黄河三角洲典型地段地面沉降机理研究及预测预警

随着社会经济的快速发展,黄河三角洲地区普遍发生了地面沉降,已经成为了影响区域社会经济可持续发展的重要因素之一。本文以黄河三角洲地面沉降典型地段—滨州地区为研究对象,以该区2005~2019年年间共计6期地面沉降监测数据为基础,对区内多年来地面沉降发展演变规律进行分析,对地面沉降成因机理进行研究,并根据滨州地下水系统的水文地质条件以及地面沉降机理,概化出滨州地下水系统水位地质概念模型及地面沉降模型。在此模型基础上推演建立滨州地下水开采与地面沉降三维数值模型。利用该模型对地面沉降与地下水位监测数据进行内插外推计算,综合计算结果分析和研究,对地面沉降和地下水动态进行预测预警,从而为黄河三角洲地区地面沉降防治提供依据。     

贵州威宁昊星铅锌矿地球化学特征及成因浅析

昊星铅锌矿床位于黔西北威宁县境内的云炉河坝地区,毗邻川滇黔接壤铅锌矿集区内第二大的毛坪铅锌矿床。该矿床赋存于泥盆系碳酸盐岩中,矿体呈似层状、透镜状及脉状产出,与赋矿地层产状基本一致,受NE向构造控矿明显。硫化物矿石的Pb品位为1. 5%42. 80%,平均2. 89%,Zn品位为1. 5%35. 92%,平均9. 86%。可见,昊星铅锌矿床的成矿特征与会泽、毛坪和天桥等川滇黔铅锌矿集区内的其他典型矿床较相似。昊星铅锌矿床硫化物(黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿)的δ34SCDT值介于-57. 21‰+3. 93‰,则明显不同于会泽、毛坪和天桥等矿床(5‰%25‰),暗示昊星铅锌矿床的还原硫可能具有不同的来源或形成机制。通过分析认为,该矿床的硫很可能是海相硫酸盐生物还原过程(BSR)的产物,而黄铁矿异常低的δ34S可能是非封闭体系BSR批式分离的结果,即BSR过程形成的还原硫分批随着流体迁移至异地参与成矿。方铅矿的Pb同位素组成显示,昊星铅锌矿床的成矿金属主要由基底岩石提供。因此,本文认为昊星铅锌矿床是流体混合的产物,起源或流经基底岩石的成矿流体与BSR过程形成的还原性流体在异地发生混合,伴生部分TSR和水/岩相互作用过程,赋矿沉积岩中的蒸发岩和金属元素参与到了成矿之中,最终形成昊星铅锌矿床。     

Downhole Microseismic Source Location Based on a Multi-Dimensional DIRECT Algorithm for Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoir Exploration

Downhole microseismic data has the significant advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio and well-developed P and S waves and the core component of microseismic monitoring is microseismic event location associated with hydraulic fracturing in a relatively high confidence level and accuracy. In this study, we present a multidimensional DIRECT inversion method for microseismic locations and applicability tests over modeling data based on a downhole microseismic monitoring system. Synthetic tests inidcate that the objective function of locations can be defined as a multi-dimensional matrix space by employing the global optimization DIRECT algorithm, because it can be run without the initial value and objective function derivation, and the discretely scattered objective points lead to an expeditious contraction of objective functions in each dimension. This study shows that the DIRECT algorithm can be extensively applied in real downhole microseismic monitoring data from hydraulic fracturing completions. Therefore, the methodology, based on a multidimensional DIRECT algorithm, can provide significant high accuracy and convergent efficiency as well as robust computation for interpretable spatiotemporal microseismic evolution, which is more suitable for real-time processing of a large amount of downhole microseismic monitoring data.     

山东灵山岛青山群硅质岩的地球化学特征及地质意义

山东东部灵山岛地区发育一套火山碎屑岩、硅质岩、火山碎屑岩夹火山弹的特殊沉积层,为查明这套地层中硅质岩的形成原因及其大地构造背景,对硅质岩进行岩相学和地球化学分析。结果表明,研究区SiO2平均含量为70. 08%,Fe/Ti、(Fe+Mn)/Ti、δEu、Ba/Sr、Ni/Co及地球化学示踪投影指示其为热水成因;Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)、Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)、MnO/TiO2、V/Cr、Ni/Co、Th/Sc、U/Th、δCe、(La/Ce)N表明其形成于大陆边缘环境;K2O/Na2O、Al2O3/TiO2、SiO2/Al2O3、SiO2/MgO、Ni/Co值暗示其形成与火山作用有关。研究区硅质岩应为热水成因,且形成过程中受到陆源物质和火山作用的双重影响,形成于大陆边缘裂谷沉积环境。     

胶东地区变质地层新划分_新厘定胶东群_荆山群介绍

经近年来区调,对胶东地区变质地层作了新的划分。胶东群得以净化,新建荆山群。重行厘定之胶东群的层序自下而上:唐家庄组、英庄夼组、齐山组和林家寨组,原岩系一套火山碎屑和火山碎屑沉积岩,属晚太古代;荆山群自下而上:禄格庄组、野头组、陡崖组,原岩为一套富铝泥砂质——钙镁质碳酸盐岩沉积,属早元古代。     

综合物流时代的到来与港口功能的演变

综合物流是现代社会对运输发展的客观要求，它要求实现运输的全球化、信息化、高效化和门对门，综合物流因此也改变了传统的运输组织体系。港口作为综合物流时代连接海向腹地和陆向腹地的重要节点，在整个物流体系中有着非常重要的地位，而综合物流也加快了港口功能的演变，现代港口已经成为国际物流体系的一个重要的节点。最后论述了如何加快我国物流体系及集装箱港口的建设。     

控制龙门地热田的构造因素

根据龙门地热田构造特点以及与其地热异常和温泉分布的关系，论述了龙门地热田构造及控热特征，为在地热田内寻找热矿水赋存的有利地段提供了必要依据。     

灵台红粘土—黄土—古土壤序列频率磁化率的古气候意义

通过对甘肃灵台晚新生代红粘土－黄土－古土壤序列的磁化率测量和频率磁化率分析，发现红粘土及黄土－古土壤的磁化率和频率磁化率化率存有良好的正相关关系，表明两套沉积在成壤过程中由生物作用或化学作用而形成的超顺磁性矿物含量，对磁化率和频率磁化率增大有重要的贡献。相比化率而言，受影响因素较少的频率磁化率变化，反映了不同气候条件下形成的超顺磁粒级铁磁矿物的相对含量，能更真实、敏感地记录不同时间尺度的古气候波动。灵台红粘土－黄土－古土壤序列的频率磁化等在2．6MaBP前后不同的变率特征，揭示了大冰期来临前后黄土高原的冷暖、干湿反差产生了显著变化，而与此相关的冬、夏季风变迁则表现出不同的组合特征。     

软土盾构施工地表变形的小样本进化神经网络预测

上海地区软土具有高压缩性和易塑流等特性,在盾构机的挤压和不当施工扰动下将会引起较大的土层移动和地表隆陷。以盾构施工实测位移资料为学习样本,通过遗传算法搜索具有最优预测效果的神经网络结构及学习参数。利用获得的进化神经网络在小样本训练情况下建立模型,对下一步施工的地表变形进行合理的预测。对上海市某盾构隧道的施工地表变形预测表明该模型可获得较高预测精度。     

Magnetic properties of the Tertiary red clay from Gansu Province, China and its paleoclimatic significance

The study on magnetic properties of the red clay indicates that the red clay and loess- paleosol sequence have a common magnetic mineralogy, with magnetite, maghemite, hematite (and possibly goethite) contributing to the magnetic behavior. The red clay magnetic susceptibility is also found to have a positive relation with extrafine superparamagnetic grains. This suggests that, like the Quaternary loess-paleosols, an ultrafine ferrimagnetic component produced during pe-dogenesis in the red clay under humid conditions also plays an important role in susceptibility enhancement in the soil units. This is supported by the correlation between Rb/Sr ratio and magnetic susceptibility. This signifies that, like the above loess-paleosol sequence, the magnetic susceptibility of the red clay can be used as a general proxy paleoclimatic indicator, although whether its susceptibility in the red clay is comparable to pedogenesis intensity and requires further investigation. Magnetic susceptibility variation in the red clay thus also provides an eo-lian/pedogenic record of paleoclimatic evolution. Study of the background susceptibility indicates that, on average, the absolute scale of the paleoclimatic shift from red clay development to Quaternary loess deposition is similar to the climatic shift from stage 5 (S1) to stage 2-4 (L1). This may suggest that during the Quaternary there is an evident strengthening of the absolute wind intensity to bring more (about double) coarser and less weathered (non-SP fraction) eolian magnetic input from the source regions to the Loess Plateau than during the Pliocene. The presence of eolian red clay since 7.5 Ma BP in central-northern China implies an important envi-ronmental change from the underlying Cretaceous red sandstone. The red clay development was closely related to global drying and climate cooling since the Cretaceous and closely associated with the abrupt uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau at about that time. This uplift of the plateau intensified the East Asia monsoon system and started red clay deposition.