The secular variation of cometary magnitude

This paper calculates the mean variation in absolute magnitude per perihelion passage, ΔH₁₀, for short-period comets from the data of Vsekhsvyatskii and finds a value of 0.30 ± 0.06. Other mechanisms used for estimating cometary decay are reviewed and it is concluded that a more probable value for ΔH₁₀ is about 0.002. Reasons for the discrepancy between these two values are given.     

绿洲边缘夏季小气候特征及地表辐射与能量平衡特征分析

利用“绿洲系统能量与水分循环过程观测试验”加强期(IOP)在甘肃省酒泉市金塔绿洲观测的资料,分析了夏季金塔绿洲边缘的小气候特征及地表辐射收支和地表能量平衡特征。作为绿洲沙漠相互作用的界面,在白天绿洲边缘的垂直运动仍然是以上升气流为主,并且其小气候主要受土壤湿度的影响。中午前后绿洲边缘的总辐射最大值在1000W.m-2左右,净辐射>700W.m-2;在白天,仅有个别天数的感热通量超过100W.m-2,最大值仅为150W.m-2左右。在整个观测期,有超过70%的天数出现负感热通量。而Bowen比在±10-1量级,地表能量不平衡的差额较大,约28%。     

AN ANALYTICAL SCHEME FOR CHONDRITIC METEORITES

A chemical scheme is reported for the analysis of chondritic materials and results are presented for the Cocklebiddy meteorite. Analytical problems associated with chondrite inhomogeneity including phase leaching selectivity and the completeness of individual phase attack are considered. Data obtained by this method can be used to classify chondrites according to the accepted weight and molar ratio methods (Van Schmus and Wood, 1967: Wasson, 1974) The analytical scheme uses selective leaching techniques to determine, in each sample, the chemical composition of metallic, sulphide and silicate phases. Elemental concentrations are obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry, flame photometry, spectrophotometry or titration techniques, and the total sample average compositions are determined on fully oxidised specimens by XRF     

The world's most famous meteor shower picture

Summary The world's most famous meteor shower picture (Fig. 1) is of the storm that took place in the early morning of Wednesday, 13 November 1833. The picture was, however, produce 54 years after the event, being first published in April 1888. It had a biblical origin and was only taken over by the astronomers in the mid 1920s. The artist was the Swiss painter Karl Jauslin and the engraver was Adolf Völlmy.     

基于ITRF2005框架的南美板块运动及形变分析

本文通过利用ITRF2005框架速度场以及IGS参考站近两年观测数据解算所得速度场对南美板块的运动及形变特征进行分析。结果表明,南美板块整体以约12.4mm/a的速率向北西方向运动,其欧拉矢量参数与NNR-NULVEL1A模型基本一致。形变特征表现为中南部区域西缘因纳兹卡板块俯冲向东凹陷,东侧受大西洋中脊海底扩张推力向西运动,东西向的挤压使其约以22mm/a的速度收缩并阻碍其北向运动。板块南端则受南极洲板块挤压向北西运动。     

城市多灾种早期联合预警GIS系统的设计与应用

阐述了城市或区域范围内早期预警协作和预警联合发布的必要性,以及系统的具体设计思路,包括当前城市灾害预警应用现状分析,城市预警数据管理、系统应用设计,系统应用创新三个方面,最终通过城市预警信息融合和共享,来应对解决宽泛而又错综复杂的各类城市灾害问题,拓展应急协作工作的信息广度,提升公众防范的精细化服务水平。     

GPS信噪比观测值的土壤湿度变化趋势反演

土壤湿度变化趋势是某一个位置或区域内水资源循环的重要指标.多路径误差作为一种在导航、定位中的重要测量误差,由于其较弱的空间相关性,难以采用全球甚至区域性模型或差分的方法予以消除.在讨论和研究了多路径误差反射模型的基础上,实现了利用 GPS信噪比 SNR(Signal - to - NoiseRatio)观测值中的多路径反射分量对土壤湿度变化趋势的模拟.结合实测 GPS数据和土壤湿度计观测数据的对比和分析表明,该方法能反映土壤湿度变化趋势.同时,在计算过程中如何选择合适卫星、对反演结果质量进行评价以及如何实现两种观测结果之间的同化等是进一步需要研究的问题.     

基于GML的空间数据拓扑表达

拓扑关系是GIS中重要的基础理论问题之一,GML为空间数据拓扑表达提供了一种全新的手段。介绍GML及GML3.X中定义的拓扑模型,并以点线面等的表达为例阐述基于GML的空间数据拓扑表达。