环大西洋显生宙造山带前中生代地体的增生史

环大西洋显生宙造山带前中生代地体的增生历史可以大致分成: (1)位于非洲北部、中欧或西欧、不列颠岛南部、阿帕拉契亚山脉东南及南美北部的地体,是在泛非-卡多姆造山作用期间,在晚元古代-寒武纪增生而成的。 (2)位于阿帕拉契亚山脉、格陵兰、Svalbard、斯堪的纳维亚(半岛),以及不列颠群岛的加里东造山带和中欧或西欧及非洲北部的华力西构造带的地体,主要是在早古生代形成的,在泥盆-石炭纪(主要是华力西构造带)也有几次增生事件。 (3)位于阿尔卑斯及安第斯山造山带的地体,许多仍然保留晚古生代叠覆层序的     

水文科学——社会的需要(节选)

水文科学家由于他们取得的成就满足了社会的需要而感到自豪。在二十世纪八十年代,由于资料收集的增加,电子计算机模拟法和分析技术的开发,提供了很多工具,足以解答很多实际问题。就是说: 1.频率分析技术取得良好的进展,可以应用于江河、湖泊、水利工程的规划设计作水文分析计算。虽然对于如何选择正确的分布函数以及如何去拟合的问     

日本气象业务计算机系统

一、引言日本气象业务计算机系统(COSME/S)已于1988年2月在日本气象厅总部投入业务,它是一个收集、分析气象资料,制作各种预报,发送各种输出产品的完整的计算机系统。共包括两个主要的子系统:用于气象通信的     

DIAGNOSTIC STUDY FOR INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION OF THE MIDDLE-HIGH LATITUDES IN A LOW RESOLUTION GLOBAL SPECTRAL MODEL

In this paper, five-year simulated data from a low-resolution global spectral model with triangular trunca-lion at wavenumber 10 are analyzed in order to study dynamical features and propagation characteristics ofintraseasonal oxillations over the mid-latitudes and the tropical atmosphere. The simulations show that thereis the 30-50 day periodic oscillation in the low-resolution spectral model without non-seasonal external forcing,and spatial scale of the intraseasonal oscihations is of the globe .Further analysis finds that propagation charac-ters of intraseasonal oscillations over the mid-latitudes and the tropics are different. The 30-50 day oscillationover the tropics exhibits structure of the velocity potential wave with wavenumber 1 in the latitudinal and thecharacter of the traveling wave eastward at speed of 8 longitudes/day. However, the 30-50 day oscillationsin mid-latitude atmosphere exhibit phase and amplitude oscillation of the standing planetary waves and theyare related to transform of teleconnection patterns over the mid-latitudes. The energy is not only transferredbetween the tropics and the middle-high latitudes, but also between different regions over the tropics. Based on the analysis of 5-year band pass filtered data from a 5-layer global spectral model of Jow-ordetwith truncated wavenumber l0,investigation is done of the source of intraseasonal oscillations in the extratropicalmodel atmosphere and its mechanism. Results show that (1) the convective heat transferred eastward alongthe equator serves as the source of the intraseasonal oxillation both in the tropical and the extratropical atmos--phere; (2) the velocity-potential wave of a zonal structure of wavenumber 1 gives rise to oxillation in divergentand convergent wind fields of a dipole-form as seen from the equatorial Indian Ocean to the western Pacificduring its eastward propagation, thus indicating the oscillation in the dipole-form heat soure:e/sink pattertl; (3)the tropical heat-source oscillation is responsible for the variation in phase and intensity of the extratropicalstationary wave train, and the interaction between the oscillating low-frequency inertial gravity and stationaryRossby modes that are probably mechanisms for the oscillations ip the middle-high latitudes.     

Ozone during stratospheric warmings at Uccle

The day-to-day variations in ozone content at Uccle (51oN) during some stratospheric warming events are ex-amined. In particular, the attention is focused on the timing of commencement of ozone enhancement prior to peak day of warming and on the relationship in the ozone content between the upper and lower stratosphere. These two features are compared with the predictions of ozone transport models. There seems to be an agreement between mod-el predictions and observed features in some cases.     

STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING AN AIR MASS TRANSFORMATION MODEL IN TAIYUAN

An AMT-model,consisting of a trajectory model and a one-dimensional boundary layer model,is tested fortrajectories arriving in Taiyuan to study the possibility of using it in Taiyuan.The sensitivity of the model tothe different processes was studied.Some parameters of the model were modified for the purpose of forecast-ing in specific mountainous terrain and dry climate conditions.Results of examples which we have workedout for Taiyuan circumstances for the periods of July(summer)1985 and January(winter)1986,show that the12h runs of the AMT-model are able to reproduce(on historical data)the sounding of Taiyuan.The AMT-modelcontributes fruitfully to short-range weather forecasts(12—36h ahead)during periods of severe air pollution andwhen cold waves occur.     

全球气候异常准实时每周评价

1978年在美国国家气象局(NWS)国家气象中心(NMC)建立了气候分析中心(CAC),它是美国国家海洋大气局(NOAA)气候项目的一个部分.气候分析中心使命是开发和运用新技术来分析、诊断、预报全球短期(主要是每周、每月和每季的)气候振荡.气候分析中心的分析情报部(AIB)的主要工作任务是为广大的各种用户提供现时全球气候情报和产品(Finger等人,1985).该组织的其它主要职能(如预报和     

混沌、奇异吸引子和天气(二)

四、在天气和气候中吸引子的研究确定吸引子的Hausdorff-Besicovit-ch维数具有极其重要的意义。因为一个吸引子无论是否为分形,其维数表示在相应的动力学系统演变过程中出现的最少变量个数(亦即吸引子必须嵌入一个至少等于其自身维数的状态空间)。所以,吸引子的Haus-dotff-Besicovitch维数(亦或任何其它广义维数的问题)的测定,也就给出了预测系统演变的模式所必须满足的一些约束条件。如果给出动力学系统的数学表达式,那     

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT OF LOW CONCENTRATION IN PIPES

The study of Sediment transport of low concentration in pipes bas been applied in the design of a self-cleansing storm sewer. An alternative criterion is suggested as op- posed to the widely used single flow velocity approach. A conceptual model which simu- lates the condition in a storm sewer is developed and tested against experimental data. The results proved that the volumetric sediment concentration, pipe diameter and sedi- ment size have to be taken into consideration to produce a self-cleansing storm sewer. It also shows that the slope obtained by this alternative criterion is lower than the single flow velocity approach.     

吉尔吉斯地震活动区自流井地下水化学成份的变化与井水开采动态的关系

本文讨论了钻井开采动态对自流地下水化学成份的影响。通过对吉尔吉斯伊塞克阿塔和扎拉尔阿巴德热矿泉产地水文化学动态观测资料分析表明,钻井人为开采的变化造成含水介质压力和应力的重新分布,同时导致自流泉化学成份的变化;详细分析了泉水中重碳酸盐离子、氯离子、碳酸盐离子、硫酸盐离子、钾离子以及二氧化碳等主要宏观成份的变化情况。作者认为,出现地下水化学成份变化的范围相当宽。这些效应视流量不同而出现不同的变化。而且不同成因,不同类型的地下水各具不同的特征。其机制可能是水文地球化学场空间分布的不均匀性。文章还提出了将此项研究用于探索地震水文地球化学前兆的方法问题。