The Role of β-effect and a Uniform Current on Tropical Cyclone Intensity

A limited-area primitive equation model is used to study the role of the β-effect and a uniform current on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity.It is found that TC intensity is reduced in a non-quiescent environment compared with the case of no uniform current.On an f-plane,the rate of intensification of a tropical cyclone is larger than that of the uniform flow.A TC on a β-plane intensifies slower than one on an f-plane.The main physical characteristic that distinguishes the experiments is the asymmetric thermodynamic (including convective) and dynamic structures present when either a uniform flow or β-effect is introduced.But a fairly symmetric TC structure is simulated on an f-plane.The magnitude of the warm core and the associated subsidence are found to be responsible for such simulated intensity changes.On an f-plane,the convection tends to be symmetric,which results in strong upper-level convergence near the center and hence strong forced subsidence and a very warm core.On the other hand,horizontal advection of temperature cancels part of the adiabatic heating and results in less warming of the core,and hence the TC is not as intense.This advective process is due to the tilt of the vortex as a result of the β-effect.A similar situation occurs in the presence of a uniform flow.Thus,the asymmetric horizontal advection of temperature plays an important role in the temperature distribution.Dynamically,the asymmetric angular momentum (AM) flux is very small on an f-plane throughout the troposphere.However,the total AM exports at the upper levels for a TC either on aβ-plane or with a uniform flow environment are larger because of an increase of the asymmetric as well as symmetric AM export on the plane at radii ＞450 km,and hence there is a lesser intensification.     

秦岭造山带西段八方山-二里河Pb-Zn矿区硅质岩的微组构分析及其意义

硅质岩是造山带内广泛发育的一类岩石, 该岩石的组成以SiO₂为主, 具有较高的稳定性.对于经历过造山作用、成矿作用和重结晶作用等影响的硅质岩, 其宏观组构和微观组构特征可以很好地反映它所遭受到的改造.秦岭造山带西段八方山-二里河Pb-Zn矿的宏观及微观组构特征分析表明: 该区硅质岩具有明显的热水沉积特征.由于受到压扭性和张性两种性质的应力作用, 矿区在宏观上形成了东西向压扭性断裂和北北东、北北西两组张性断裂, 微观上形成了微裂隙、微褶皱和压扁拉长的石英颗粒.矿区岩石发生了明显的变质作用, 除应力作用造成的动力变质作用外, 还发生了其他类型的变质作用和重结晶作用.硅质岩中微量碳酸岩矿物的存在以及应力作用对矿床的形成具有非常重要的意义, 特别是其可以为金属硫化物热液提供运移的通道和沉淀成矿的空间.      

大兴安岭北东段森林覆盖区岔路口巨型斑岩钼多金属矿床的发现过程及意义

岔路口巨型斑岩钼矿的发现是近年来大兴安岭北段森林覆盖区找矿的重大突破,其规模居中国北方钼矿之首。矿床位于伊勒呼里山南1 029高地火山机构旁侧,成矿与晚侏罗世—早白垩世以超浅成相侵入的石英斑岩、花岗斑岩及其相伴产生的隐爆作用有密切时空关系。矿体产于火山沉积岩和成矿斑岩体中,钼矿化以呈网脉状和细脉的裂隙充填形式为主,少量为大脉状和细脉浸染状;钼矿体呈隐伏穹隆状,延深巨大。热液蚀变发育、分带性明显,以硅化强烈、萤石化广泛为显著特征。矿区剥蚀程度甚低,地表大范围表现为泥化带,仅中心地带发育有弱石英绢云母化和低品位钼矿化;向深部蚀变矿化逐渐增强,矿化延深达千米。钼矿体上部共伴生有脉状铅锌银矿化。成矿同期火山岩碱质含量高,该矿床为碰撞拼接后陆内伸展构造环境中岩浆活动产物,成矿岩浆-热液体系具高氟富硫高氧化的特征,与美国的Climax钼矿较为相似。该矿床的发现和探明,为研究斑岩-脉状钼锌银成矿体系提供了范例,对区域构造-岩浆过程研究与区域找矿勘查均具有重要意义。     

4．罗宾恩铜矿区各矿强烈微震频度的初步评定

本文根据１９７２－１９８０年间在Ｌｕｂｉｎ铜矿中微震活动的分析，评定发生强烈岩层移动的概率及其频度。为此，使用Ｇｕｍｂｅｌ第一种分布和第三种分布，同时考虑随着单位时间内铜矿开采量增加和有关微震活动的情况。     

Dataset of Comparative Observations for Land Surface Processes over the Semi-Arid Alpine Grassland against Alpine Lakes in the Source Region of the Yellow River

Thousands of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP) play a critical role in the regional water cycle, weather, and climate. In recent years, the areas of TP lakes underwent drastic changes and have become a research hotspot. However, the characteristics of the lake-atmosphere interaction over the high-altitude lakes are still unclear, which inhibits model development and the accurate simulation of lake climate effects. The source region of the Yellow River(SRYR) has the largest outflow lake and freshw...     

我国城市地籍土地分类的探讨

本文分析了我国城市地籍土地分类的目的与任务；阐明城市地籍土地分类应遵循的基本原则；并提出我国城市地籍土地分类的初步方案。     

超强台风“威马逊”(2014)云微物理特征的模拟与对比分析

采用中尺度数值模式WRFv3.5对2014年超强台风“威马逊”进行数值模拟。利用雷达、卫星、自动站逐时降水资料,对比单参数WSM6云方案和双参数WDM6云方案在模拟台风路径、强度、降水分布及水成物含量上的差异,分析雨滴粒子的谱型特征及微物理源、汇项对云中雨水含量的影响。与上海台风研究所的最佳路径数据对比显示,两方案均较好地模拟出了台风“威马逊”的移动路径,WDM6方案的整体路径误差更小;模拟的强度差异则较为显著,WDM6方案的海平面最低气压值偏高,强度偏弱。两方案模拟的累积降雨分布虽与自动站实测资料基本一致,但WDM6方案模拟的强降水概率偏高,弱降水概率偏低。两方案模拟的对流区雪、霰、雨水含量均大于TRMM卫星反演结果,且WDM6方案的对流云较多,总体雨水含量偏高;两方案均模拟出了雷达回波分布的整体特征,但眼区尺度偏大,WDM6方案在融化层以下缺少眼墙之外的弱回波区且大于39 dBz的强回波区偏多,同样显示了雨水含量（或尺度）偏大。由于WDM6方案为暖雨（云、雨水）双参数模式,对云滴活化、云雨转换及云、雨谱型有一定的改进,其能较合理地模拟出雨滴谱随台风发展的演变特征;模拟显示,云、雨滴的收集碰并及固态粒子的融化是雨水的主要源项,WDM6方案增加了云雨水自动转化率及雨水碰并云水率,导致该方案的空中雨水含量偏高,且随高度的降低快速减小;此外,由于WDM6方案使用简单的寇拉公式进行云滴活化,初始云凝结核数的变化即可造成雪、霰、云雨水含量的改变,故建议在具体大气气溶胶条件下,对方案中的云滴生成参数化过程做相应的调整。     

初始矿物组分对CO_2矿物储存影响的模拟研究

二氧化碳地质封存(CO2geological sequestration,CGS)是一种直接、高效的减少大气中CO2含量的方式。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地CGS示范工程场地刘家沟组实测数据为基础,利用数值模拟方法,研究储集层岩石初始矿物组分变化对CO2矿物封存能力的影响。结果表明,在长石为主的砂岩储集层中,绿泥石、方解石和长石类矿物是主要的溶解矿物,铁白云石是主要的固碳矿物,初始矿物中钾长石、方解石含量变化对矿物封存量的影响极小,奥长石含量对矿物封存量有一定程度的影响,而绿泥石初始含量显著影响矿物封存量。