国家火成岩标准物质GSR-1, GSR-2, GSR-3的Hf-Fe同位素组成评估

<正>放射性成因176Hf同位素作为岩浆活动及其源区的示踪剂,为火成岩地球化学研究提供了重要的基础。稳定同位素Fe也被证实可以作为火成岩岩石成因的一个重要的辅助工具。由此,这两种同位素的联合分析能够为火成岩成因研究提供坚实有力的地球化学证据。可是,在同位素分析中,国际参考     

福建南部沿海的江豚

在闽南厦门至漳浦沿海获22只江豚,根据背部棘状小结节的数量与分布,可明显分为两个亚种,即指名亚种(N.P.Phocaenoides,81%)和北方亚种(N.P.Sunameri,19%),表明本海域是几个亚种的混栖地带,分析了这些江豚的外部形态和种群结构,测定了脂肪层及各内脏的重量.     

GPS观测数据的建模与仿真

在研究GPS系统的基础上建立了GPS观测数据的仿真模型,编制了相应的计算机程序。仿真模型包括卫星参数模型、动力学模型和观测误差模型。仿真计算表明,卫星参数模型和动力学模型真实地反映了卫星的运动规律;误差模型反映了观测环境对信号传播的影响。同时可以调节和选择仿真模型的参数,仿真选择了地面静态和地面低动态的观测数据,这对于论证GPS定轨、导航算法、设计GPS接收机等有一定的实用价值。     

由偏顶蛤贝壳中稳定同位素剖面追溯海水温度记录

本文用在加拿大诺瓦·斯科舍省芬克湾采集到的两只活体偏顶蛤(Modiolus)贝壳上的氧同位素组成重建了过去十年间的底层海水温度记录,它也可作为一种独立的方法来确定贝壳上外生长线的沉积时间。由于对贝壳进行了密集采样(可多至每个贝壳沉积年份取15个样品),贝壳上的δ~(16)O变化反映了芬克湾底层海水的季节性变化。两只贝壳所得的温度剖面符合得很好,说明它们基本上是与真实的环境温度相对应的。本研究证明在海胆疾病爆发时底层海水的温度并没有异常升高,这说明疾病传播的关键因素是带病的生物体,而不是温度。同位素技术也说明了在贝壳外表面上可见的外生长线是年轮性的,它们是在每年冬季最低水温时沉积出来的。     

Stellar Population Analysis of Galaxies based on Genetic Algorithms

We present a new method for determining the age and relative contribution of different stellar populations in galaxies based on the genetic algorithm. We apply this method to the barred spiral galaxy NGC 3384, using CCD images in U, B, V, R and I bands. This analysis indicates that the galaxy NGC 3384 is mainly inhabited by old stellar population (age >109yr). Some problems were encountered when numerical simulations are used for determining the contribution of different stellar populations in the integrated color of a galaxy. The results show that the proposed genetic algorithm can search efficiently through the very large space of the possible ages.     

地中海东部的早中生代俯冲——土耳其西北部三叠纪榴辉岩提供的证据

地中海东部的早中生代俯冲——土耳其西北部三叠纪榴辉岩提供的证据ＡｒａｌＯｋａｙ等晚古生代古地理再造表明现今地中海东部地区是一辽阔的海域。虽然有地质证据证明这一地区存在过这个古生代海洋——古特提斯海，但是对于这个古特提斯俯冲史的资料是缺乏的。因此，我们...     

Population structure of Haliotis rubra from South Australia inferred from nuclear and mtDNA analyses

1Introduction ThemajorityofAustralia’sabalonefisheryex ports(5.135kt,worth＄216millionin2002～2003,ABARE2004)consistofblacklipabalone(HaliotisrubraLeach,1814).AssuchH.rubrais consideredasanimportantmarineresourcewithin Australia.Likemanyabalonespecieswor…     

Lead contamination of small cetaceans in European waters--the use of stable isotopes for identifying the sources of lead exposure

Lead concentrations and isotopic composition have been measured in bone and teeth of small cetaceans belonging to three species (Delphinus delphis, Phocoena phocoena and Stenella coeruleoalba), to evaluate the toxicological risk and to determine sources of lead in the European waters. Lead concentrations, far lower than threshold value inducing toxic effects in human, were higher in teeth than in bones, but highly correlated between the two tissues (r=0.92, p<0.001). Large variations of 206Pb/207Pb values in bone tissue showed that cetaceans must be submitted to various atmospheric influences. No geographical differences appeared which is consistent with studies on their distribution indicating seasonal movements between Brittany waters and the Bay of Biscay. The negative correlation between 206Pb/207Pb ratios and age of the individuals reflected the decrease in the production of alkyl lead in Europe, i.e., the increasing use of unleaded gasoline.     

Could CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b be remnants of evaporated gas or ice giants?

We present thermal mass loss calculations over evolutionary time scales for the investigation if the smallest transiting rocky exoplanets CoRoT-7b (∼1.68R_Earth) and Kepler-10b (∼1.416R_Earth) could be remnants of an initially more massive hydrogen-rich gas giant or a hot Neptune-class exoplanet. We apply a thermal mass loss formula which yields results that are comparable to hydrodynamic loss models. Our approach considers the effect of the Roche lobe, realistic heating efficiencies and a radius scaling law derived from observations of hot Jupiters. We study the influence of the mean planetary density on the thermal mass loss by placing hypothetical exoplanets with the characteristics of Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus to the orbital location of CoRoT-7b at 0.017 AU and Kepler-10b at 0.01684 AU and assuming that these planets orbit a K- or G-type host star. Our findings indicate that hydrogen-rich gas giants within the mass domain of Saturn or Jupiter cannot thermally lose such an amount of mass that CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b would result in a rocky residue. Moreover, our calculations show that the present time mass of both rocky exoplanets can be neither a result of evaporation of a hydrogen envelope of a “Hot Neptune” nor a “Hot Uranus”-class object. Depending on the initial density and mass, these planets most likely were always rocky planets which could lose a thin hydrogen envelope, but not cores of thermally evaporated initially much more massive and larger objects.