Fourier-based multi-scale representation and progressive transmission of cartographic curves on the internet

ABSTRACT

Automatic generation of multi-scale representations from the same spatial data source has been the research focus in map generalization for a long time. Based on the Fourier technique, this paper proposes a continuous, multi-scale representation model for progressive transformation of cartographic curves on the Internet. In our method, all the curves, whether closed or open, are depicted as periodical functions which are further expressed as Fourier series. The convergence degrees of the Fourier series are explored for different kinds of curves, and truncating frequencies are derived based on the similarity between the original and reconstructed curves. Using information theory and the Radical Law in cartography, the relationship between map scales and Fourier frequencies is established. Based on the proposed multi-scale model, we also introduce the principles and implementation of a progressive transmission method. Our method is evaluated using the contours from a topographic map. The results show that our model is a valid approach to multi-scale representation of cartographic curves.     

资源性(矿产)资产的市场运作与贵州经济发展

该文以产权理论、价值理论为基础，阐述了资源性资产市场化运作的条件、方式和必要性、现实性，提出了建设和完善贵州资源性资产市场的相关政策建议。     

氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定富马酸中的砷

用氢氧化钠溶液分解富马酸使其转化为水溶性富马酸钠 ,然后用氢化物发生 -原子荧光光谱法测定了试样中的砷。方法的检出限为 0 .2 μg/L ,对富马酸中As的测定结果与国标法结果相符 ,对w(As) =1 .5× 1 0 - 6的试样测定 1 2次 ,RSD为 4.8% ,加标回收率为 97.9%～ 1 0 7.5%。     

Thermo-mechanical performance of layered transversely isotropic media around a cylindrical/tubular heat source

We develop a new numerical model based on a precise integration method to investigate the coupled thermo-mechanical performance of layered transversely isotropic media around a cylindrical/tubular heat source. To obtain the relational matrices of the extended precise integration method, we first convert the governing equations of the problem into ordinary differential matrix equations through the Laplace–Hankel transform. Then, the cylindrical heat source is divided into a series of plane heat sources, and the plane temperature load term is added to the state vector between layer elements. By combining the layer elements, we build a layered transversely isotropic numerical model containing a cylindrical heat source in the transformed domain. Finally, we solve the model in the transformed domain and obtain the solution of the problem in the real domain through the Laplace–Hankel transform inversion. The accuracy of this method is verified by comparing the solutions with the results of the analytical method and the finite element method. Then, we study the influence of the anisotropy of thermal parameters, the embedded depth, the length/radius ratio, the type of heat source and the stratification of the medium on the thermo-mechanical coupled performance.

     

与全球变化有关的几个北极海洋地质问题

极地区域是全球变化研究的重点区域 ,在北极地区与全球变化有关的地质问题主要是北极地区的海陆变化对全球变化的影响 ,以及全球变化在地层中的记录。这涉及到北极形态变化及与其它大洋沟通的水道开闭情况 ,地形起伏对大气、大洋环流的影响 ,地壳升降与海平面变化对河流流量和海岸稳定性的影响 ,气体水合物及有机碳等变化对全球碳循环的影响 ,以及这些影响与气候变化信息在极地沉积物中的记录。文章在对上述影响及海洋地质研究状况进行探讨后 ,又简要介绍了中国的首次北极考察海洋地质研究状况     

西秦岭金矿类型及成矿区带划分

西秦岭是我国西北地区主要的金矿集中区 ,也是陕甘川“金三角”的重要组成部分。区内金矿床 (点 )遍布 ,形成以构造破碎蚀变岩型为主 ,硅灰泥岩型、石英脉型次之 ,兼有绿片岩型、接触交代型及河床—河漫滩堆积型等 6种金矿床类型。依据构造带及金矿床 (点 )的展布 ,初步划分为 10个Ⅴ级成矿带。通过揭示金矿带区域成矿地质构造特征 ,指出了西秦岭进一步找矿方向     

红黏土承载比的土团尺寸效应研究

高液限红黏土用于路基填筑时,因其不良的水理特性,需要掺石灰或水泥改良。但红黏土成团现象十分突出,进行灰土拌和时不易达到均匀状态,影响预期改良效果。通过对不同直径的红黏土土团及石灰改良土土团进行承载比试验,结果表明：干密度随着土团直径尺寸的增大呈现先增大后减小的特征,红黏土和石灰土的最大干密度对应的土团直径处在0.2～ 5 mm范围内;而最大承载比CBR值对应的土团直径分别处在5～10 mm和2～5 mm的范围内。石灰土和红黏土的吸水率、膨胀率均随着土团尺寸的增大,呈现先减小后增大的整体变化趋势。在2～10 mm的范围内,两种土的膨胀量最小。石灰改良只对直径小于5 mm的土团的膨胀特性起到明显的抑制作用。可见,现场施工中严格控制土团的大小对保证土体的强度和水稳定性具有十分重要的意义。     

吉林红旗岭镁铁-超镁铁质岩体地球化学特征及其岩石成因意义

红旗岭铜镍硫化物矿床位于兴-蒙造山带东部。矿区出露30多个镁铁-超镁铁质侵入体,主要由橄榄岩、辉石岩和辉(苏)长岩组成。本文通过对红旗岭含矿镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的主、微量及铂族元素(PGE)的研究,探讨了红旗岭岩体成矿母岩浆性质、PGE亏损的原因以及岩体形成的构造环境。全岩主、微量元素地球化学分析表明,红旗岭岩体具有高MgO(平均28.75%)、低TiO2(平均0.44%),富集轻稀土元素(LREE)、亏损高场强元素(HFSE),极低ΣPGE(平均2.08×10~(-9))和高Cu/Pd(平均2916×10~3)的特征。岩石样品显示相似的微量和PGE配分模式,表明其来源于相同的岩浆源区。根据橄榄石-熔体平衡及质量平衡原理估算出红旗岭母岩浆为高镁玄武质岩浆(MgO=10.74%、FeO=7.78%)。红旗岭母岩浆在早期演化过程中发生硫化物熔离作用导致了红旗岭含矿岩体PGE的极度亏损。结合中亚造山带东段构造演化历史,本文认为红旗岭岩体形成于晚三叠世碰撞后伸展环境,矿床的形成受到了古亚洲洋俯冲结束后板片断离的影响。     

龙门山造山带构造地层学研究

龙门山造山带属青藏高原东缘的陆内造山带 ,是一个独立的地层复合体 ,地层记录具有复杂性、混杂性、不连续性、不完整性和分带性等特征 ;根据龙门山造山带地层的构造变形、变位和变质特征以及边界断裂特征 ,可将龙门山造山带划分为 A、B、C三个构造地层带 ,其中 A带位于青川—茂汶断裂与北川—映秀断裂之间 ,属变形变质构造地层带 ,主要由志留系—泥盆系浅变质岩和前寒武系杂岩构成 ;B带位于北川—映秀断裂与彭灌断裂之间 ,属变形变位构造地层带 ,主要由上古生界—三叠系沉积岩构成 ;C带位于彭灌断裂与广元—大邑断裂之间 ,属变形构造地层带 ,主要由侏罗系至第三系红层构成。对不同类型构造地层带采用了不同的地层学研究方法 ,并建立了各个构造地层带的独立的地层系统 ,其中 A带采用构造—地 (岩 )层分析方法 ,B带采用构造片—地层分析方法 ,C带采用构造层序地层分析方法。